RESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate if grape juice concentrate is able to protect rat liver against cadmium toxicity. For this purpose, histopathological analysis, cytochrome C expression and immunoexpresssion of metalloproteinases (MMP) 2 and 9 were investigated. A total of 15 Wistar rats weighing 250 g on the average, and 8 weeks age were distributed into 3 groups (n=5), as follows: Control group (non-treated group, CTRL); Cadmium group (Cd) and grape juice concentrate group (Cd+GJ). Histopathological analysis revealed that liver from animals treated with grape juice concentrate improved tissue degeneration induced by cadmium intoxication. Animals intoxicated with cadmium and treated with grape juice concentrate showed higher cytochrome C gene expression in liver cells. No significant statistically differences (p>0.05) were found to MMP 2 and 9 immunoexpression between groups. Taken together, our results demonstrate that grape juice concentrate is able to prevent tissue degeneration in rat liver as a result of increasing apoptosis.
Assuntos
Intoxicação por Cádmio/prevenção & controle , Citocromos c/biossíntese , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Metaloproteinase 2 da Matriz/biossíntese , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/biossíntese , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Vitis/química , Animais , Intoxicação por Cádmio/enzimologia , Intoxicação por Cádmio/patologia , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais , Fígado/enzimologia , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Necrose/enzimologia , Necrose/patologia , Necrose/prevenção & controle , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacologia , RatosRESUMO
AIM: To evaluate the clinical and epidemiological profile of women with breast cancer, managed in the Breast Service at Hospital Get6lio Vargas (HGV). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive, observational cross-sectional study, involving 174 breast cancer patients, managed at the Breast Service at HGV in Teresina, in the northeast of Brazil, from May 2011 to June 2014. Epidemiological variables included age group, age at menarche, age at first childbirth, and menopause. The tumor characteristics studied were histological type, TNM classification, and staging. The results were organized in distribution tables. RESULTS: Breast carcinoma was more common in patients aged 60 and over, in multiparous women, and in women who were menopausal before age 55. The most common histological type was ductal invasive carcinoma T2N1MO (Stage IIB) in 83 (48%) women. CONCLUSION: The current study shows that the majority of carcinomas were Stage II or advanced tumors, with clinically positive axillary lymph node status and weak correlation with reproductive risk factors.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Adulto , Idoso , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Metástase Linfática , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de NeoplasiasRESUMO
It is currently accepted that superoxide anion (O2•−) is an important mediator in pain and inflammation. The role of superoxide anion in pain and inflammation has been mainly determined indirectly by modulating its production and inactivation. Direct evidence using potassium superoxide (KO2), a superoxide anion donor, demonstrated that it induced thermal hyperalgesia, as assessed by the Hargreaves method. However, it remains to be determined whether KO2 is capable of inducing other inflammatory and nociceptive responses attributed to superoxide anion. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the nociceptive and inflammatory effects of KO2. The KO2-induced inflammatory responses evaluated in mice were: mechanical hyperalgesia (electronic version of von Frey filaments), thermal hyperalgesia (hot plate), edema (caliper rule), myeloperoxidase activity (colorimetric assay), overt pain-like behaviors (flinches, time spent licking and writhing score), leukocyte recruitment, oxidative stress, and cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression (quantitative PCR). Administration of KO2 induced mechanical hyperalgesia, thermal hyperalgesia, paw edema, leukocyte recruitment, the writhing response, paw flinching, and paw licking in a dose-dependent manner. KO2 also induced time-dependent cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression in the paw skin. The nociceptive, inflammatory, and oxidative stress components of KO2-induced responses were responsive to morphine (analgesic opioid), quercetin (antioxidant flavonoid), and/or celecoxib (anti-inflammatory cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor) treatment. In conclusion, the well-established superoxide anion donor KO2 is a valuable tool for studying the mechanisms and pharmacological susceptibilities of superoxide anion-triggered nociceptive and inflammatory responses ranging from mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia to overt pain-like behaviors, edema, and leukocyte recruitment.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Camundongos , /efeitos dos fármacos , Hiperalgesia/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Dor Nociceptiva/induzido quimicamente , Superóxidos/farmacologia , Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapêutico , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , /uso terapêutico , /genética , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Membro Posterior , Temperatura Alta , Hiperalgesia/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Dor Nociceptiva/tratamento farmacológico , Medição da Dor/métodos , Peroxidase/efeitos dos fármacos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de Tempo , Transcrição Gênica/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
It is currently accepted that superoxide anion (O2â¢-) is an important mediator in pain and inflammation. The role of superoxide anion in pain and inflammation has been mainly determined indirectly by modulating its production and inactivation. Direct evidence using potassium superoxide (KO2), a superoxide anion donor, demonstrated that it induced thermal hyperalgesia, as assessed by the Hargreaves method. However, it remains to be determined whether KO2 is capable of inducing other inflammatory and nociceptive responses attributed to superoxide anion. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the nociceptive and inflammatory effects of KO2. The KO2-induced inflammatory responses evaluated in mice were: mechanical hyperalgesia (electronic version of von Frey filaments), thermal hyperalgesia (hot plate), edema (caliper rule), myeloperoxidase activity (colorimetric assay), overt pain-like behaviors (flinches, time spent licking and writhing score), leukocyte recruitment, oxidative stress, and cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression (quantitative PCR). Administration of KO2 induced mechanical hyperalgesia, thermal hyperalgesia, paw edema, leukocyte recruitment, the writhing response, paw flinching, and paw licking in a dose-dependent manner. KO2 also induced time-dependent cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression in the paw skin. The nociceptive, inflammatory, and oxidative stress components of KO2-induced responses were responsive to morphine (analgesic opioid), quercetin (antioxidant flavonoid), and/or celecoxib (anti-inflammatory cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor) treatment. In conclusion, the well-established superoxide anion donor KO2 is a valuable tool for studying the mechanisms and pharmacological susceptibilities of superoxide anion-triggered nociceptive and inflammatory responses ranging from mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia to overt pain-like behaviors, edema, and leukocyte recruitment.
