RESUMO
The effect of the phosphorus (P) and glyphosate interactions on the growth and nutrition of Arabica coffee cultivars (Coffea arabica), as well as on the control of Ipomoea grandifolia and Urochloa decumbens, was evaluated. Catuaí-Amarelo/IAC-62 and Catuaí-Vermelho/IAC-144 cultivars did not show glyphosate poisoning, regardless of the soil P content. However, glyphosate reduced the growth of Catuaí-Vermelho/IAC-144. In addition, the soil P content influenced the height, leaf area and dry matter of Catuaí-Amarelo/IAC-62, and the absorption of P and Ca in both cultivars. On the other hand, glyphosate efficiently controlled U. decumbens but not I. grandifolia. Glyphosate effectiveness on I. grandifolia decreased as the soil P content increased. In addition, the soil P content and the glyphosate influenced the P content in I. grandifolia and U. decumbens plants. The soil P content influenced the growth and absorption of other nutrients by coffee plants as well as glyphosate effectiveness on weed control.
RESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the sowing depth and amount of sugarcane straw on the soil on the emergence of Chloris polydactyla (capim-branco) and Eleusine indica (Indian goosegrass) and to determine the efficacy of herbicides applied pre-emergence in the control of these species under different straw amount and rainfall regime conditions. The experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications. In the first experiment, the effects of six sowing depths (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 10 cm) and six sugarcane straw amounts (0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 10 t ha 1) were assessed on the emergence of Indian goosegrass and capim-branco in a 6 x 6 factorial arrangement. In the second experiment, the efficacy in the control of these species was evaluated for one control without herbicide and five treatments (indaziflam, metribuzin, tebuthiuron, indaziflam + metribuzin, and indaziflam + tebuthiuron) applied pre-emergence over four straw amounts (0, 1, 2, and 4 t ha-1) in a 6 x 4 factorial arrangement. This experiment was evaluated under two rainfall regimes in separate experiments (simulation of 20 mm of rainfall 1 or 10 days after herbicide application). The capim-branco showed a marked reduction in emergence beginning at 2 t ha-1 of straw and a 2 cm sowing depth. For the Indian goosegrass, the decline in emergence mainly occurred beginning at 4 t ha-1 of straw and a 4 cm sowing depth. Only some of the Indian goosegrass plants emerged at the greater sowing depths (8 and 10 cm) and straw amounts (8 and 10 t ha-1), whereas no emergence of the capimbranco was observed under these conditions. The treatments with sowing at a 1 cm depth and with 0, 1, 2, and 4 t ha-1 of straw provided the highest emergence percentage for the species. Application of the herbicide indaziflam alone was the only ineffective treatment for the control of the weeds regardless of the amount of straw and the water regime used...
Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar o efeito da profundidade de semeadura e da quantidade de palha de cana-de-açúcar sobre o solo na emergência de Chloris polydactyla (capim-branco) e Eleusine indica (capim pé-de-galinha), assim como determinar a eficácia de herbicidas aplicados em pré-emergência no controle dessas espécies, sob diferentes quantidades de palha e regimes de precipitação pluvial. Os experimentos foram realizados no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. No primeiro experimento foram avaliadas seis profundidades de semeadura (0,5; 1; 2; 4; 8 e 10 cm) e seis quantidades de palha de cana-de-açúcar (0; 1; 2; 4; 8 e 10 t ha-1) na emergência de capim pé-de-galinha e capim-branco, em esquema fatorial 6 x 6. No segundo experimento foi avaliada a eficácia de cinco tratamentos no controle dessas espécies: indaziflam, metribuzin, tebuthiuron, indaziflam + metribuzin e indaziflam + tebuthiuron e uma testemunha sem herbicida, aplicados em pré-emergência sobre quatro quantidades de palha (0; 1; 2 e 4 t ha-1), em esquema fatorial 6 x 4. Este experimento foi avaliado sob dois regimes pluviais em experimentos separados (simulação de chuva de 20 mm a 1 ou 10 dias após a aplicação dos herbicidas). O capim-branco apresentou redução acentuada da emergência a partir de 2 t ha-1 de palha e 2 cm de profundidade de semeadura. Para o capim pé-de-galinha a queda na emergência ocorreu principalmente a partir de 4 t ha-1 de palha e 4 cm de profundidade de semeadura. Apenas algumas plantas do capim pé-de-galinha emergiram nas maiores profundidades de semeadura (8 e 10 cm) e quantidades de palha (8 e 10 t ha-1). Não houve emergência do capim-branco nessas condições. Os tratamentos com semeadura a 1 cm de profundidade e com 0, 1, 2 e 4 t ha-1 foram os que proporcionaram a maior porcentagem de emergência das espécies...
