RESUMO

Graves upper eyelid retraction (GUER) is the most common and characteristic sign of Graves orbitopathy. Despite being well recognized since the 19th century, GUER is still a subject of controversy. We review GUER, including historical aspects, diagnosis, methods of measurements, ocular surface abnormalities, etiology, and medical and surgical treatments. There is no consensus about the mechanisms of its etiology or the best surgical correction. There is a need for quantitative studies on the effects of GUER on lid movements.

Assuntos

Doenças Palpebrais , Oftalmopatia de Graves , Doenças Palpebrais/diagnóstico , Doenças Palpebrais/etiologia , Doenças Palpebrais/terapia , Oftalmopatia de Graves/diagnóstico , Oftalmopatia de Graves/etiologia , Oftalmopatia de Graves/terapia , Humanos