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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the Candida krusei and Candida albicans biofilm formation abilities on 5 different types of contact lenses and compare their metabolic activities and biomass. Methods: After biofilm formation by both the test species, their metabolic activity was assessed by the 2,3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide reduction assay with menadione, while the biomass was determined by staining with 0.4% crystal violet dye for further statistical analysis. Results: Both the Candida species could form biofilms on different types of contact lenses, with greater metabolic activities and lower biomass formation in rigid gas permeable lenses. Conclusion: Biofilm formation with greater metabolic activity and greater biomass were expected on soft contact lenses considering their surface hydrophobicity. However, the results demonstrated a greater metabolic activity on rigid contact lenses. This result has a great significance with regards to the increasing risk of microbial keratitis, although further studies are warranted to better elucidate the formation of biofilms on different types of contact lens materials in the future.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a capacidade de formação de biofilmes de Candida krusei e Candida albicans em cinco tipos de lentes de contato, comparando atividade metabólica e biomassa dos mesmos. Métodos: Após a formação de biofilme de ambas as espécies, a atividade metabólica foi avaliada por ensaio de redução 2,3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide com Menadiona, e a biomassa foi avaliada por coloração com Cristal Violeta 0,4% para posterior análise estatística. Resultados: Ambas as espécies de Candida foram capazes de formar biofilmes nos diferentes tipos de lentes de contato, havendo em lentes rígidas gás permeável maior atividade metabólica e menor biomassa formada. Conclusão: Esperava-se a obtenção de biofilmes de maior atividade metabólica e maior biomassa em lentes de contato gelatinosas com base no fundamento da Hidrofobicidade Superficial. Porém, o resultado apontou para maior atividade metabólica em lentes de contato rígidas. Apesar de observados resultados significativos, trata-se de um assunto de grande importância frente ao aumento do número de ceratites microbianas, mostrando-se necessários outros estudos para melhor elucidar a formação de biofilmes em diferentes tipos de materiais de lentes de contato.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the Candida krusei and Candida albicans biofilm formation abilities on 5 different types of contact lenses and compare their metabolic activities and biomass. METHODS: After biofilm formation by both the test species, their metabolic activity was assessed by the 2,3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide reduction assay with menadione, while the biomass was determined by staining with 0.4% crystal violet dye for further statistical analysis. RESULTS: Both the Candida species could form biofilms on different types of contact lenses, with greater metabolic activities and lower biomass formation in rigid gas permeable lenses. CONCLUSION: Biofilm formation with greater metabolic activity and greater biomass were expected on soft contact lenses considering their surface hydrophobicity. However, the results demonstrated a greater metabolic activity on rigid contact lenses. This result has a great significance with regards to the increasing risk of microbial keratitis, although further studies are warranted to better elucidate the formation of biofilms on different types of contact lens materials in the future.
Assuntos
Candida albicans , Lentes de Contato Hidrofílicas , Antifúngicos , Biofilmes , Candida , Humanos , PichiaRESUMO
Beaches with monazitic sands show high natural radiation, and the knowledge of this radiation is fundamental to simulate the effects of natural terrestrial radiation on biological systems. Monazite-rich sand from a beach in the southeastern Brazil were collected and analyzed by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and magnetic susceptibility. The natural terrestrial radiation of the beach sand showed a positive correlation with the Th and Y elements, which are closely associated with Ce, Nd, Ca, and P, suggesting that this grouping is mainly associated with local natural radiation. Based on the sand characterization, a physical simulator of natural gamma radiation was built with parameters similar to those of the monazite beach sand, considering areas with high natural radiation levels. The simulation revealed that the natural radiation of the monazite sands has a significant effect on reducing the growth of the bacteria strains of E. coli and S. aureus present in the beach sand, with a reduction of 23.8% and 18.4%, respectively.
