RESUMO
Dyslipidemia is common in patients with chronic kidney disease. Curcumin, a bioactive polyphenol from Curcuma longa, can improve lipid profile. This study aims to analyze the effects of Curcuma Longa extract supplementation on lipid profile and lipoprotein subfractions in hemodialysis (HD) patients. This is a longitudinal, double-blind, washout-period randomized clinical trial. The patients were randomized into two groups: the curcumin group (n = 10) (orange and carrot juice with 2.5 g of Curcuma Longa extract) and the control group (n = 11) (juice without curcumin) 3x/w during HD sessions for 3 months. After the washout period, patients continued the supplementation as a crossover for the same period. The lipid profile was measured using enzymatic assays. The high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein subfractions analyses were performed using LipoprintTM. In the curcumin group, the triglyceride values tended to decrease with a different triglyceride variation between the pre and post-intervention for the control and curcumin groups of 38.5 (19.8) mg/dL (p = 0.06). There was no statistical difference in the others parameters. In conclusion, Curcuma longa extract may be a good nutritional strategy to reduce triglyceride plasma levels in hemodialysis patients, but it seems ineffective for the other parameter.
Assuntos
Curcuma , Curcumina , Humanos , Curcumina/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Triglicerídeos , Lipoproteínas , Diálise Renal , Suplementos NutricionaisRESUMO
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) are expressed mainly in natural killer cells and specifically recognize human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules. The repertoire of KIR genes and KIR-HLA pairs is known to play a key role in the susceptibilities to and the outcomes of several diseases, including malaria. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of KIR genes, KIR genotypes and KIR-HLA pair combinations in a population naturally exposed to malaria from Brazilian Amazon. All 16 KIR genes investigated were present in the studied population. Overall, 46 KIR genotypes were defined. The two most common genotypes in the Porto Velho communities, genotypes 1 and 2, were present at similar frequencies as in the Americas. Principal component analysis based on the frequencies of the KIR genes placed the Porto Velho population closer to the Venezuela Mestizos, USA California hispanic and Brazil Paraná Mixed in terms of KIR gene frequencies. This analysis highlights the multi-ethnic profile of the Porto Velho population. Most of the individuals were found to have at least one inhibitory KIR-HLA pair. Seventy-five KIR-HLA pair combinations were identified. The KIR-2DL2/3_HLA-C1, KIR3DL1_HLA-Bw4 and KIR2DL1_HLA-C2 pairs were the most common. There was no association between KIR genes, KIR genotypes or KIR-HLA pair combinations and malaria susceptibility in the studied population. This is the first report on the distribution of KIR and known HLA ligands in the Porto Velho population. Taken together, these results should provide baseline information that will be relevant to population evolutionary history, malaria and other diseases studies in populations of the Brazilian Amazon.
Assuntos
Antígenos HLA/genética , Malária Falciparum/etnologia , Malária Falciparum/genética , Malária Vivax/etnologia , Malária Vivax/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Receptores KIR/genética , Alelos , População Negra , Brasil/etnologia , Expressão Gênica , Frequência do Gene , Genótipo , Antígenos HLA/classificação , Antígenos HLA/imunologia , Hispânico ou Latino , Humanos , Malária Falciparum/imunologia , Malária Falciparum/parasitologia , Malária Vivax/imunologia , Malária Vivax/parasitologia , Plasmodium falciparum/isolamento & purificação , Plasmodium vivax/isolamento & purificação , Análise de Componente Principal , Receptores KIR/classificação , Receptores KIR/imunologia , População BrancaRESUMO
As a central component of the hydrogen peroxide detoxifying system in plant cells, ascorbate peroxidases (APX) play an essential role in the control of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. To characterise the function of cytosolic APX isoforms (OsAPX1 and OsAPX2) in the mechanisms of plant defence, OsAPX1/2 knockdown rice plants were previously obtained. OsAPX1/2 knockdown plants (APx1/2s) exhibited a normal phenotype and development, even though they showed a global reduction of APX activity and increased hydrogen peroxide accumulation. To understand how rice plants compensate for the deficiency of cytosolic APX, expression and proteomic analyses were performed to characterise the global expression pattern of the APx1/2s mutant line compared with non-transformed plants. Our results strongly suggest that deficiencies in cytosolic APX isoforms markedly alter expression of genes associated with several key metabolic pathways, especially of genes involved in photosynthesis and antioxidant defence. These metabolic changes are compensatory because central physiological processes such as photosynthesis and growth were similar to non-transformed rice plants. Our analyses showed modulation of groups of genes and proteins related to specific metabolic pathways. Among the differentially expressed genes, the largest number corresponded to those with catalytic activity. Genes related to oxidative stress, carbohydrate metabolism, photosynthesis and transcription factor-encoding genes were also modulated. These results represent an important step toward understanding of the role played by cytosolic APX isoforms and hydrogen peroxide in the regulation of metabolism by redox modulation in monocots.
