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Objetivos: Verificar o conhecimento e habilidades dos profissionais da educação básica sobre suporte básico de vida.Método: O estudo caracterizou-se em uma pesquisa com abordagem quantitativa, transversal e descritiva realizada com 125 profissionais, trabalhadores de escolas de uma cidade de Minas Gerais, no período de janeiro a março de 2021. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de um questionário validado e adaptado para ser usado a partir da plataforma Google Formulários. O projeto de pesquisa foi avaliado e aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da FUNORTE. Resultados: observou-se que os profissionais entrevistados não possuem preparo e/ou treinamento para uma situação de urgência/emergência, demonstraram que sabem detalhar com precisão informações ao serviço especializado. Conclusão: Os profissionais entrevistados não estão aptos para conduzir emergências até a chegada do socorro especializado, necessitando, portanto, de uma qualificação(AU)
Objectives: To verify the knowledge and skills of basic education professionals about basic life support. Method: Thestudy was characterized in a research with a quantitative, transversal and descriptive approach carried out with 125 professionals, school workers in a city in Minas Gerais, in the period from January to March 2021. Data collection was carried out through a questionnaire validated and adapted to be used from the Google Forms platform. The research project was evaluated and approved by the FUNORTE Research Ethics Committee. Results: it was observed that the interviewed professionals do not have preparation and/or training for an urgent/emergency situation, they demonstrated that they know how to accurately detail information to the specialized service. Conclusion: The professionals interviewed are not able to handle emergencies until the arrival of specialized help, therefore, they need qualification.(AU)
Objetivos: Verificar los conocimientos y habilidades de los profesionales de la educacián básica sobre soporte vitalbásico. Método: EI estudio se caracterizá en una investigacián con enfoque cuantitativo, transversal y descriptivo realizada con 125 profesionales, trabajadores escolares de una ciudad de Minas Gerais, en el período de enero a marzo de 2021. La recoleccián de datas se realizá a través de un cuestionario validado. y adaptado para ser utilizado desde la plataforma Google Forms. EI proyecto de investigacián fue evaluado y aprobado por el Comité de Ética en lnvestigacián de FUNORTE. Resultados: se observá que los profesionales entrevistados no cuentan con preparacián y / o capacitacián para una situacián de urgencia / emergencia, demostraron que saben detallar con precisián la informacián ai servicio especializado. Conclusián: Los profesionales entrevistados no están en condiciones de atender emergencias hasta la llegada de ayuda especializada, por lo que necesitan capacitacián(AU)
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Humanos , Criança , Educação em Saúde , Criança , Emergências , Primeiros SocorrosRESUMO
Objetivo: verificar o percentual de acertos dos profissionais da educação, em situações problemas sobre suporte básico de vida. Método: trata-se de uma pesquisa com abordagem quantitativa, transversal com fins descritivos, realizada com 126 funcionários de diversas escolas públicas e privadas de Minas Gerais, no período de janeiro a maio de 2021. A coleta de dados ocorreu a partir de um questionário estruturado e validado, através do Google Forms. A propósito, o estudo foi submetido e aprovado no comitê de ética em pesquisa sob o parecer 3790557. Resultados: constatou-se que 13% dos funcionários declaram que estão preparados para prestar atendimentos de primeiros socorros e 87% afirmam que não estão. Conclusão: fazse necessário a inserção de um projeto de treinamento de primeiros socorros nas escolas é de grande valia, pois visa capacitar os profissionais do sistema de ensino para o atendimento emergencial. E a partir disso, aumentar as chances de sobrevivência, além da promoção e prevenção de acidentes nas escolas(AU)
Objective: to verify the knowledge of education professionals about basic life support. Methodo: this is a research with a quantitative approach, cross-sectional with descriptive purposes, carried out with 127 employees from various public and private schools in Minas Gerais. Data collection occurred from a structured and validated questionnaire, through Google Forms. By the way, the study was submitted and approved by the research ethics committee under opinion 3790557. Results: it was found that 13% of employees declare they are prepared to provide first aid care and 87% say they are not. Conclusion: of a first aid training project in schools is of great value, as it aims to train professionals in the education system for emergency care. And from that, increase the chances of survival, in addition to promoting and preventing accidents in schools.(AU)