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Escherichia coli , Areia , Bactérias , Praias , Brasil , Metais Terras Raras , Dióxido de Silício , Staphylococcus aureusRESUMO
O artigo é parte do resultado de uma tese de doutorado e tem como objetivo identificar e analisar a presença do preconceito nos espaços acadêmicos onde o ProUni está presente, para, a partir da análise apresentada, defender a tese de que o ProUni, ao mesmo tempo em que busca reparar a ausência histórica da classe trabalhadora no Ensino Superior brasileiro, acaba por revelar as desigualdades sociais manifestas pelo preconceito nas vivências universitárias. Para o desenvolvimento de uma estrutura argumentativa que defenda a tese foi necessário um mapeamento e caracterização dos ProUnistas a partir de um questionário online, além de duas entrevistas em profundidade que aconteceram de forma individual. Sabe-se que o preconceito na sociedade existe, assim como nas Instituições de Ensino Superior privadas, porém não é dimensionado ainda como esse preconceito influencia a vivência do estudante durante sua graduação; para isso utilizamos o método quantitativo e a análise construtivo-interpretativa. Conclui-se que apesar do ProUni dar acesso à classe trabalhadora ao Ensino Superior, o preconceito vivenciado durante a graduação ainda é bastante velado, prejudicando o cotidiano desses estudantes, sendo uma fonte de sofrimento psíquico. Necessita-se de um trabalho profundo da psicologia no ensino superior para auxiliar as Instituições de Ensino Superior na integração desses estudantes na comunidade universitária, além de auxiliá-los no enfrentamento ao preconceito nas vivências universitárias. (AU)
This paper is part of a doctoral thesis that aimed to identify and analyze the presence of prejudice in the academic spaces where ProUni (Program University for All) is existence, to defend the thesis: the ProUni, at the same time as it seeks to repair the historical absence of the working class in Brazilian Higher Education, reveals the social inequalities manifested by prejudice in university experiences. For the development of an argumentative structure that defends the thesis it was necessary to map and characterize the students of ProUni from an online questionnaire, besides two in-depth interviews that happened individually. It is known that prejudice in society exists, as well as in private Higher Educations Institutions, but it isn't considered how this prejudice influences the student's experience during his/her graduation, therefore, it was used the quantitative method and the constructive-interpretative analysis. It is concluded that although the ProUni gives access for the working class to Higher Education, the prejudice experienced during graduation is still quite veiled, damaging the daily life of these students, being a source of psychic suffering. A deep work of psychology in higher education is needed to assist the Higher Educations Institutions in the integration of these students in the university community, as well as to help them cope with prejudice in university experiences. (AU)
Este artículo es parte de una tesis de doctorado que tuvo como objetivo identificar y analizar la presencia del preconcepto en los espacios académicos donde el ProUni (Programa Universidad para todos) está presente, para, a partir del análisis presentado, defender la tesis de que el ProUni, al mismo tiempo que busca reparar la ausencia histórica de la clase obrera en la Enseñanza Superior Brasileña, acaba por revelar las desigualdades sociales manifestadas por el preconcepto en las vivencias universitarias Para el desarrollo de una estructura argumentativa que defienda la tesis fue necesario un mapeo y caracterización de los becarios del ProUni a partir de un cuestionario online, además de dos entrevistas en profundidad que ocurrieron de forma individual. Se sabe que el preconcepto en la sociedad existe, así como en las Instituciones de Enseñanza Superior privadas, pero no es dimensionado todavía como ese preconcepto influye en la vivencia del estudiante durante su graduación, por lo tanto, para ello utilizamos el método cuantitativo y el análisis constructivo-interpretativo. Se concluye que a pesar del ProUni dar acceso a la clase trabajadora a la Enseñanza Superior el preconcepto vivido durante la graduación todavía es bastante velado, perjudicando el cotidiano de esos estudiantes, siendo una fuente de sufrimiento psíquico. Se necesita un trabajo profundo de la psicología en la enseñanza superior para auxiliar a las Instituciones de Enseñanza Superior en la integración de esos estudiantes en la comunidad universitaria, además de auxiliarlos en el enfrentamiento del preconcepto en las vivencias universitarias. (AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Preconceito/prevenção & controle , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Universidades , Estudantes/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Política de Educação Superior , Bolsas de Estudo , Relações InterpessoaisRESUMO
ABSTRACT Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) is characterized by the development of venous and/or arterial thrombosis and by gestational morbidity (recurrent fetal losses) in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. We report the case of a 38-year-old woman who was diagnosed with primary APS from thromboembolic abnormalities in the retinal periphery that led to retinal ischemia. The aim of this study is to share with physicians and medical undergraduates an atypical manifestation of the syndrome that is the most common acquired thrombophilia, that should be part of the diagnostic routine of all clinical specialties.
RESUMO A síndrome do anticorpo antifosfolipídio (SAAF) caracteriza-se pelo desenvolvimento de tromboses venosas e/ou arteriais e pela morbidade gestacional (perdas fetais recorrentes) na presença de anticorpos antifosfolipídicos. Foi relatado o caso de uma paciente de 38 anos que foi diagnosticada com SAAF primária, a partir de alterações tromboembólicas na periferia da retina, que levaram à isquemia retiniana. O objetivo desse estudo é compartilhar com médicos e acadêmicos de medicina uma manifestação atípica da síndrome que é a trombofilia adquirida mais comum, devendo fazer parte da rotina diagnóstica de todas as especialidades clínicas.
