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Mean propulsive velocity (MPV) has been associated with neuromuscular fatigue; however, its suitability for strength training in Paralympic powerlifting (PP) remains uncertain. The objective of this work was to evaluate the MPV in two training methods (traditional-TRAD and eccentric-ECC). Eleven PP athletes were evaluated pre, during the intervention and post intervention at a load of 80% of the 1RM for TRAD and 110%-80% of 1 RM for ECC. The results demonstrated that there was no significant neuromuscular fatigue for the TRAD (~5% performance loss), as well as no significant decline in MPV during the intervention. For the ECC, there is a significant reduction in MPV before and after training (~12% loss of performance). A difference between TRAD and ECC after the intervention was also identified (0.87 m/s±0.22, 95% CI 0.72-1.02 vs. 0.72±0.20, 95% CI 0.59-0.86 p=0.042, F(3.30)=10.190, η2p=0.505 - very high effect). During the intervention for ECC, no significant decline in MPV was observed. The results of this study suggest that the mechanical indices of MPV do not seem to be effective indicators of neuromuscular fatigue in the sample studied or in the context of this specific training regime, being more indicated as a control of training volume.

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Improvements in race times for male and female Para canoe athletes across different sports classes have led to a reduction in relative differences between classes over time. However, there is a lack of research examining the comparative developmental trajectories between high-performance Paralympic (PCS) and Olympic (OCS) canoe sprint. In this study, we compared the developmental trajectories of 200-meter kayak performances among PCS and OCS athletes. In total, we analyzed 628 race results obtained from public online databases, for nine competitions between 2015 and 2023. Race times were reduced over the years except in specific sports classes (KL3-M, K1-M, and K1-F; KL: Kayak Level, M: male, F: female), with a poor positive correlation (r = 0.17 to 0.33) between time and the years. For the remaining sports classes, these correlations ranged from poor to fair (r = -0.58 to -0.13). OCS K1 athletes outperformed their Paralympic counterparts. Among Paralympic classes, KL1 had slower times than KL2 and KL3 (p ≤ .05), with KL2 times significantly lower than KL3 in the female category. OCS athletes exhibited less variability in race times compared to PCS athletes. In the male category, there were no significant differences in the coefficients of variation (CV) and amplitude of race times between sport classes, except for KL1-M, which had a larger CV than K1 (p ≤ .05). In the female category, the CV and amplitude of race times were significantly higher in KL1-F compared to KL3-F and K1-F. OCS times remained stable from 2015, with KL3-M following a similar trend. PCS displayed greater race time variability, particularly in higher impairment classes, notably KL1. This underscores the existence of distinct developmental stages within the canoe sprint modality, particularly emphasizing the early developmental phase of KL1. It also provides valuable insights for coaches and sports selection, especially concerning athletes with more severe impairments, including those in Rehabilitation Centers and during athlete recruitment.

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PURPOSE: Wheelchair users and people with disabilities have limited access to physical exercise due to various factors, including medical follow-up and training facilities. Although tele-exercise guided by experts has become a viable option, there is limited knowledge about the acute performance decrement (APD) resulting from remote training methods. The current cross-sectional study aimed to: (1) assess the APD of muscle resistance strength after three synchronous tele-exercise training methods in wheelchair users and (2) compare the training loads associated with each training method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen male and female wheelchair users who participated in tele-exercise strength practices were recruited. The participants performed a maximum resistance strength test by synchronous tele-assessment (push-up test, PUT) at baseline and immediately after three training methods: high-intensity interval training (HIIT), moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and sprint interval training (SIT). The primary outcome was the APD, which was measured by the percentage decrease in the number of repetitions of the PUT immediately after the training methods. RESULTS: APD was observed for all three training methods, with no significant differences between them (-34.8%, -29.9% and -38.0% for MICT, SIT and HII, respectively), and presented a non-significant correlation with the training loads. HIIT had a significantly higher training load than MICT and SIT. CONCLUSIONS: APD occurred in all training sessions, but did not correlate with training load, indicating that it is not an appropriate metric for comparison. Findings provide insight into APD response and highlight the need to consider multiple metrics when comparing training protocols.