Objetivo: verificar el porcentaje de aciertos de los profesionales de la educación en situaciones de problemas de soporte vital básico. Método: se trata de una investigación con enfoque cuantitativo, transversal con fines descriptivos, realizada con 126 empleados de varias escuelas públicas y privadas de Minas Gerais. La recogida de datos se realizó a partir de un cuestionario estructurado y validado a través de Google Forms. Por cierto, el estudio fue presentado y aprobado por el comité de ética en investigación bajo el dictamen 3790557. Resultados: se encontró que el 13% de los empleados declara estar preparado para brindar primeros auxilios y el 87% dice que no. Conclusión: es necesario insertar un proyecto de formación en primeros auxilios en las escuelas es de gran valor, ya que tiene como objetivo formar profesionales en el sistema educativo para la atención de emergencias. Y a partir de eso, aumentar las posibilidades de supervivencia, además de promover y prevenir accidentes en las escuelas(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ensino , Reanimação Cardiopulmonar , Primeiros Socorros , Professores EscolaresRESUMO
Abstract: The Neotropics is one of the most diverse regions of the globe in terms of plants and animal species. Regarding the microbial world, however, little is known about the diversity and biogeography patterns of microorganisms in the Neotropics. The biogeography of several microbial taxonomic groups is still missing and/or incomplete, such as the protists. Despite the hard taxonomic identification of protists, the advance of molecular techniques (e.g., metabarcoding) have allowed to better explore the distribution of several protistan groups. Our goal here was to summarize the available information of Neotropical protists, focusing on metabarcoding studies, to explore what these data evidence on their ecology and biogeography. For this, we reviewed the findings from all articles that focused on or included the terrestrial protists using a metabarcoding approach and identified the gaps and future perspectives in this research field. We found that Neotropical protistan diversity patterns seem to be, at least in part, congruent with that of macro-organisms and, different than plants and bacteria, just weakly explained by environmental variables. We argue that studies with standardized protocols including different ecoregions are necessary, such as temperate forests, grasslands, and savannas from Southern of South America and Northern Atlantic Forest, to fully characterize the ecology and biogeography on Neotropical protists. Furthermore, dismembering evolutionary lineages and functional guilds of protists are important to better understand the relationship between diversity, dispersal abilities, and functionality of particular taxa of protists in their habitats.
Resumo: A região Neotropical é uma das mais diversas regiões do globo em termos de espécies vegetais e animais. Em relação ao mundo microbiano, entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre a diversidade e os padrões biogeográficos dos microrganismos no Neotrópico. Nesse contexto, a biogeografia de diversos grupos taxonômicos microbianos ainda é escasso e/ou incompleto como os protistas, devido à difícil identificação taxonômica de tais microscópicos organismos. Neste contexto, o avanço dos dados moleculares de amostras ambientais (por exemplo, metabarcoding) permitiu explorar a distribuição de vários grupos de protistas. Nosso objetivo aqui foi resumir as informações disponíveis dos protistas neotropicais, com foco em metabarcoding, para explorar o que esses dados evidenciam sobre sua ecologia e biogeografia. Para isso, revisamos os resultados de todos os artigos que enfocavam ou incluíam os protistas terrestres usando uma abordagem de metabarcoding e identificamos as lacunas e as perspectivas futuras neste campo de pesquisa. Os padrões de diversidade dos protistas Neotropicais parecem ser, pelo menos em parte, congruentes com os de macroorganismos e, diferentes das plantas e bactérias, sendo pouco explicados por variáveis ambientais. Estudos com protocolos padronizados incluindo diferentes Ecorregiões são necessários, como em florestas temperadas, campos nativos e savanas no sul da América do Sul e no norte da Mata Atlântica, para melhor caracterizar a ecologia e biogeografia de protistas Neotropicais. Além disso, é importante diferenciar linhagens evolutivas e guildas funcionais de protistas para entender melhor a relação entre diversidade, capacidade de dispersão e funcionalidade de determinados táxons de protistas em seus habitats.