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Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Doenças Retinianas/etiologia , Síndrome Antifosfolipídica/complicações , Isquemia/etiologia , Doenças Retinianas/diagnóstico , Vasos Retinianos/patologia , Trombose , Angiofluoresceinografia , Inibidor de Coagulação do Lúpus , Síndrome Antifosfolipídica/diagnóstico , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Isquemia/diagnósticoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To compare the posttraining recovery timeline of elite Brazilian futsal athletes before (Pre-PS) and after 10 weeks of the preseason (Post-PS) period of high-intensity technical-tactical training. METHODS: At the start (n = 13) and at the end of the preseason (n = 7), under-20 male futsal players undertook fitness testing for maximal aerobic power, the countermovement jump (CMJ), and the 10-m sprint with change of direction. Furthermore, at both Pre-PS and Post-PS, the players participated in a training session where performance and psychophysiological measures were recorded before, immediately, 3, 24, and 48 hours postsession. The measures included CMJ, 10-m sprint, creatine kinase, Total Quality Recovery Scale, and Brunel Mood Scale. Effect size (ES) analyses compared fitness and posttraining recovery values for each parameter at Pre-PS versus Post-PS. RESULTS: Only trivial ES (-0.02 to 0.11) was evident in maximal aerobic power, CMJ, and 10-m sprint at Post-PS compared with Pre-PS. For the timeline of recovery, only trivial and small ESs were evident for the 10-m sprint (-0.12 to 0.49), though CMJ recovery was improved at 3 hours (0.87) and 48 hours (1.27) at Post-PS and creatine kinase was lower at 48 hours (-1.33) at Post-PS. Perception of recovery was improved in Post-PS at 3 hours (1.50) and 24 hours postsession (0.92). Furthermore, perception of effort was lower immediately after the session (-0.29), fatigue was lower at 3 hours (-0.63), and vigor responses were improved in all postseason assessments (0.59 to 1.13). CONCLUSION: Despite minimal changes in fitness, preseason training attenuated players' perception of effort and fatigue and improved their recovery profile following a high-intensity technical-tactical training session.
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Desempenho Atlético , Futebol , Brasil , Fadiga , Humanos , Masculino , PercepçãoRESUMO
ABSTRACT Juvenile xanthogranuloma is a rare benign non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Clinical manifestation usually occurs up to the age of 2 years, with yellowish papules and variable clinical progression. Approximately 0.75% of patients had systemic involvement and 0.25%, ocular alterations. The purpose of this report is to describe a case of a preschool 2-year-old female patient, with nodules in the upper right eyelid, 0.5-cm wide, with well-defined edges, an uncertain date of onset, a stable growth for 6 months, with no inflammatory signs, pruritus, pain, bleeding, or other similar lesions in the body. No further changes were observed in the physical examination. Histopathological examination of the specimen showed a skin lesion with histiocytoid, spindle-shaped cells and xanthomized cells, inflammatory infiltrate and numerous Touton giant cells. The result was compatible with diagnosis of juvenile xanthogranuloma. Therefore, the importance of including juvenile xanthogranuloma in the differential diagnosis of eyelid lesions is emphasized, especially in children.
RESUMO O xantogranuloma juvenil é uma patologia histiocítica benigna rara. A manifestação clínica ocorre geralmente até os 2 anos de idade com pápulas amareladas e evolução clínica variável. Cerca de 0,75% dos pacientes apresentaram comprometimento sistêmico e 0,25%, comprometimento ocular. O objetivo deste relato é descrever o caso de uma pré-escolar de 2 anos do sexo feminino, com nodulação em pálpebra superior direita, 0,5cm de base e bordos bem definidos, data de início não estimada, mas crescimento estável há 6 meses, sem sinais flogísticos, prurido, dor, sangramentos ou outras lesões similares no corpo. Sem mais alterações ao exame físico. A análise histopatológica da peça evidenciou lesão cutânea com células histiocitoides, fusiformes e outras xantomizadas; infiltrado inflamatório de permeio e numerosas células gigantes do tipo Touton, resultado compatível com o diagnóstico de xantogranuloma juvenil. Assim, ressalta-se a importância da inclusão do xantogranuloma juvenil no diagnóstico diferencial de lesões palpebrais, especialmente em crianças.
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Humanos , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Xantogranuloma Juvenil/diagnóstico , Xantogranuloma Juvenil/patologia , Doenças Palpebrais/patologia , Dermatopatias/patologia , Biópsia , Histiocitose de Células não Langerhans/patologiaRESUMO
Resumo Este estudo visa evidenciar os esforços empreendidos pelos Tribunais de Contas (TCs) brasileiros no período de pandemia do coronavírus a fim de colaborar com seus jurisdicionados, seus servidores e a sociedade para o enfrentamento de seus efeitos. Realizou-se pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, por meio de análise das legislações emitidas pelos TCs, para avaliação das ações tomadas por eles. Entre os achados, destacam-se as ações de âmbito interno e pedagógicas empreendidas na forma de medidas destinadas ao público externo (como a limitação no atendimento presencial), à suspensão de eventos coletivos, de reuniões presenciais e viagens, à adoção de teletrabalho, ao contingenciamento de despesas, cursos à distância etc. Entre as ações processuais, destacam-se as suspensões de Sessões Plenárias ou das Câmaras, dos prazos processuais e da remessa das prestações de contas. Por fim, no tocante às ações orientativas e de monitoramento empreendidas pelos TCs, constatou-se que foi elaborada uma série de diretrizes e recomendações em relação às práticas adotadas pelos órgãos de controle externo de modo colaborativo aos demais poderes, de modo orientar os gastos públicos, a aquisição e a contratação de serviços com dispensa de licitação, entre outros riscos. Conclui-se que o conjunto de medidas implementadas pelos TCs demonstra mudança no status tradicional de controle posterior das contas públicas, que enseja uma atuação punitiva para um controle prévio e concomitante, por meio de recomendações, fiscalizações e monitoramento, quando o gestor ainda dispõe de instrumentos para corrigir eventuais erros e evitar o desperdício e a má aplicação do recurso público.