Assuntos
Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/efeitos dos fármacos , Hiperalgesia/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Dor Nociceptiva/induzido quimicamente , Superóxidos/farmacologia , Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapêutico , Animais , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/genética , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/uso terapêutico , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Membro Posterior , Temperatura Alta , Hiperalgesia/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Camundongos , Dor Nociceptiva/tratamento farmacológico , Medição da Dor/métodos , Peroxidase/efeitos dos fármacos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de Tempo , Transcrição Gênica/efeitos dos fármacosAssuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto , Linfangioma , Linfangioma/diagnóstico , Linfangioma/patologia , Linfangioma/terapiaAssuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto , Idoso , Hérnia Inguinal , Hérnia Inguinal/diagnóstico , Hérnia Inguinal/cirurgia , Hérnia Inguinal/terapiaAssuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto , Neoplasias , Icterícia/diagnóstico , Icterícia/patologia , Icterícia/cirurgiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: A case-control study was done to confirm the higher prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) among sickle cell patients (HbSS) from southern Brazil. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight patients and 28 matched normal controls were studied. Besides complete anamneses and physical otolaryngological examination, all individuals had audiometric and tympanometric testings to determine the presence of SNHL or middle ear problems. The only significant difference between groups was the presence of a positive history of otologic symptoms (hearing loss, dizziness or tinnitus) and neurological sequelae in the HbSS patients. RESULTS: Six patients (21.4%) presented with SNHL compared with one control (3.6%) (Fisher's one-tailed P = .05; OR, 7.36 (95% CI, 0.82, 65.83). The average age of HbSS diagnosis was higher among the patients with SNHL (10 years +/- 8.3) than those without SNHL (5.43 years +/- 5.65), but this was not significant (analysis of variance P > .05). More patients 25 years and older on the examination date had SNHL than younger patients (Fisher's 2-tailed P < .05). Sixty-seven percent of the patients with SNHL had alterations in the acoustic reflex, and a surprising 27% of the patients without NSHL also presented with some elevation or an absence of acoustic reflex. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that patients with HbSS from southern Brazil are more predisposed to the development of sensorineural hearing problems than the general population.
Assuntos
Anemia Falciforme/epidemiologia , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Comorbidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Medição de Risco , Distribuição por Sexo , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the occupational risk of medical students, their knowledge and practice of universal biosafety measures and hepatitis B immunization coverage. A specific questionnaire was applied to 136 medical students of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais: 87 (64%) students were involved in surgical procedures, 68 (50%) had been exposed to blood, 90 (66.2%) knew the universal biosafety measures and 33 (24.3%) knew the procedure in case of blood exposure. Thus, this population has a high risk of blood exposure and although there is a low formal knowledge about universal biosafety measures, most of these were generally used. New strategies, such as formal teaching of universal biosafety measures, in loco supervision, and biosafety teams, are necessary to change this situation.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Exposição Ocupacional , Estudantes de Medicina/psicologia , Brasil , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de Risco , Faculdades de Medicina , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
An outbreak of human leptospirosis due to recreational activities occurred at São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil in November 1987. It involved a group of persons who had participated in a gathering in a suburb club which had a swimming pool fed with natural water. Epidemiological investigation was carried out and laboratory tests from the patients were done. It was observed that a high prevalence of the pomona serotype (91%) was found in the serological analyses, while the presence of the agent of the infection could not be found in the water club swimming pool.