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Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade de vida dos idosos que praticam atividade física. Metodologia: Amostra foi composta por 37 idosos em envelhecimento. Foi aplicado um pré- teste, o mini mental. Os critérios de inclusão e exclusão foram para a obtenção da amostra final, obtida a partir da aplicação do questionário WHOQOL OLD. Foram analisados através do programa EXCEL 2010. Resultados: O estudo mostrou que a prática da atividade física com idosos teve o intuito de uma qualidade de melhor, observando-se que a prevalência é do sexo feminino. Conclusão: Este estudo pode ajudar na elaboração de ações em saúde, a partir da melhor compreensão das questões que influenciam a qualidade de vida dos idosos, devido à diminuição da autoestima
Objective: To evaluate the quality of life of the elderly who practice physical activity. Methodology: The sample was composed by 37 elderly in aging. It was applied a pre-test, the mental mini. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were for the obtaining of the final sample, obtained from of the application of the questionnaire WHOQOL-OLD. They were analysed from EXCEL 2010. Results: The study showed that the practice of physical activity with elderly has had the intent of better quality of life observing that the prevalence is female. Conclusion: This study can help in the development of health actions, from of the best understanding of the questions that influence the elderly life quality, due to decreased self- steem
Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de vida de los ancianos que practican actividad física. Metodología: La muestra fue compuesta por 37 ancianos en envejecimiento. Se aplicó un pre-test, el mini mental. Los criterios de inclusión y exclusión fueron para la obtención de la muestra final, obtenida a partir de la aplicación del cuestionario WHOQOL - OLD. Se analizaron a través del programa EXCEL 2010. Resultados: El estudio mostró que la práctica de la actividad física con ancianos tuvo el propósito de una calida de vida mejor, observándose que la prevalencia es del sexo femenino. Conclusión: Este estudio puede ayudar en la elaboración de acciones en salud, a partir de la mejor comprensión de las cuestiones que influencian la calidad de vida de los ancianos, debido a la disminución de la autoestima
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Qualidade de Vida , Idoso/estatística & dados numéricos , Exercício Físico , Saúde do Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Prospectivos , Envelhecimento SaudávelRESUMO
Este trabalho trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, com delineamento histórico narrativo, desenvolvida no Oeste de Santa Catarina. As informações foram produzidas mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas, aplicadas entre os meses de maio de 2016 a maio de 2017, com quatro enfermeiras que participaram da trajetória da enfermagem na região. O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar em que medida a implantação de cursos superiores de enfermagem e a construção da Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem Seção Santa Catarina (ABEn-SC) Núcleo Chapecó contribuíram para o desenvolvimento da enfermagem no Oeste de Santa Catarina a partir do ponto de vista de protagonistas dessa história. Os resultados demonstram que a criação de cursos superiores de enfermagem e, consequente, incorporação do conhecimento científico à profissão, além da construção da ABEn-SC Núcleo Chapecó, se configuram como marcos históricos para a construção e desenvolvimento da enfermagem nessa região. Nota-se que o Oeste de Santa Catarina enfrentou obstáculos para o desenvolvimento da enfermagem, entretanto, as enfermeiras precursoras dessa história vêm construindo um cenário pautado no cuidado integral e qualificado de enfermagem, o que se deve, sobretudo, ao processo de qualificação da formação profissional e ao fortalecimento das entidades de classe.
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História do Século XX , História da Enfermagem , Associação , Escolas de Enfermagem , EducaçãoRESUMO
In this study, the Reactive Black 5 dye degradation and textile effluent were investigated using the photo-Fenton process employing immobilized Fe(3+) in acetate cellulose films. The films prepared were characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy - energy-dispersive spectroscopy and ultraviolet visible spectroscopy. The factorial design revealed that the best conditions for the Reactive Black 5 dye degradation were obtained using the film containing 5% Fe (w/w), 100 mg L(-1) H2O2 and pH 4.0. In studies using artificial light, the dye degradation was 99.29% and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction was 90% after 45 min of treatment. In the process assisted by sunlight, the degradation was 86% and the COD reduction was 70% considering the same time of treatment. At pH 6.0 and artificial light, the dye degradation was 98.90% and the COD reduction was 78%, indicating that the material prepared can be used at pH values greater than 3 without the occurrence of hydrated ferric oxides precipitation. It was also observed that the material can be reused seven consecutive times without substantial loss of efficacy in dye degradation. Furthermore, the proposed material reduces the COD of a textile effluent by 72% after 300 min of treatment.