Resumen Este estudio tiene como objetivo evidenciar los esfuerzos realizados por los Tribunales de Cuentas (TC) brasileños en el período de la pandemia de coronavirus para colaborar con sus jurisdiccionales, funcionarios y la sociedad para enfrentar sus efectos. Se realizó una investigación descriptiva con enfoque cualitativo mediante el análisis de la legislación emitida por los TC para evaluar las acciones tomadas por los estos. Entre los resultados, se destacan las acciones administrativas y pedagógicas emprendidas en forma de medidas dirigidas al público externo, como la limitación en el servicio presencial, la suspensión de eventos colectivos, de reuniones presenciales y viajes; la adopción del teletrabajo, la restricción de gastos, y cursos de aprendizaje a distancia. Entre las acciones procesales están las suspensiones de sesiones plenarias o cámaras, de plazos procesales y de envío de las prestaciones de cuentas. Finalmente, con respecto a las acciones de orientación y supervisión emprendidas por los TC, se constató la elaboración de una serie de directrices y recomendaciones con relación a las prácticas adoptadas por los organismos de control externo de manera colaborativa con los otros poderes, a los efectos de orientar el gasto público, la adquisición y contratación de servicios sin licitación, entre otros riesgos. Se concluye que el conjunto de medidas implementadas por los TC muestra un cambio en el estatus tradicional: del control posterior de las cuentas públicas ‒ que da lugar a acciones punitivas ‒ hacia el control previo y concomitante, a través de recomendaciones, inspecciones y monitoreo, cuando el administrador tiene los instrumentos para corregir eventuales errores y evitar el desperdicio y la mala utilización de los recursos públicos.
Abstract This study aims to highlight the efforts made by the Brazilian Courts of Accounts (CAs) during the COVID-19 pandemic to collaborate with its jurisdictional authorities, civil servants, and society to face its effects. Descriptive and qualitative research was carried out, analyzing the legislation issued by the CAs to evaluate their actions. Among the findings, it was observed that the CAs took administrative and pedagogical measures to protect the public, such as the suspension or restriction of face-to-face service. Also, the courts suspended collective events, face-to-face meetings, and travel, adopted telework, limited expenditures and distance learning courses. Among the procedural measures, Plenary Sessions or Chambers, procedural deadlines, and remittance of accounts were suspended. Finally, the activities of guidance and monitoring were conducted under a series of guidelines and recommendations created collaboratively with other agencies and branches of government, guiding public spending, the acquisition and contracting of services with no bidding requirements, among other procedures. It is concluded that the set of measures implemented by the CAs shows a change in the traditional status of subsequent control of public accounts - which gives rise to punitive action - for prior and concurrent control, with recommendations, inspections, and monitoring, when the manager still has instruments to amend errors and avoid waste and misapplication of public resources.
Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus , Gestão em Saúde , Normas Jurídicas , Poder Legislativo , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Gastos Públicos com SaúdeRESUMO
In January 2019, the state of Minas Gerais experienced another environmental disaster with the collapse of a mining dam near the city of Brumadinho. This disaster has resulted in 256 deaths and 14 people still missing. Toxic mud has contaminated the Paraopeba River resulting in significant fish and wildlife deaths in the river and surrounding areas. The effect of environmental disasters such as this is felt across multiple sectors damaging ecosystems in agriculture, wildlife and human communities. Environmental disasters cause significant disruption of ecosystems, flooding, contamination of water supplies, and displacement of human populations, which can result in increases in transmission and outbreaks of mosquito-borne and zoonotic diseases that can become a serious and long-term public health problem for the region.
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Doenças Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Desastres , Mineração , Rios , Brasil , Cidades , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Ecossistema , Monitoramento Ambiental , Humanos , Poluentes Químicos da ÁguaRESUMO
The observational data described here was collected between 28 February 2011 and 30 November 2015. The data analysis and interpretation were published in the article "Surface radiation balance and weather conditions on a non-glaciated coastal area in the Antarctic region" [1]. An instrumented tower located on the non-glaciated coastal area of the of the Brazilian Antarctic Comandante Ferraz Station, at King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula was used. It was collected data of air temperature and relative humidity, wind speed and direction, barometric pressure, incident and reflected shortwave radiation, longwave radiation emitted by atmosphere and by surface, and net radiation with a sampling frequency of 0.1 Hz. The data was stored as 5-min averages and automatically transmitted to the Air-Sea Interaction Laboratory, at the University of São Paulo, Brazil. The dataset is hosted in the Mendeley repository.