Synchronous moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), sprint interval training (SIT) and high-intensity interval training tele-exercises provided similar acute performance decrement in wheelchair users and people with disabilities.High-intensity interval training showed a higher training load compared to MICT and SIT performed remotely.Acute performance decrement did not correlate with the training load.

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Two valid tests have been used in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome (coronavirus disease 2019) due to their fast application, feasibility, and accessible procedures, facilitating data collection in large groups: the 1-minute sit-to-stand test (STS) and handgrip strength (HGS) dynamometry. The present study aimed to: i) assess the STS and HGS in men and women with post-COVID-19 syndrome who did not require invasive ventilator support; ii) correlate STS repetitions and HGS with time since the COVID-19 diagnosis. Six hundred and twenty-two men and women with post-COVID-19 syndrome who did not require invasive ventilatory support performed the STS and HGS tests at the beginning of the rehabilitation process at a Reference Hospital Centre. Women over 55 years presented significantly lower results compared to participants under 55 years. For the HGS, the median ranged from 42 to 48 kg and 70 to 81 kg for the female and male groups, respectively. The correlations of time since COVID-19 diagnosis with STS and HGS ranged from -0.16 to 0.02 (p>0.05) for women and men, respectively.The test results could be used for the initial analysis of normality ranges and comparisons with other populations. Although STS repetitions and HGS presented low and non-significant correlations with time since the COVID-19 diagnosis, some COVID-19 sequelae were not measured, so these data should be interpreted with caution.

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INTRODUCTION: Tele-exercise, defined as an intervention that offers physical training provided remotely, represents an alternative for remote care during social isolation and the absence of in-person interventions, considering the difficulties of regular exercise engagement in tetraplegia. The current study aimed to examine whether tele-exercise training in individuals with tetraplegia meets the recommendations proposed by the spinal cord injury (SCI)-specific guidelines, and the adherence. METHODS: Twenty SCI tetraplegia performed tele-exercise training. The weekly training load of the tele-exercise training during the 27 weeks was compared to the estimated training load of SCI-specific guidelines: TW vigorous guideline: vigorous intensity of guideline proposed for Tweedy et al.; MG vigorous guideline: vigorous intensity of guideline proposed for Martin Ginis et al.; MG moderate guideline: moderate intensity of guideline proposed for Martin Ginis et al. Adherence was obtained weekly during 27 weeks. RESULTS: The tele-exercise training load was 22.0% higher than the MG moderate guideline and 21.6% and 47.7% lower than the MG vigorous and TW vigorous guidelines, respectively. The tele-exercise training loads for men and women were, respectively, 2.3% and 35.0% higher than the MG moderate guideline; 34.0% and 13.2% lower than the MG vigorous guideline; and 56.1% and 42.1% lower than the TW vigorous guideline. Adherence was 45.1%. CONCLUSION: The tele-exercise training in men and women with tetraplegia for 7 months met the moderate intensity of recommendation proposed by one SCI exercise guideline. The adherence was 45.1%, with higher values for men compared to women. This finding shows that tele-exercise training may be an alternative exercise training intervention for tetraplegia and prompts reflexion on the inclusion of tele-exercise training in SCI exercise guidelines.

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CONTEXT: One of the primary training variables, although often overlooked, is recovery level achieved before starting subsequent training sessions. To find a more practical measurement that is consonant with the daily training routine, the Perceived Recovery Status (PRS) scale is proposed. In this perspective, the present study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the PRS scale into Brazilian Portuguese. DESIGN: This was a clinical measurement. METHODS: The cross-cultural translation was performed according to guidelines. Linguistic validation consisted of 5 stages: forward translation, translation synthesis, back translation, analysis of inconsistencies, and cognitive debriefing. RESULTS: During forward translation, different interpretations were obtained from the 2 translators (versions V1 and V2). Supported by an expert committee, a combined version (V3) was obtained from V1 and V2. During back translation, different interpretations were obtained from the 2 translators (versions V4 and V5). Discrepancies, applicability, and cultural equivalence were documented and analyzed by the expert committee participating in the cross-cultural translation procedure. During the cognitive debriefing, a group of 5 Brazilian people from the general population were asked to participate in a cognitive debriefing to assess the comprehensibility of the translated items. CONCLUSIONS: The PRS was translated and culturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese (PRS-Brasil).