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Celulose/análogos & derivados , Naftalenossulfonatos/análise , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos/métodos , Águas Residuárias/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Análise da Demanda Biológica de Oxigênio , Celulose/química , Peróxido de Hidrogênio , Resíduos Industriais , Ferro , Naftalenossulfonatos/química , Luz Solar , Têxteis , Poluentes Químicos da Água/químicaRESUMO
Bipolar disorder is a severe mood disorder with high morbidity and mortality. Despite adequate treatment, patients continue to have recurrent mood episodes, residual symptoms, and functional impairment. Some preclinical studies have shown that histone deacetylase inhibitors may act on depressive-like and manic-like behaviors. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of sodium butyrate (SB) on behavioral changes in animal models of depression and mania. The animals were submitted to protocols of chronic mild stress or maternal deprivation for induction of depressive-like behaviors and subjected to amphetamine, or ouabain administration for induction of manic-like behaviors. SB reversed the depressive-like and manic-like behaviors evaluated in the animal models. From these results we can suggest that SB may be a potential mood stabilizer.
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Antimaníacos/farmacologia , Transtorno Bipolar/tratamento farmacológico , Ácido Butírico/farmacologia , Afeto/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Transtorno Bipolar/fisiopatologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
The rats were subjected to 40 days of stress protocol, during which the sucrose consumption was assessed in rats chronically treated with lamotrigine (20mg/kg) or with saline. The signaling cascade and oxidative stress parameters were assessed in the brain rat. Both control and stressed rats treated with lamotrigine showed an increase on malondialdehyde equivalents (MDA) in the prefrontal cortex, and that there was also an increase in the amygdala of the control rats treated with lamotrigine. The carbonyl protein was increased in the prefrontal cortex of the stressed group treated with saline, however, the lamotrigine treatment reversed this effect. The treatment with lamotrigine increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity (CAT) activities in the amygdala of stressed rats. The protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) was reduced in the amygdala in the stressed group treated with saline or lamotrigine. We suggest that the antidepressant-like effect of lamotrigine on anhedonic behavior may be related at least in part to its effects on the oxidative stress parameters and AKT.
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Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio/farmacologia , Comportamento Exploratório/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Psicológico/fisiopatologia , Triazinas/farmacologia , Tonsila do Cerebelo/efeitos dos fármacos , Tonsila do Cerebelo/metabolismo , Análise de Variância , Animais , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio/uso terapêutico , Catalase/metabolismo , Doença Crônica , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Preferências Alimentares/efeitos dos fármacos , Lamotrigina , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Carbonilação Proteica/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Estresse Psicológico/tratamento farmacológico , Sacarose/administração & dosagem , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Edulcorantes/administração & dosagem , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo , Triazinas/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
A growing body of evidence is pointing toward an association between immune molecules, as well brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the depression. The present study was aimed to evaluate the behavioral and molecular effects of the antidepressant imipramine in maternally deprived adult rats. To this aim, maternally deprived and non-deprived (control group) male rats were treated with imipramine (30mg/kg) once a day for 14 days during their adult phase. Their behavior was then assessed using the forced swimming test. In addition to this, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-1ß cytokines were assessed in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In addition, BDNF protein levels were assessed in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala. In deprived rats treated with saline was observed an increase on immobility time, compared with non-deprived rats treated with imipramine (p<0.05). Deprived rats treated with saline presented a decrease on BDNF levels in the amygdala (p<0.05), compared with all other groups. The IL-10 levels were decreased in the serum (p<0.05). TNF-α and IL-1ß levels were increased in the serum and CSF of deprived rats treated with saline (p<0.05). Interestingly, imipramine treatment reversed the effects of maternal deprivation on BDNF and cytokines levels (p<0.05). Finally, these findings further support a relationship between immune activation, neurotrophins and the depression, and considering the action of imipramine, it is suggested that classic antidepressants could exert their effects by modulating the immune system.