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ABSTRACT Objective: The goal of the study is to analyze the color vision acuity pattern in undergraduates of health courses and to discuss the impact of these diseases in this population. Color deficiencies interfere significantly in the daily routine of professionals in the health area who need to discern different color hues in several situations of their everyday practice. Methods: Sixty-four volunteers, undergraduates of health courses of the Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), participated in the study. One man was excluded because he did not fit the inclusion criteria. Two groups were analyzed according to sex with the Farnsworth Munsell 100-Hue test. Results: There were no significant differences between the eyes and between the groups analyzed. The color vision acuity pattern is between 35 and 40, according to the Total Error Score. The gender issue does not influence the general pattern of the color vision acuity of the health courses undergraduates when those with color vision disorders are removed. Conclusion: Screenings and guidance should be given to undergraduates of health courses so that, aware of their condition of presenting some type of color disorder, they shall make the appropriate decision on which career to follow so that such limitation does not interfere with the quality of their daily life.
RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo é analisar a acuidade visual média para cores de estudantes da área de saúde e discutir o impacto das doenças que a afetam nessa população. Deficiências cromáticas interferem de forma significativa no dia a dia de profissionais da área da saúde que necessitam de discernir diferentes matizes em diversas situações de sua prática profissional. Métodos: Participaram da pesquisa 64 voluntários, estudantes de cursos da área de saúde da Universidade Federal de Alfenas, sendo que 1 homem foi excluído por não se adequar aos critérios de inclusão. Dois grupos foram analisados, de acordo com o sexo, com o teste de Farnsworth Munsell 100-Hue. Resultados: Não houve diferenças significativas entre os olhos e entre os grupos analisados. O padrão de visão de cores encontra-se entre 35 e 40, de acordo com a Pontuação do Erro Total. A questão de gênero não influencia no padrão geral da qualidade de visão de cores de estudantes da área de saúde, quando retirados aqueles que apresentam distúrbios da visão cromática. Conclusão: Devem ser realizadas triagens e orientação para estudantes de cursos da área de saúde para que, cientes da sua condição de apresentar algum tipo de distúrbio cromático, possam tomar a decisão adequada sobre qual carreira seguir para que tal limitação não interfira na qualidade de sua vida diária.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estudantes de Ciências da Saúde , Defeitos da Visão Cromática/diagnóstico , Defeitos da Visão Cromática/epidemiologia , Pessoal de Saúde , Testes de Percepção de Cores/métodos , Competência Profissional , Qualidade de Vida , Escolas para Profissionais de Saúde , Acuidade Visual , Seleção Visual , Defeitos da Visão Cromática/psicologia , Diagnóstico por Computador/métodos , Percepção de Cores/fisiologia , Visão de Cores/fisiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Follow-up studies of girls with premature adrenarche have reported the development of polycystic ovary syndrome, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia and a propensity to cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of these conditions in patients previously treated at the Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro. METHODS: A total of 130 medical records reported premature adrenarche. One hundred and twenty-two patients were invited to participate, of whom 54 accepted; 34 patients were selected, as they had reached their final height. Anthropometric, blood glucose, insulin, and lipid and hormonal profile (LH, FSH, estradiol, 17α-OH-progesterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, testosterone) data were obtained, the HOMA-IR index was calculated, and pelvic ultrasonography was performed. To characterize polycystic ovary syndrome and metabolic syndrome, the Rotterdam and International Diabetes Federation criteria, respectively, were used. Data were analyzed according to measures of dispersion, frequency and correlations of interest. RESULTS: The age of the participants ranged from 15.2 to 28.2 years/months; 23.5% of the patients were overweight, 11.8% were obese, 29.4% had a large waist circumference, and 8.8% were hypertensive. None of the patients had altered glucose levels, and insulin levels and HOMA-IR were elevated in 29.4% and 38.2% of the participants, respectively; 14.7% of the patients exhibited acanthosis nigricans. The lipid profiles of the participants were variable, and one patient (2.9%) had metabolic syndrome. Polycystic ovary syndrome was found in 41.2% of patients. CONCLUSION: The percentage of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome who also had overweight, obesity and insulin resistance corroborates the literature data about the need for follow-up aiming at interventions, especially for conditions associated with cardiometabolic risk.