Assuntos
Saccharum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Saccharum/embriologia , EleusineRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the sowing depth and amount of sugarcane straw on the soil on the emergence of Chloris polydactyla (capim-branco) and Eleusine indica (Indian goosegrass) and to determine the efficacy of herbicides applied pre-emergence in the control of these species under different straw amount and rainfall regime conditions. The experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications. In the first experiment, the effects of six sowing depths (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 10 cm) and six sugarcane straw amounts (0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 10 t ha 1) were assessed on the emergence of Indian goosegrass and capim-branco in a 6 x 6 factorial arrangement. In the second experiment, the efficacy in the control of these species was evaluated for one control without herbicide and five treatments (indaziflam, metribuzin, tebuthiuron, indaziflam + metribuzin, and indaziflam + tebuthiuron) applied pre-emergence over four straw amounts (0, 1, 2, and 4 t ha-1) in a 6 x 4 factorial arrangement. This experiment was evaluated under two rainfall regimes in separate experiments (simulation of 20 mm of rainfall 1 or 10 days after herbicide application). The capim-branco showed a marked reduction in emergence beginning at 2 t ha-1 of straw and a 2 cm sowing depth. For the Indian goosegrass, the decline in emergence mainly occurred beginning at 4 t ha-1 of straw and a 4 cm sowing depth. Only some of the Indian goosegrass plants emerged at the greater sowing depths (8 and 10 cm) and straw amounts (8 and 10 t ha-1), whereas no emergence of the capimbranco was observed under these conditions. The treatments with sowing at a 1 cm depth and with 0, 1, 2, and 4 t ha-1 of straw provided the highest emergence percentage for the species. Application of the herbicide indaziflam alone was the only ineffective treatment for the control of the weeds regardless of the amount of straw and the water regime used...(AU)
Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar o efeito da profundidade de semeadura e da quantidade de palha de cana-de-açúcar sobre o solo na emergência de Chloris polydactyla (capim-branco) e Eleusine indica (capim pé-de-galinha), assim como determinar a eficácia de herbicidas aplicados em pré-emergência no controle dessas espécies, sob diferentes quantidades de palha e regimes de precipitação pluvial. Os experimentos foram realizados no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. No primeiro experimento foram avaliadas seis profundidades de semeadura (0,5; 1; 2; 4; 8 e 10 cm) e seis quantidades de palha de cana-de-açúcar (0; 1; 2; 4; 8 e 10 t ha-1) na emergência de capim pé-de-galinha e capim-branco, em esquema fatorial 6 x 6. No segundo experimento foi avaliada a eficácia de cinco tratamentos no controle dessas espécies: indaziflam, metribuzin, tebuthiuron, indaziflam + metribuzin e indaziflam + tebuthiuron e uma testemunha sem herbicida, aplicados em pré-emergência sobre quatro quantidades de palha (0; 1; 2 e 4 t ha-1), em esquema fatorial 6 x 4. Este experimento foi avaliado sob dois regimes pluviais em experimentos separados (simulação de chuva de 20 mm a 1 ou 10 dias após a aplicação dos herbicidas). O capim-branco apresentou redução acentuada da emergência a partir de 2 t ha-1 de palha e 2 cm de profundidade de semeadura. Para o capim pé-de-galinha a queda na emergência ocorreu principalmente a partir de 4 t ha-1 de palha e 4 cm de profundidade de semeadura. Apenas algumas plantas do capim pé-de-galinha emergiram nas maiores profundidades de semeadura (8 e 10 cm) e quantidades de palha (8 e 10 t ha-1). Não houve emergência do capim-branco nessas condições. Os tratamentos com semeadura a 1 cm de profundidade e com 0, 1, 2 e 4 t ha-1 foram os que proporcionaram a maior porcentagem de emergência das espécies...(AU)