RESUMO
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O ventrículo único é uma cardiopatia complexa rara e grave, sem possibilidade de tratamento cirúrgico curativo, associada à alta mortalidade durante a primeira infância. O objetivo desse artigo foi descrever um caso raro de paciente adulto com ventrículo único não-operado que se internou para realização de valvoplastia pulmonar via hemodinâmica e acabou sendo submetido à cirurgia de Blalock-Taussig modificado e implante de marca-passo epicárdico. Teve como objetivo complementar chamar a atenção para as particularidades anestésicas do paciente adulto portador de cardiopatia congênita não-corrigida. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente de 34 anos, 60 kg, portadora de cardiopatia congênita complexa tipo ventrículo único, estenose infundibulovalvar pulmonar importante e hipertensão pulmonar moderada. Admitida no hospital sem condições de correção cirúrgica e com história pregressa de várias sangrias terapêuticas para tratamento de policitemia. Foi internada devido a piora da hipoxemia, um episódio de síncope e bloqueio atrioventricular total (BAVT) de início recente. À internação apresentava estabilidade hemodinâmica, freqüência cardíaca de 42 bpm, SpO2 de 73 por cento, cianose central e de extremidades e pressão arterial de 120 × 70 mmHg. Foi proposta a realização de cateterismo e valvoplastia pulmonar via hemodinâmica. Por causa da impossibilidade de realização dessa técnica com sucesso, foi indicada a realização de cirurgia de Blalock-Taussig com implante de marca-passo. O procedimento foi realizado no dia seguinte sem intercorrências e a paciente teve alta hospitalar sete dias após o procedimento cirúrgico com SpO2 de 85 por cento, hematócrito de 49 por cento e melhora da dispnéia. CONCLUSÕES: O sucesso do procedimento anestésico para correção cirúrgica de cardiopatia congênita complexa demanda conhecimento da fisiopatologia da doença, bem como das particularidades inerentes à técnica anestésica utilizada.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Univentricular heart is a complex, rare, and severe cardiopathy, with no possibility of curative surgical treatment, associated with a high mortality in the first years of life. The objective of this article was to describe a rare case of an adult patient with uncorrected single ventricle who was admitted for pulmonary valvuloplasty but was submitted to a modified Blalock-Taussig and placement of an epicardic pacemaker. The complementary objective of this report was to address the anesthetic particularities of adult patients with uncorrected congenital cardiopathy. CASE REPORT: A 34 years old female patient, weighing 60 kg, with a complex congenital cardiopathy with a single ventricle, important infundibular pulmonary stenosis and moderate pulmonary hypertension was admitted to the hospital without conditions to undergo surgical correction. The patient had a history several therapeutic bleedings to treat polycythemia. She was admitted due to worsening hypoxemia, an episode of syncope, and recent onset of third degree atrioventricular block. On admission, the patient was hemodynamically stable, heart rate of 42 bpm, SpO2 73 percent, central cyanosis and cyanosis of the extremities, and blood pressure 120 × 70 mmHg. Cardiac catheterization and pulmonary valvuloplasty were proposed. Due to the impossibility of success of this technique, Blalock-Taussig procedure with placement of a pacemaker was indicated. The procedure was performed in the following day without intercurrences, and the patient was discharged 7 days after the surgery, with SpO2 85 percent, hematocrit 49 percent, and improvement of the dyspnea. CONCLUSIONS: The success of anesthesia for surgical correction of complex congenital cardiopathy requires knowledge on the pathophysiology of the disorder, as well as the particularities inherent to the anesthetic technique used.
JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: El ventrículo único es una cardiopatía compleja, rara y grave sin posibilidad de tratamiento quirúrgico curativo, asociada a una alta mortalidad durante la primera infancia. El objetivo de este artículo fue el de describir un caso raro de paciente adulto con ventrículo único no operado que se internó para la realización de valvoplastia pulmonar vía hemodinámica y que terminó siendo sometido a la cirugía de Blalock-Taussig modificado e implante de marcapaso epicárdico. Tuvo como objetivo complementario destacar las particularidades anestésicas del paciente adulto portador de cardiopatía congénita no corregida. RELATO DEL CASO: Paciente de 34 años, 60 kg, portadora de cardiopatía congénita compleja tipo ventrículo único, estenosis infundíbulo valvar pulmonar importante e hipertensión pulmonar moderada. Admitida en el hospital sin condiciones de corrección quirúrgica y con historial anterior de varias sangrías terapéuticas para tratamiento de policitemía. Se le internó debido al empeoramiento de la hipoxemia, un episodio de síncope y bloqueo atrioventricular total (BAVT) de inicio reciente. En el momento de su internación presentaba estabilidad hemodinámica, frecuencia cardíaca de 42 lpm, SpO2 de 73 por ciento, cianosis central y de extremidades y presión arterial de 120 × 70 mmHg. Fue propuesta la realización de cateterismo y valvoplastía pulmonar vía hemodinámica. Debido a la imposibilidad de la realización de esa técnica con éxito, fue indicada la realización de cirugía de Blalock-Taussig con implante de marcapaso. El procedimiento fue realizado al día siguiente sin intercurrencias y la paciente tuvo alta hospitalaria 7 días después del procedimiento quirúrgico con SpO2 de 85 por ciento, hematócrito de 49 por ciento y mejoría de la disnea. CONCLUSIONES: El éxito del procedimiento anestésico para la corrección quirúrgica de cardiopatía congénita compleja exige el conocimiento de la fisiopatología de la ...
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Anestesia , Aorta/cirurgia , Cardiopatias Congênitas/cirurgia , Marca-Passo Artificial , Artéria Pulmonar/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Univentricular heart is a complex, rare, and severe cardiopathy, with no possibility of curative surgical treatment, associated with a high mortality in the first years of life. The objective of this article was to describe a rare case of an adult patient with uncorrected single ventricle who was admitted for pulmonary valvuloplasty but was submitted to a modified Blalock-Taussig and placement of an epicardic pacemaker. The complementary objective of this report was to address the anesthetic particularities of adult patients with uncorrected congenital cardiopathy. CASE REPORT A 34 years old female patient, weighing 60 kg, with a complex congenital cardiopathy with a single ventricle, important infundibular pulmonary stenosis and moderate pulmonary hypertension was admitted to the hospital without conditions to undergo surgical correction. The patient had a history several therapeutic bleedings to treat polycythemia. She was admitted due to worsening hypoxemia, an episode of syncope, and recent onset of third degree atrioventricular block. On admission, the patient was hemodynamically stable, heart rate of 42 bpm, SpO2 73%, central cyanosis and cyanosis of the extremities, and blood pressure 120 x 70 mmHg. Cardiac catheterization and pulmonary valvuloplasty were proposed. Due to the impossibility of success of this technique, Blalock-Taussig procedure with placement of a pacemaker was indicated. The procedure was performed in the following day without intercurrences, and the patient was discharged 7 days after the surgery, with SpO2 85%, hematocrit 49%, and improvement of the dyspnea. CONCLUSIONS: The success of anesthesia for surgical correction of complex congenital cardiopathy requires knowledge on the pathophysiology of the disorder, as well as the particularities inherent to the anesthetic technique used.