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ABSTRACT: Neto, FR, Dorneles, JR, Luna, RM, Spina, MA, Gonçalves, CW, and Gomes Costa, RR. Performance differences between the arched and flat bench press in beginner and experienced Paralympic powerlifters. J Strength Cond Res 36(7): 1936-1943, 2022-The present study aimed to verify the differences of the total load, trajectory of the barbell in the sagittal plane, and mean velocity of the barbell between the arched and flat techniques of the bench press in beginner (BG) and experienced (EG) Paralympic powerlifters. Twenty beginners (age: 34.4 years; experience: 3.3 months) and 23 experienced (age: 35.5 years; experience: 9.8 months) Paralympic powerlifters were selected from a Rehabilitation Hospital Network and a Paralympic sports center. Subjects were assessed in the one-maximum repetition test of the bench press exercise using the flat and arched bench press techniques (48-72-hour interval between sessions). Maximum strength, trajectory of the barbell in the sagittal plane, and mean velocity of the barbell were measured to compare the techniques and the groups. The total load corrected with the Haleczko formula was significantly higher in EG compared with BG (∆ = 21.1%; effect sizes [ES] = 0.39, p ≤ 0.05). There were no significant differences for all analyzed outcomes comparing the arched and flat techniques. During the eccentric phase of the bench press, all assessed differences ranged from -16.6 to 23.1% and presented ES of trivial to moderate. On the concentric phase, the assessed differences ranged from -20.7 to 13.9% and presented ES of trivial to moderate. The total load, trajectory of the barbell in the sagittal plane, and mean velocity of the barbell were not significantly different between the arched and flat techniques for experienced and beginner powerlifting athletes during both the eccentric and concentric phase of the movement. However, further analyses are essential to determine the best technique for athletes.

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BACKGROUND: In Paralympic powerlifting (PP), athletes with and without spinal cord injury (SCI) compete in the same category. Athletes with SCI may be at a disadvantage in relation to the production of muscle strength and the execution of motor techniques. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the indicators force, dynamic and static, at different intensities, on performance in athletes with and without SCI. METHODS: The sample was composed of two groups of PP athletes: SCI (30.57 ± 4.20 years) and other deficiencies (OD; 25.67 ± 4.52 years). Athletes performed a test of maximum isometric force (MIF), time to MIF (Time), rate of force development (RFD), impulse, variability and fatigue index (FI), dynamic tests Mean Propulsive Velocity (MPV), Maximum Velocity (Vmax) and Power. RESULTS: There were differences in the SCI in relation to OD, 50% 1RM (p < 0.05), in relation to MPV and Vmax. There were no differences in the static force indicators. Regarding EMG, there were differences between the SCI triceps in relation to the previous deltoid (p = 0.012). CONCLUSION: We concluded that the static and dynamic strength indicators are similar in Paralympic powerlifting athletes with spinal cord injury and other disabilities.

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BACKGROUND: Adequate muscle strength is essential for walking performance in individuals with stroke. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the accuracy of different forms of muscle knee extension strength analysis to identify high or low walking performance in individuals with chronic stroke. METHODS: Twenty-eight participants with a chronic stroke for more than six months participated. Independence for walking was judged by measurement of walking performance assessed for comfortable walking speed (CWS), maximum walking speed (MWS), and the Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT). Peak knee extension torque of the paretic side, non-paretic side, sum of the sides (SS), and difference in the sides (DS) was assessed during concentric movements using an isokinetic dynamometer. RESULTS: The equation with greatest predictive capacity for CWS and MWS included the DS as the main predictor (R2 of 0.65 and 0.71, respectively, p < 0.05). The variable with the greatest predictive capacity for 6MWT was time since injury (R2 of 0.68, p < 0.05). The highest percentile for CWS in the receiver operating characteristic curve of DS was 25 Nm/kg (cut-off: -12.75 for CWS of 0.498 m/s). The 75th percentile of the 6MWT (324.3 m) was used as the cut-off for the SS (2.1 Nm/kg). The area under the curve for CWS was 0.76 (p < 0.05) on the DS and 0.75 (p < 0.05) for 6MWT on the SS. CONCLUSION: The models of muscle knee extension strength analysis using the SS and DS presented moderate accuracy to identify walking performance in individuals with chronic stroke.