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Antidepressivos Tricíclicos/administração & dosagem , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Imipramina/administração & dosagem , Privação Materna , Análise de Variância , Animais , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Feminino , Masculino , Gravidez , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Trata-se de estudo descritivo/qualitativo, com o objetivo de conhecer a percepção dos enfermeiros com relação à parceria com a pastoral da criança. Para coleta de dados, utilizou-se entrevista semiestruturada e os dados foram analisados através da análise do discurso. A percepção foi considerada relevante ante a viabilidade do acompanhamento intensivo das crianças. As estratégias utilizadas pelas equipes na concretização da parceria foram: reuniões; processos de referência e contrarreferência; educação continuada e pesagem. A parceria mostrou-se relevante e efetiva na promoção da saúde, sobretudo na prevenção e no combate de doenças prevalentes na infância.
This is a descriptive-qualitative study aiming to understand the perception of nurses regarding the partnership with pastoral care of children. For data collection, we used semi structured interviews and data were analyzed using discourse analysis. The perception was considered relevant at the feasibility of intensive monitoring of children. The strategies used by the teams in the implementation of the partnership were: meetings; reference and counter-reference processes, continuing education and weighing. The partnership proved to be relevant and effective in promoting health, particularly in preventing and combating common childhood diseases.
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A growing body of evidence has pointed to a relationship between oxidative stress and depression. Thus, the present study was aimed at evaluating the effects of the antioxidants n-acetylcysteine (NAC), deferoxamine (DFX) or their combination on sweet food consumption and oxidative stress parameters in rats submitted to 40days of exposure to chronic mild stress (CMS). Our results showed that in stressed rats treated with saline, there was a decrease in sweet food intake and treatment with NAC or NAC in combination with DFX reversed this effect. Treatment with NAC and DFX decreased the oxidative damage, which include superoxide and TBARS production in submitochondrial particles, and also thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels and carbonyl proteins in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala and hippocampus. Treatment with NAC and DFX also increased the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase in the same brain areas. Even so, a combined treatment with NAC and DFX produced a stronger increase of antioxidant activities in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala and hippocampus. The results described here indicate that co-administration may induce a more pronounced antidepressant activity than each treatment alone. In conclusion, these results suggests that treatment with NAC or DFX alone or in combination on oxidative stress parameters could have positive effects against neuronal damage caused by oxidative stress in major depressive disorders.
Assuntos
Acetilcisteína/farmacologia , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Desferroxamina/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Animais , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Ratos , Estresse Psicológico/metabolismo , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismoRESUMO
The present study was aimed at investigating the behavioral and molecular effects of tianeptine. To this aim, Wistar rats were treated with tianeptine (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg) or imipramine (30 mg/kg) acutely and chronically. The results showed that both treatments reduced the immobility time. The BDNF levels were increased in the prefrontal cortex with tianeptine and decreased in the nucleus accumbens after acute treatment; in chronic treatment, BDNF levels were increased in the prefrontal and hippocampus with tianeptine. Acute treatment decreased the citrate synthase activity in the prefrontal cortex with tianeptine, and increased it in the amygdala with imipramine; chronic treatment increased the citrate synthase in the hippocampus with tianeptine. The creatine kinase was increased in the prefrontal cortex with tianeptine and in the amygdala with imipramine after acute treatment; chronic treatment increased the creatine kinase activity in the hippocampus with imipramine and tianeptine. The complex I activity was decreased in the prefrontal cortex with imipramine and increased in the hippocampus with tianeptine. The other complexes were increased with imipramine and tianeptine at all doses, but were related to the treatment given and the brain area studied. Chronic treatment increased the malate dehydrogenase activity in the amygdala with tianeptine. Acute treatment decreased the succinate activity in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala with tianeptine; chronic treatment increased the succinate activity in the hippocampus with tianeptine at all doses. In conclusion, tianeptine exerted antidepressant-like behavior which can be attributed to its effects on pathways related to depression, such as BDNF and metabolism energy.