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Adrenarca/metabolismo , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/etiologia , Puberdade Precoce/complicações , Puberdade Precoce/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/metabolismo , Colesterol/sangue , Dislipidemias/etiologia , Dislipidemias/metabolismo , Feminino , Hormônios/sangue , Humanos , Resistência à Insulina , Síndrome Metabólica/etiologia , Síndrome Metabólica/metabolismo , Sobrepeso/etiologia , Sobrepeso/metabolismo , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/metabolismo , Valores de Referência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Esse artigo pretende apresentar um breve ensaio sobre a relação entre Psicologia e Educação, a partir de Martín-Baró e Paulo Freire, no Brasil, como uma referência de rompimento com o modelo tradicional predominante para a área, ao mesmo tempo que pretende discutir a importância da formação crítica em Psicologia, em especial no campo educativo e as demandas e desafios a serem enfrentados no plano técnico e político na inserção de psicólogos na rede educacional pública.(AU)
This article intends to present a brief essay about the relation between Psychology and Education, starting from Martín-Baró and Paulo Freire, in Brazil, as a reference of rupture with the traditional model predominant for the area, at the same time that it intends to discuss the importance of the critical education in Psychology, especially in the educational field and the demands and challenges to be faced in the technical and political plan in the insertion of psychologists into the public educational network.(AU)
Este artículo pretende presentar un breve ensayo sobre la relación entre Psicología y Educación, a partir de Martín-Baró y Paulo Freire, en Brasil, como una referencia de rompimiento con el modelo tradicional predominante para el área, al mismo tiempo que pretende discutir la importancia de la formación crítica en Psicología, en especial en el campo educativo y las demandas y desafíos a ser enfrentados en el plano técnico y político en la inserción de psicólogos en la red educativa pública.(AU)
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Psicologia/educação , Instituições AcadêmicasRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of grape skin or purple carrot extracts against cadmium-induced intoxication in rats' kidneys. For this purpose, 30 male Wistar rats were distributed into six groups (nâ¯=â¯5), as follows: control group; cadmium group and groups treated with grape skin at 175 or 350â¯mg / L doses; or purple carrot extract at 400â¯mg / L or 800â¯mg / L doses, by drinking water. In the group exposed to cadmium, histopathological analysis revealed severe tissue injury as a result of coagulation necrosis, congested vessels and inflammatory infiltrate. Animals treated with grape skin or purple carrot extracts improved the histopathological changes induced by cadmium. 8-OHdG immunoexpression and catalase gene expression decreased in rats treated with purple carrot or grape skin extracts. Grape skin extract was able to increase SOD-CuZn gene expression as well. Toll-like signaling pathway (TLR2, PIKK and TRAF6) and cytochrome c expressions were not altered after the treatment with grape skin or purple carrot extracts. Taken together, we conclude that grape skin and purple carrot extracts had a protective effect on the rats' kidneys after cadmium intoxication, by means of tissue regenerating tissue regeneration and antioxidant properties, grape skin extract being more effective for this purpose.
RESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of vaccine using replication-deficient human recombinant Type 5 replication-defective adenoviruses (AdHu5) carrying sequences of the amastigote surface protein 2 (ASP2) (AdASP2) in mice infected with the Trypanosoma cruzi ( T cruzi) Y strain. A total of 16 A/Sn mice female were distributed into four groups, as follows (n = 4 per group): Group 1 - Control Group (CTRL); Group 2 - Infected Group (TC): animals were infected by subcutaneous route with 150 bloodstream trypomastigotes of T cruzi Y strain; Group 3 - Immunized Group (AdASP-2): animals were immunized by intramuscular injection (im) route with 50 µL of AdSP-2 (2 × 10 8 plaque forming units [pfu]/cam) at day 0; Group 4-Immunized and Infected Group (AdASP-2+TC): animals were immunized by im route with 50 µL of ASP-2 (2 × 10 8 pfu/cam) and infected by T cruzi at the same day (day 0). It was observed a significant decrease of nests in the group that was immunized with AdASP-2 and infected on the same day. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expressions showed a significant increase in the AdASP-2+TC group when compared to TC group, but it was noted that Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) was increased in TC group when compared to AdASP-2+TC group. Increase of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and decrease of MMP-9 immunoexpression in the AdASP-2+TC group was noticed as well. Oxidative DNA damage was present in myocardium for AdASP-2+TC group as a result of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine immunoexpression. Taken together, our results highlighted an increased oxidative stress, MMP-2 activity and inflammatory host response promoted by AdASP-2 against T cruzi infection.
Assuntos
Doença de Chagas/prevenção & controle , Miócitos Cardíacos/imunologia , Estresse Oxidativo , Parasitemia/prevenção & controle , Vacinas Protozoárias/administração & dosagem , Trypanosoma cruzi/imunologia , Animais , Doença de Chagas/imunologia , Doença de Chagas/parasitologia , Feminino , Imunização , Metaloproteinase 2 da Matriz/metabolismo , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/metabolismo , Camundongos , Miócitos Cardíacos/parasitologia , Neuraminidase , Parasitemia/imunologia , Vacinas Protozoárias/imunologia , Vacinas Atenuadas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Atenuadas/imunologiaRESUMO
This study investigated the efficacy of the vaccine in liver of mice infected with the Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) and immunized with AdASP-2. For this purpose, histopathological analysis and gene expression of COX-2, TNF-alpha, TNFR, iNOS, cytochrome C, caspase-3, TLR4, IL-6 and IL10 were evaluated. The following groups were used in this study: Group 1 - Control Group (CTRL) animals received AdßGal vehicle; Group 2 - Infected Group (TC) animals were infected with T. cruzi; Group 3 - Immunized Group (AdASP-2): animals were immunized by AdASP-2 vaccine; Group 4 - Immunized and Infected Group (AdASP-2+TC) animals were infected with T. cruzi and immunized by AdSP-2 vaccine. A significant decrease of amastigote nests was noticed in the group of animals that were immunized with AdASP-2 and infected on the same day. COX-2 and TNF-alpha gene expressions increased in TC group, whereas TNF-alpha decreased in the TC+AdASP-2 group. TNFR expression was high in AdASP-2+TC group. iNOS expression was high for all experimental groups whereas cytochrome C decreased for all experimental groups. Caspase 3 increased in TC and TC+AdASP-2 groups. The gene expression of TLR4 and IL-10 showed an increase in AdASP-2+TC group. Finally, hepatic fibrosis was noticed to TC and AdASP-2â¯+â¯TC groups. Taken together, our results demonstrated that vaccination with AdASP-2 was effective against the acute phase of experimental Chagas disease as a result of a more powerful and rapid immune response closely related to expression of some inflammatory genes, such as iNOS, TNF-alpha, TLR 4, and IL-10.