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Purpose: To determine whether the inclusion of three additional items improved the discriminative capacity of the Adapted Manual Wheelchair Circuit (AMWC). Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: A total of 126 men (median age 28.9 years [percentiles 25 and 75: 23.7; 38.5 years]) with spinal cord injury were consecutively enrolled and divided into three subgroups: high paraplegia (HP), medium paraplegia (MP), and low paraplegia (LP). The participants performed the AMWC with three additional items. Ability score and total time of AMWC (AMWCAS and AMWCTT) and AMWC plus the three additional items (AMWC+3AS and AMWC+3TT), 3 min of overground wheeling test and performance score were evaluated. Results: AMWC was not able to discriminate HP from MP and LP (Wilks' lambda = 0.93; P= 0.07). In contrast, AMWC+3 was able to discriminate between the three subgroups (Wilks' lambda = 0.86; P≤ 0.05). AMWC+3AS presented a better sensitivity compared to AMWCAS (lower success rate for all subgroups, 38.5% vs. 82.1% for HP; 49.0% vs. 75.5% for MP; 78.9% vs. 94.7% for LP). The LP group presented a significant higher AMWC+3AS compared to MP and HP (17.0 vs. 16.5 and 16.5, respectively, P≤ 0.05). AMWC+3TT was significantly lower in LP compared to MP and HP (139.85 s vs. 242.52 s and 326.21 s, respectively, P≤ 0.05). Conclusion: The AMWC+3 outcomes were able to discriminate between HP, MP, and LP subgroups, and the addition of the three items enhanced the sensitivity of the wheelchair circuit. The performance of LP was more evident with significant differences compared to HP and MP for all AMWC+3 outcomes.

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Objectives: The study aimed to test the cross-validation of a specific one maximum repetition (1RM) predictive equation based on the 4- to 12-maximum repetition test (4-12RM) for men with spinal cord injury (SCI). Study design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Rehabilitation Hospital Network. Participants: Fifty-eight men aged 31.9 (20.0-38.0) years (median and quartile) with SCI were enrolled in the study. Interventions: None. Outcomes measures: Volunteers were tested in 1RM test or 4-12RM of the bench press exercise with 2-3 interval days in a random order. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with Bland Altman plot was used to compare a specific predictive equation (SPE) and six current predictive equations (CPE) based on the 4- to 12-maximum repetition with the 1RM test. Results: The SPE showed the highest intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC = 0.91; 95%CI 0.85-0.95), the smallest range of the interval around the differences (Δ = 36.6) and the second lowest mean difference between 1RM test and 1RM predictive equation (-2.4 kg). The CPE3 presented the lowest mean difference (-1.6 kg). All intraclass correlations' predictive equations were classified as excellent. Conclusion: The SPE presented a suitable and satisfactory validity to assess men with SCI at the bench press exercise. Thus, the equation is an accurate method to predict 1RM in SCI.

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Purpose: To translate, culturally adapt and validate the Adapted Manual Wheelchair Circuit (AMWC) into Brazilian-Portuguese. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Sixty-six men (median age of 30.5 years [percentiles 25 and 75: 24.0; 38.3 years]) with traumatic spinal cord injury were consecutively enrolled and divided into two groups: tetraplegia (TP) and paraplegia (PP). The participants performed the AMWC-Brazil and were evaluated by the Spinal Cord Injury Measure version III (SCIM-III). Translation, translation synthesis, back-translation, committee review and construct validity were adopted for the cross-cultural adaptation. Construct validity was performed by testing whether the test scores were significantly correlated (Spearman's correlation coefficient) to the subjects' injury level, age, time since injury, body mass index (BMI) and SCIM-III scale. Results: All the AMWC-Brazil's outcomes were significantly correlated with SCIM-III total score and subscales (P ≤ 0.01). However, when the analyses were stratified over injury level, only the TP showed a high correlation between the AMWC-Brazil's outcomes and the SCIM-III. For construct validity, 4 of 5 hypotheses were confirmed. Only BMI was not a significant predictor of the AMWC-Brazil outcomes. Conclusion: The AMWC was successfully translated to the Brazilian-Portuguese (AMWC-Brazil) and presented high and satisfactory construct validity.