Assuntos
Antidepressivos/farmacologia , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Tiazepinas/farmacologia , Análise de Variância , Animais , Citrato (si)-Sintase , Creatina Quinase , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Complexo de Proteínas da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/metabolismo , Comportamento Exploratório/efeitos dos fármacos , Reação de Congelamento Cataléptica/efeitos dos fármacos , Imipramina/farmacologia , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Natação/psicologiaRESUMO
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is associated with pathological changes in the central nervous system (SNC) as well as alterations in oxidative stress. Thus, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the animal model of diabetes induced by alloxan on memory and oxidative stress. Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats by using a single injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg), and fifteen days after induction, the rats memory was evaluated through the use of the object recognition task. The oxidative stress parameters and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were measured in the rat brain. The results showed that diabetic rats did not have alterations in their recognition memory. However, the results did show that diabetic rats had increases in the levels of superoxide in the prefrontal cortex, and in thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) production in the prefrontal cortex and in the amygdala in submitochondrial particles. Also, there was an increase in protein oxidation in the hippocampus and striatum, and in TBARS oxidation in the striatum and amygdala. The SOD activity was decreased in diabetic rats in the striatum and amygdala. However, the CAT activity was increased in the hippocampus taken from diabetic rats. In conclusion, our findings illustrate that the animal model of diabetes induced by alloxan did not cause alterations in the animals' recognition memory, but it produced oxidants and an imbalance between SOD and CAT activities, which could contribute to the pathophysiology of diabetes.
Assuntos
Aloxano/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Animais , Catalase/biossíntese , Corpo Estriado/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/induzido quimicamente , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Masculino , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Oxidantes/metabolismo , Oxigênio/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Superóxido Dismutase/biossíntese , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Recently, several studies have emerged suggesting a role of the intracellular survival pathways in the treatment of mood disorders. In addition, the beneficial effects of using a combination of antipsychotics and antidepressants have been shown. With this in mind, we evaluated the effects of the acute administration of fluoxetine (FLX), olanzapine (OLZ) and the combination of fluoxetine/olanzapine on the brain-derived-neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cAMP response element-binding (CREB), Protein Kinase B (PKB, Akt), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated death promoter (BAD) in the rat brain. Adult Wistar rats received an acute injection of OLZ (3 or 6 mg/kg) and/or FLX (12.5 or 25 mg/kg), and were evaluated for Akt, BDNF, CREB, Bcl-2 and BAD protein levels in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum. Our results showed that treatment with FLX and OLZ alone or in combination increased the Akt, CREB, BDNF, Bcl-2 and BAD levels in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum. However, the combination of FLX and OLZ at high doses was associated with a greater increase in the levels of Akt in the prefrontal cortex, and did not have an effect on the levels of BAD in any of the brain areas that we evaluated. Finally, these findings further support the hypothesis that treatment with FLX and OLZ alone or in combination exert neuroprotective effects, and that intracellular survival pathways could be involved in the therapeutic effects of combining antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs in mood disorders.
Assuntos
Benzodiazepinas/administração & dosagem , Fluoxetina/administração & dosagem , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/administração & dosagem , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/administração & dosagem , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/metabolismo , Proteína de Ligação ao Elemento de Resposta ao AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Combinação de Medicamentos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Masculino , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Proteína de Morte Celular Associada a bcl/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: A growing body of evidence has shown an association between diabetes and depression, as well a role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in diabetes and depression. The present study was designed to evaluate the behavioural and molecular effects of the anti-depressant imipramine in diabetic rats. METHODS: To this aim, after induction of diabetes by alloxan (150 mg/kg), Wistar rats were treated with imipramine (30 mg/kg) once a day for 14 days and then subjected to behavioural tests. BDNF was then assessed in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala. RESULTS: In diabetic rats treated with saline, we observed an increase in the immobility time, compared with control rats treated with saline. Treatment with imipramine decreased the immobility time in nondiabetic and diabetic rats, compared with both nondiabetic and diabetic rats treated with saline. In the open-field test, it was observed that treatment with imipramine reduced the number of crossings the diabetic rats performed, compared with nondiabetic rats treated with saline. The number of rearings did not alter in any of the groups. Diabetic rats injected with saline did not show altered BDNF levels in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus or amygdala, but interestingly, the treatment with imipramine in diabetic animals increased BDNF levels in the prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, this study demonstartes a link between diabetes and depression in rats and that imipramine exerted antidepressant effects in diabetic animals.