Assuntos
Ascorbato Peroxidases/genética , Citosol/enzimologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Oryza/genética , Oryza/metabolismo , Ascorbato Peroxidases/metabolismo , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos/genética , Citosol/metabolismo , Ativação Enzimática , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Genes de Plantas , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Isoenzimas/genética , Isoenzimas/metabolismo , Oryza/enzimologia , Estresse Oxidativo/genética , Fotossíntese , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Proteoma/análise , Proteoma/genética , Proteoma/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Transcrição Gênica , Transformação GenéticaRESUMO
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, a low virulence mycobacterium, and the outcome of disease is dependent on the host genetics for either susceptibility per se or severity. The IFNG gene codes for interferon-γ (IFN-γ), a cytokine that plays a key role in host defense against intracellular pathogens. Indeed, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IFNG have been evaluated in several genetic epidemiological studies, and the SNP +874T>A, the +874T allele, more specifically, has been associated with protection against infectious diseases, especially tuberculosis. Here, we evaluated the association of the IFNG locus with leprosy enrolling 2,125 Brazilian subjects. First, we conducted a case-control study with subjects recruited from the state of São Paulo, using the +874 T>A (rs2430561), +2109 A>G (rs1861494) and rs2069727 SNPs. Then, a second study including 1,370 individuals from Rio de Janeiro was conducted. Results of the case-control studies have shown a protective effect for +874T carriers (OR(adjusted) = 0.75; p = 0.005 for both studies combined), which was corroborated when these studies were compared with literature data. No association was found between the SNP +874T>A and the quantitative Mitsuda response. Nevertheless, the spontaneous IFN-γ release by peripheral blood mononuclear cells was higher among +874T carriers. The results shown here along with a previously reported meta-analysis of tuberculosis studies indicate that the SNP +874T>A plays a role in resistance to mycobacterial diseases.
Assuntos
Interferon gama/genética , Hanseníase/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Hanseníase/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mycobacterium leprae/isolamento & purificação , Razão de Chances , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, a low virulence mycobacterium, and the outcome of disease is dependent on the host genetics for either susceptibility per se or severity. The IFNG gene codes for interferon-γ (IFN-γ), a cytokine that plays a key role in host defense against intracellular pathogens. Indeed, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IFNG have been evaluated in several genetic epidemiological studies, and the SNP +874T>A, the +874T allele, more specifically, has been associated with protection against infectious diseases, especially tuberculosis. Here, we evaluated the association of the IFNG locus with leprosy enrolling 2,125 Brazilian subjects. First, we conducted a case-control study with subjects recruited from the state of São Paulo, using the +874 T>A (rs2430561), +2109 A>G (rs1861494) and rs2069727 SNPs. Then, a second study including 1,370 individuals from Rio de Janeiro was conducted. Results of the case-control studies have shown a protective effect for +874T carriers (OR(adjusted) = 0.75; p = 0.005 for both studies combined), which was corroborated when these studies were compared with literature data. No association was found between the SNP +874T>A and the quantitative Mitsuda response. Nevertheless, the spontaneous IFN-γ release by peripheral blood mononuclear cells was higher among +874T carriers. The results shown here along with a previously reported meta-analysis of tuberculosis studies indicate that the SNP +874T>A plays a role in resistance to mycobacterial diseases(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Interferon gama/genética , Hanseníase/genética , Brasil/epidemiologia , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Razão de Chances , Fatores de Risco , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Hanseníase/epidemiologia , Mycobacterium leprae/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Schistosomiasis is a water-borne parasitic illness caused by neoophoran trematodes of the genus Schistosoma. Using classical histological techniques and whole-mount preparations, the present work describes the embryonic development of Schistosoma mansoni eggs in the murine host and compares it with eggs maintained under in vitro conditions. Two pre-embryonic stages occur inside the female worm: the prezygotic stage is characterized by the release of mature oocytes from the female ovary until its fertilization. The zygotic stage encompasses the migration of the zygote through the ootype, where the eggshell is formed, to the uterus. Fully formed eggs are laid still undeveloped, without having suffered any cleavage. In the outside environment, eight embryonic stages can be defined: stage 1 refers to early cleavages and the beginning of yolk fusion. Stage 2 represents late cleavage, with the formation of a stereoblastula and the onset of outer envelope differentiation. Stage 3 is defined by the elongation of the embryonic primordium and the onset of inner envelope formation. At stage 4, the first organ primordia arise. During stages 5 to 7, tissue and organ differentiation occurs (neural mass, epidermis, terebratorium, musculature, and miracidial glands). Stage 7 is characterized by the nuclear condensation of neurons of the central neural mass. Stage 8 refers to the fully formed larva, presenting muscular contraction, cilia, and flame-cell beating. This staging system was compared to a previous classification and could underlie further studies on egg histoproteomics (morphological localizome). The differentiation of embryonic structures and their probable roles in granulomatogenesis are discussed herein.