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INTRODUCTION: Hypertension is the most prevalent modifiable risk factor with a high prevalence among older adults. Exercise is a nonpharmacological treatment shown to benefit all patients with hypertension. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effects of a 14-week moderate intensity resistance training program (RT) on the maintenance of blood pressure and hand grip strength during an extended detraining period in elderly hypertensive women. METHODS: Twelve hypertensive sedentary elderly women completed 14 weeks of whole body RT at a moderate perceived exertion following a detraining period of 14 weeks. RESULTS: Following the training period, participants demonstrated an increase in absolute hand grip strength (P=0.001), relative hand grip strength (P=0.032) and a decrease of systolic (P=0.001), diastolic (P=0.008), and mean blood pressure (P=0.002) when compared to pre-exercise values. In addition, these effects were sustained after 14 weeks of detraining. CONCLUSION: Resistance training may be a valuable method to improve muscular strength and blood pressure in elderly people with benefits being maintained up to 14 weeks following training cessation.

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INTRODUÇÃO: A proporção entre massa corporal magra e de gordura é um preditor de doenças metabólicas. Assim, quantificar variáveis de composição corporal, iniciando uma análise de valores de referência de acordo com o nível da lesão medular (LM), tornou-se importante para o planejamento e monitoramento de atividades físicas. OBJETIVOS: 1) Determinar valores de referências de somatório de dobras cutâneas (ΣDC) e percentual de gordura em diferentes níveis de LM. 2) Detectar diferenças de composição corporal entre níveis de LM. 3) Correlacionar ΣDC com tempo de lesão e índice de massa corpórea (IMC). MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Setenta e quatro pacientes homens com LM, de 18 a 52 anos, foram divididos em tetraplegia (TT - C4 a C8), paraplegia alta (PPa - T1 a T6) e paraplegia baixa (PPb - T7 a L3). A composição corporal foi avaliada pelas dobras cutâneas. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença significativa entre TT, PPa e PPb para as variáveis tempo de lesão, estatura, massa corporal total, ΣDC, percentual de gordura, massa corporal magra e IMC. Apenas a idade diferenciou entre os grupos TT e PPb (P < 0,05). A variável ΣDC não se correlacionou com o nível de lesão (rho = -0,08; IC95%: -0,537 a 0,420) ou com tempo de lesão (rho = 0,18; IC95%: -0,050 a 0,393). Não houve diferença significativa entre lesão completa e incompleta para todas as variáveis antropométricas. O ΣDC correlacionou-se positivamente com o IMC (rho = 0,68; IC95%: 0,539 a 0,739). CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: TT, PPa e PPb não apresentaram diferenças significativas nos valores de composição corporal. O IMC apresentou boa correlação com ΣDC entre os grupos.