Assuntos
Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/imunologia , Cirrose Hepática/imunologia , Fígado/imunologia , Neuraminidase/imunologia , Vacinas Protozoárias/imunologia , Trypanosoma cruzi/imunologia , Adenoviridae , Animais , Caspase 3/imunologia , Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/parasitologia , Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/patologia , Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/prevenção & controle , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/imunologia , Citocromos c/imunologia , Citocinas/imunologia , Feminino , Fígado/parasitologia , Fígado/patologia , Cirrose Hepática/parasitologia , Cirrose Hepática/patologia , Cirrose Hepática/prevenção & controle , Camundongos , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/imunologia , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/imunologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemoprotective potential of grape skin extract following rat tongue carcinogenesis induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Wistar rats were distributed into four groups (n=5, per group): Control Group: free access to commercial diet and drinking water for 12 weeks; 4NQO Group: received 4NQO diluted in drinking water daily, for 12 weeks; Grape Skin Extract Group: free access to water and received grape skin extract incorporated with diet for 12 weeks; 4NQO + Grape Skin Extract Group: received 4NQO in drinking water daily and grape extract incorporated with diet for 12 weeks. RESULTS: Animals treated with grape skin extract revealed a significant reduction in epithelial dysplasia. Also, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and ki-67 immunoexpression was reduced in animals treated with grape skin extract. Western blot analysis showed a significant decrease of p-NFκB p50 and MyD88 protein expression in the groups treated with grape skin extract. Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, manganese superoxide dismutase, and catalase gene expression did not present any statistically significant differences (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Grape skin extract displayed chemopreventive activity in oral carcinogenesis assays as depicted by its antioxidant, anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties.
Assuntos
Carcinogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Bucais/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Vitis/química , 4-Nitroquinolina-1-Óxido/toxicidade , Animais , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Antioxidantes/química , Catalase/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Neoplasias Bucais/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Ratos , Superóxido Dismutase/genética , Superóxido Dismutase-1/genéticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Follow-up studies of girls with premature adrenarche have reported the development of polycystic ovary syndrome, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia and a propensity to cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of these conditions in patients previously treated at the Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro. METHODS: A total of 130 medical records reported premature adrenarche. One hundred and twenty-two patients were invited to participate, of whom 54 accepted; 34 patients were selected, as they had reached their final height. Anthropometric, blood glucose, insulin, and lipid and hormonal profile (LH, FSH, estradiol, 17α-OH-progesterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, testosterone) data were obtained, the HOMA-IR index was calculated, and pelvic ultrasonography was performed. To characterize polycystic ovary syndrome and metabolic syndrome, the Rotterdam and International Diabetes Federation criteria, respectively, were used. Data were analyzed according to measures of dispersion, frequency and correlations of interest. RESULTS: The age of the participants ranged from 15.2 to 28.2 years/months; 23.5% of the patients were overweight, 11.8% were obese, 29.4% had a large waist circumference, and 8.8% were hypertensive. None of the patients had altered glucose levels, and insulin levels and HOMA-IR were elevated in 29.4% and 38.2% of the participants, respectively; 14.7% of the patients exhibited acanthosis nigricans. The lipid profiles of the participants were variable, and one patient (2.9%) had metabolic syndrome. Polycystic ovary syndrome was found in 41.2% of patients. CONCLUSION: The percentage of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome who also had overweight, obesity and insulin resistance corroborates the literature data about the need for follow-up aiming at interventions, especially for conditions associated with cardiometabolic risk.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/etiologia , Puberdade Precoce/complicações , Puberdade Precoce/metabolismo , Adrenarca/metabolismo , Valores de Referência , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Resistência à Insulina , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/metabolismo , Índice de Massa Corporal , Colesterol/sangue , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Síndrome Metabólica/etiologia , Síndrome Metabólica/metabolismo , Dislipidemias/etiologia , Dislipidemias/metabolismo , Sobrepeso/etiologia , Sobrepeso/metabolismo , Hormônios/sangueRESUMO
Resumo Este artigo visa analisar a consciência de bolsistas do Programa Universidade para Todos (ProUni), partindo da compreensão apresentada por eles sobre sua inserção e vivência na graduação. Primeiramente, faz-se uma descrição histórica do Ensino Superior brasileiro, focando na política educacional do ProUni, em seguida uma leitura da Psicologia Crítica e do papel do psicólogo no Ensino Superior, finalizando na descrição do Processo de Tomada de Consciência. As técnicas para busca de dados foram diários de campo de uma das autoras das reuniões presenciais e etnografia virtual de um grupo virtual de prounistas. Foram sistematizadas cinco categorias de análise a partir da etnografia virtual e, além dessas, mais uma (totalizando seis) categoria de análise pelos quatro diários de campo. São elas: Assistência e Permanência Estudantil, Comprovação de renda, Organização do grupo, Preconceito, Visão do ProUni e Solidariedade entre prounistas. A análise dos dados relacionou os objetivos e as informações obtidas. Foi encontrada uma maior quantidade de mulheres participantes dos grupos presencial e virtual. No grupo virtual apenas a primeira forma de consciência – alienação – foi encontrada na maioria dos estudantes. Nas reuniões presenciais, por estarem vivenciando a organização conjunta, foi possível identificar todas as formas desse processo. Concluiu-se que foi possível identificar diferenças no processo de tomada de consciência dos estudantes prounistas partindo dos espaços de auto-organização. Necessita-se de maiores estudos sobre como o preconceito vivenciado pelos prounistas influencia em seu processo de tomada de consciência.