Assuntos
Platelmintos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Schistosoma mansoni/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Esquistossomose mansoni/diagnósticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Renal transplantation is considered a safe procedure for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the recurrence of disease and its impact on graft survival remains controversial. METHODS: To analyze the presence of lupus serology activity during dialysis and its impact on lupus recurrence after transplantation, we performed a retrospective analysis of 23 lupus patients who received 26 kidney transplantations. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients received 26 renal transplantations from 1984 to 2003. Twelve patients presented pretransplant lupus activity (low complement and ANA > 1/40), without correlation with length of dialysis, but associated with proliferative glomerulonephritis (class IV) pretransplant. Among 26 grafts, 6 were lost in the first 6 months posttransplant. Among the remaining 20 functioning grafts, low complement activity occurred in 8, being associated with recurrence of immune deposits in 3 cases. Analysis of lupus activity showed that only one patient with a normal complement level posttransplant presented SLEDAI > 4, associated with persistent proteinuria and a graft biopsy without immune deposits. Graft survival was reduced in the presence of low complement posttransplantation. CONCLUSION: Low complement levels after renal transplantation, in association with proteinuria may be considered to be a risk factor for recurrence of immune deposits, with a negative impact on graft survival.
Assuntos
Proteínas do Sistema Complemento/metabolismo , Sobrevivência de Enxerto/fisiologia , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Transplante de Rim/fisiologia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Biomarcadores/sangue , Humanos , Falência Renal Crônica/cirurgia , Recidiva , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
CONTEXT: Renal allograft biopsies have been used as a good method for monitoring the evolution of kidney transplants for at least 20 years. Histological analysis permits differential diagnosis of the causes of allograft dysfunction to be made. OBJECTIVES: To correlate the data of urinalysis and serum creatinine with histological diagnosis of renal graft in a group of renal transplant patients. DESIGN: Accuracy study, retrospective analysis. SETTING: A university terciary referral center. SAMPLE: 339 percutaneous allograft biopsies obtained from 153 patients. Blood and urine samples were obtained before the graft biopsy. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Laboratory evaluation and hystological analysis (light microscopy, immunofluorescent electronic microscopy). RESULTS: Most of the biopsies (58.9%) were performed during the first month post-transplant. An increase in serum creatinine was associated with acute tubular and/or cortical necrosis. Proteinuria and normal serum creatinine were associated with glomerular lesions. Non-nephrotic range proteinuria and an increase in serum creatinine were associated with chronic rejection. CONCLUSION: Evaluation of serum creatinine and urinalysis can be useful in suggesting the histological graft diagnosis.
Assuntos
Biópsia por Agulha/métodos , Rejeição de Enxerto/diagnóstico , Transplante de Rim/patologia , Creatinina/sangue , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Rejeição de Enxerto/patologia , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Urina/químicaAssuntos
Injúria Renal Aguda/etiologia , Ciclosporina/efeitos adversos , Síndrome Hemolítico-Urêmica/etiologia , Imunossupressores/efeitos adversos , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Injúria Renal Aguda/diagnóstico , Injúria Renal Aguda/terapia , Adulto , Ciclosporina/uso terapêutico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Síndrome Hemolítico-Urêmica/diagnóstico , Síndrome Hemolítico-Urêmica/terapia , Humanos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Falência Renal Crônica/cirurgia , MasculinoRESUMO
We report a case of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU syndrome) in a 47-year-old woman who also was found to have antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody. The patient developed severe acute renal failure that improved after a high dose (1 mg/kg/d) of corticosteroid therapy. The diagnosis of the disorder is discussed, as well as the finding of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody.
Assuntos
Autoanticorpos/imunologia , Nefrite Intersticial/imunologia , Uveíte Anterior/imunologia , Injúria Renal Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Injúria Renal Aguda/etiologia , Anticorpos Anticitoplasma de Neutrófilos , Biomarcadores/análise , Feminino , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Túbulos Renais/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nefrite Intersticial/complicações , Nefrite Intersticial/tratamento farmacológico , Nefrite Intersticial/patologia , Prednisona/uso terapêutico , Síndrome , Uveíte Anterior/complicações , Uveíte Anterior/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Diabetic nephropathy is a frequent cause of end-stage renal failure in patients admitted for renal replacement therapy. PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalence of DN, as the underline disease, in patients with ESRF. METHODS: 1,303 [male (M) = 767 and female (F) = 536] patients with ESRF who were on a waiting list for cadaver kidney transplant at Nephrology Unit-University Hospital (HC-UNICAMP), from August/90 to June/93--group 1--and 193 (M = 112 and F = 81) patients admitted for renal replacement therapy in a year period (April/92 to March/93), in the city of Campinas, State of São Paulo, Brazil, were studied. RESULTS: The prevalence of DN was 10.1% in group 1 and 17.6% in group 2 (x2 = 7.15; p = 0.007), being the third cause of ESRF in both groups, and it was preceded by glomerulonephritis and arterial hypertension. In group 1 the reduction of number of patients with increase in duration of dialysis was significantly greater in patients with diabetic nephropathy (x2 = 30.9; p < 0.001). Among patients with DN 35 (26%) in group 1 and 6 (18%) in group 2 had less than 35 years when they were admitted for renal replacement therapy and are likely to be type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. CONCLUSION: In our studied groups DN was a frequent cause of ESRF.