INTRODUCTION: Políticas públicas de promoção de saúde contribuem para encorajar o envelhecimento ativo, com independência, e tem efeitos positivos na qualidade de vida da população idosa. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos de um programa de treinamento fisioterapia de baixa intensidade, realizado em grupo, sobre a qualidade de vida de mulheres da comunidade. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Realizou-se estudo clinico randomi zado. Dezessete mulheres (67,8 ± 4,9 anos de idade) que completaram 12 semanas de treinamento, a dez mulheres (68,9 ± 5,7 anos de idade) que foram incluídas no grupo controle, responderam a versão abreviada do Questionário de Qualidade de Vida da Organização Mundial de Saúde - WHOQOL-bref. O Grupo Exercício realizou treinamento de flexibilidade, resistência e equilíbrio. Análises intragrupo e intergrupo foram feitas por meio dos testes não paramétricos Wilcoxon e Mann-Whitney U, respectivamente. Foi utilizado um nível de significância de 5%. Ainda, foi determinado o Índice de Mudança Confiável segundo o Método JT. RESULTADOS: O grupo treinamento apresentou uma melhora significativa para o domínio psicológico (p = 0,047) e o grupo controle apresentou uma piora significativa para o escore geral (p = 0,01) e os domínios físico (p = 0,01) e psicológico (p = 0,008). Para o grupo de exercícios, no domínio social, duas participantes apresentaram mudança positiva confiável (MPC) e no domínio ambiente, duas participantes. Para o escore geral e domínio físico, três participantes apresentaram MPC. Para o domínio psicológico quatro participantes apresentaram MPC e uma mudança negativa confiável. CONCLUSÃO: Um programa de fisioterapia em grupo pode contribuir para manter a qualidade de vida e melhorar especialmente aspectos psicológicos de mulheres idosas da comunidade.

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Objetivo: analisar os indícios na literatura sobre os efeitos do treinamento resistido como forma de intervenção na reabilitação de pacientescom lesão medular traumática ao longo do tempo. Método: Fontes das informações: uma busca sistematizada da literatura em cinco bancos de dados (MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, IBECS e Biblioteca Cochrane) foi realizada até agosto de 2010. Seleção dos estudos: estudos observacionais e de intervenção que incluíam treinamento resistidoem pessoas com lesão medular traumática. Variáveis analisadas:foram analisados os desfechos de ordem fisiológica (força, potência ecapacidade cardiorrespiratória), escalas funcionais (FIM, WISCI, WUSPI e Berg), velocidade de marcha e percepções subjetivas (melhora de funcionalidade e relato de dores ou lesões). Resultados: foram encontrados 16 artigos que preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Nenhum encontrou qualquer tipo de prejuízo ou lesão para essa população.Oito estudos avaliaram o VO2 e detectaram melhoras significativasentre 10% e 30%. Força e potência foram verificadas em dez estudos,mas a magnitude variou de forma distinta (8% a 34% e 6% a 81%,respectivamente). A análise da resposta favorável do treinamento resistidorelacionada com escalas funcionais (FIM, WISCI, WUSPI e Berg) ou com velocidade de marcha ocorreu em três investigações. Conclusões: em todos os artigos analisados, as respostas decorrentes da intervenção foram positivas e favoráveis à melhora física e funcional aumentando, conseqüentemente, a independência nas atividades diárias. Os autores sugerem a inclusão do treinamento resistido sistematizado na reabilitação de acordo com a demanda diária do indivíduoem prol de um ganho funcional, prevenção de lesões, melhora da saúde e da qualidade de vida.

Objective: to review the evidence in literature on the effects of resistancetraining intervention in the rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injury over time. Method: Data source: a systematic literature search of five databases (MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, IBECS and Cochrane Library) was performed until August 2010. Study selection: observational and intervention studies that included resistance training in people with spinal cord injury. Data extraction: the analyzed outcomes were physiological variables (strength, power and cardiorespiratory capacity),functional scales (FIM, WISCI, WUSPI and Berg), gait speed and subjectiveperceptions (improved functionality and the reporting of pain or injuries).Results: sixteen articles met the inclusion criteria. None reported any damage or injury for this population. Eight studies measured VO2 and found significant improvements of 10% to 30%. Strength and power were analyzed in ten studies, but the magnitude varied in different ways (8% to 34% and 6% to 81%, respectively). The analysis of favorable resistance training response relating to functional scales (FIM, WISCI, WUSPI and Berg) or gait speed occurred in three studies. Conclusion: Inall articles analyzed, responses to intervention were positive and favorableregarding physical improvement and increased functional capacity and, consequently, independence in daily activities. Authors suggest the inclusion of systematic resistance training in rehabilitation, according to the individual’s daily need, in favor of functional improvement, injuryprevention, improved health and quality of life.

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