Assuntos
Antidepressivos/uso terapêutico , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Transtorno Depressivo/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicações , Imipramina/uso terapêutico , Aloxano , Tonsila do Cerebelo/efeitos dos fármacos , Tonsila do Cerebelo/metabolismo , Animais , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/metabolismo , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Masculino , Córtex Pré-Frontal/efeitos dos fármacos , Córtex Pré-Frontal/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Lamotrigine is an anticonvulsant and has an antiglutamatergic action, which may contribute to its antidepressant effects, since glutamate has been linked to depression. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the behavioral and molecular effects of lamotrigine treatment in maternally deprived rats. To this aim, deprived and non-deprived male rats were treated with lamotrigine (20 mg/kg) once a day for 14 days during their adult phase. Their behavior was then assessed in the forced swimming and open field tests. In addition to this, the BDNF and NGF levels were assessed in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala. In the course of this study we demonstrated that maternally deprived rats treated with saline and lamotrigine showed an increase in their immobility time and a decrease in the climbing and swimming times when compared with non-deprived rats treated with saline alone. Treatment with lamotrigine reversed the increase in the immobility time in the deprived rats. The BDNF levels were decreased in the amygdala in deprived rats treated with saline, and treatment with lamotrigine reversed this decrease. The NGF levels were decreased in the hippocampus in deprived rats treated with saline, but treatment with lamotrigine did not reverse this decrease. In conclusion, lamotrigine showed antidepressant effects in the forced swimming test, and it presented positive effects on the BDNF protein levels in the amygdala of maternally deprived rats.
Assuntos
Antidepressivos/farmacologia , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Depressão/etiologia , Triazinas/farmacologia , Tonsila do Cerebelo/efeitos dos fármacos , Tonsila do Cerebelo/metabolismo , Animais , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/deficiência , Depressão/metabolismo , Depressão/psicologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Lamotrigina , Masculino , Privação Materna , Fator de Crescimento Neural/metabolismo , Córtex Pré-Frontal/efeitos dos fármacos , Córtex Pré-Frontal/metabolismo , Gravidez , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
The present study was aimed to investigate the behavioral and molecular effects of lamotrigine. To this aim, Wistar rats were treated with lamotrigine (10 and 20 mg/kg) or imipramine (30 mg/kg) acutely and chronically. The behavior was assessed using forced swimming test. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), Proteina Kinase B (PKB, AKT), glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) levels, citrate synthase, creatine kinase and mitochondrial chain (I, II, II-III and IV) activities were assessed in the brain. The results showed that both treatments reduced the immobility time. The BDNF were increased in the prefrontal after acute treatment with lamotrigine (20 mg/kg), and the BDNF and NGF were increased in the prefrontal after chronic treatment with lamotrigine in all doses. The AKT increased and Bcl-2 and GSK-3 decreased after both treatments in all brain areas. The citrate synthase and creatine kinase increased in the amygdala after acute treatment with imipramine. Chronic treatment with imipramine and lamotrigine (10 mg/kg) increased the creatine kinase in the hippocampus. The complex I was reduced and the complex II, II-III and IV were increased, but related with treatment and brain area. In conclusion, lamotrigine exerted antidepressant-like, which can be attributed to its effects on pathways related to depression, such as neurotrophins, metabolism energy and signaling cascade.