Abstract This article aims to analyze the awareness of scholarship students of the University for All Program (ProUnistas) from the conception they have about their experiences and insertion in undergraduate courses. First, a historical description of the Brazilian higher education, focusing on educational policy ProUni was made; then a reading of Critical Psychology and the role of psychologists in Higher Education was performed; finally, a description of the Consciousness Process was conducted. The techniques used for search data were one of the authors’ field diaries of the face-to-face encounters and a virtual ethnography meetings of a virtual group of ProUnistas. Five categories of analysis were systematized based on the virtual ethnography and, in addition, one (totaling six) additional category of analysis was included out ot the four field diaries. The identified categories were: Students Care and Permanence, Proof of income, Group organization, Prejudice, Vision of ProUni, and Solidarity between ProUnistas. The analysis of data established a relation between the objectives the information obtained. A greater number of women were found to be present in the virtual and face-to-face groups. In the virtual group only the first form of consciousness - alienation - was found in most students. In the in-person meetings, it was possible to identify all forms of this process, because students experience joint organization. It was concluded that it was possible to identify differences in the awareness of ProUnistas starting from spaces for self-organization processes. Further studies on how prejudice experienced by ProUnistas influences their process of awareness are needed.
Resumen Este artículo propone analizar la concientización de los becarios del Programa Universidad para Todos, empezando por su comprensión acerca de sus experiencias e inserción en el nivel de pregrado. Primero se hace una descripción histórica de la educación superior de Brasil, centrada en la política educativa ProUni; luego es hecha una lectura a partir de la Psicología Crítica y el papel de los psicólogos en la educación superior; finalmente, es hecha una descripción del proceso de concientización. Las técnicas para recolección de datos fueron diarios de campo de la autora y etnografía virtual de un grupo virtual de ProUnistas. Fueran sistematizadas cinco categorías de análisis a partir de la etnografía virtual y, además de estos, una más (un total de seis) a partir de los cuatro diarios de campo. Las categorías identificadas son: Cuidado y permanencia del estudiante, Comprobante de ingresos, Organización del grupo, Prejuicio, La visión del ProUni y La solidaridad entre ProUnistas. Los datos fueron analizados a partir de los objetivos y de los datos obtenidos. En el grupo virtual solo la primera forma de concientización - la alienación - se encuentra en la mayoría de los estudiantes. En las reuniones presenciales, por involucrar una organización conjunta, fue posible identificar todas las formas de este proceso. Se concluyó que es posible identificar diferencias en la concientización de los estudiantes ProUnistas dejando espacios para el proceso de auto-organización. Se necesitan más estudios acerca de cómo el prejuicio experimentado por los ProUnistas influye en el proceso de concientización.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Encenação , Consciência , Bolsas de Estudo , Cobras Corais , Serviços de Saúde para EstudantesRESUMO
Enhanced cardiovascular strain is one of the factors that explains degraded aerobic capacity in hot environments. The cardiovascular system is regulated by the autonomic nervous system, whose activity can be indirectly evaluated by analyzing heart rate variability (HRV) and systolic arterial pressure (SAP) variability. However, no study has addressed whether HRV or SAP variability can predict aerobic performance during a single bout of exercise. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether there is an association between cardiovascular variability and performance in rats subjected to treadmill running at two ambient temperatures. In addition, this study investigated whether the heat-induced changes in cardiovascular variability and reductions in performance are associated with each other. Male Wistar rats were implanted with a catheter into their carotid artery for pulsatile blood pressure recordings. After recovery from surgery, the animals were subjected to incremental-speed exercise until they were fatigued under temperate (25°C) and hot (35°C) conditions. Impaired performance and exaggerated cardiovascular responses were observed in the hot relative to the temperate environment. Significant and negative correlations between most of the SAP variability components (standard deviation, variance, very low frequency [VLF], and low frequency [LF]) at the earlier stages of exercise and total exercise time were observed in both environmental conditions. Furthermore, the heat-induced changes in the sympathetic components of SAP variability (VLF and LF) were associated with heat-induced impairments in performance. Overall, the results indicate that SAP variability at the beginning of exercise predicts the acute performance of rats. Our findings also suggest that heat impairments in aerobic performance are associated with changes in cardiovascular autonomic control.