Assuntos
Antidepressivos/farmacologia , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de Crescimento Neural/metabolismo , Triazinas/farmacologia , Animais , Antidepressivos/administração & dosagem , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/metabolismo , Quinase 3 da Glicogênio Sintase/metabolismo , Lamotrigina , Masculino , Fator de Crescimento Neural/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Triazinas/administração & dosagem , Triazinas/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Evidence is emerging for a role for neurotrophins in the treatment of mood disorders. In this study, we evaluated the effects of chronic administration of fluoxetine, olanzapine and the combination of fluoxetine/olanzapine on the brain-derived-neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) in the rat brain. Wistar rats received daily injections of olanzapine (3 or 6 mg/kg) and/or fluoxetine (12.5 or 25mg/kg) for 28 days, and we evaluated for BDNF, NGF and NT-3 protein levels in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala. Our results showed that treatment with fluoxetine and olanzapine alone or in combination did not alter BDNF in the prefrontal cortex (p=0.37), hippocampus (p=0.98) and amygdala (p=0.57) or NGF protein levels in the prefrontal cortex (p=0.72), hippocampus (p=0.23) and amygdala (p=0.64), but NT-3 protein levels were increased by olanzapine 6 mg/kg/fluoxetine 25mg/kg combination in the prefrontal cortex (p=0.03), in the hippocampus (p=0.83) and amygdala (p=0.88) NT-3 protein levels did not alter. Finally, these findings further support the hypothesis that NT-3 could be involved in the effect of treatment with antipsychotic and antidepressant combination in mood disorders.
Assuntos
Benzodiazepinas/farmacologia , Fluoxetina/farmacologia , Neurotrofina 3/biossíntese , Córtex Pré-Frontal/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação para Cima/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação para Cima/fisiologia , Animais , Antipsicóticos/farmacologia , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Quimioterapia Combinada/métodos , Masculino , Neurotrofina 3/metabolismo , Olanzapina , Córtex Pré-Frontal/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/farmacologiaRESUMO
A growing body of evidence has pointed to the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of major depression. The present study investigated the possibility of synergistic interactions between antidepressant imipramine with the uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine. Wistar rats were acutely treated with ketamine (5 and 10mg/kg) and imipramine (10 and 20mg/kg) and then subjected to forced swimming tests. The cAMP response element bindig (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein levels and protein kinase C (PKC) and protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation were assessed in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala by imunoblot. Imipramine at the dose of 10mg/kg and ketamine at the dose of 5mg/kg did not have effect on the immobility time; however, the effect of imipramine (10 and 20mg/kg) was enhanced by both doses of ketamine. Ketamine and imipramine alone or in combination at all doses tested did not modify locomotor activity. Combined treatment with ketamine and imipramine produced stronger increases of CREB and BDNF protein levels in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala, and PKA phosphorylation in the hippocampus and amygdala and PKC phosphorylation in prefrontal cortex. The results described indicate that co-administration of antidepressant imipramine with ketamine may induce a more pronounced antidepressant activity than treatment with each antidepressant alone. This finding may be of particular importance in the case of drug-resistant patients and could suggest a method of obtaining significant antidepressant actions whilst limiting side effects.
Assuntos
Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteína de Ligação ao Elemento de Resposta ao AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinases Dependentes de AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Depressão/tratamento farmacológico , Imipramina/uso terapêutico , Ketamina/uso terapêutico , Proteína Quinase C/metabolismo , Animais , Antidepressivos/administração & dosagem , Antidepressivos/farmacologia , Antidepressivos/uso terapêutico , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Depressão/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Imipramina/administração & dosagem , Imipramina/farmacologia , Resposta de Imobilidade Tônica/efeitos dos fármacos , Ketamina/administração & dosagem , Ketamina/farmacologia , Atividade Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Fosforilação , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
The present study was aimed to evaluate the behavioral and molecular effects of maternal deprivation in adult rats. To this aim, male rats deprived and non-deprived were assessed in the forced swimming and open-field tests in adult phase. In addition adrenocorticotrophin hormone (ACTH) levels was assessed in serum and brain-derived-neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and nerve growth factor (NGF) protein levels were assessed in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala. We observed that maternal deprivation increased immobility time, and decreased climbing time, without affecting locomotor activity. ACTH circulating levels were increased in maternal deprived rats. Additionally, BDNF protein levels were reduced in the amygdala and NT-3 and NGF were reduced in both hippocampus and amygdala in maternal deprived rats, compared to control group. In conclusion, our results support the idea that behavioral, ACTH circulating levels and neurotrophins levels altered in maternal deprivation model could contribute to stress-related diseases, such as depression.