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BACKGROUND: Early childhood caries (ECC) is the most common chronic disease in young children and a public health problem worldwide. It is characterized by the presence of atypical and fast progressive caries lesions. The aggressive form of ECC, severe early childhood caries (S-ECC), can lead to the destruction of the whole crown of most of the deciduous teeth and cause pain and sepsis, affecting the child's quality of life. Although the multifactorial etiology of ECC is known, including social, environmental, behavioral, and genetic determinants, there is a consensus that this disease is driven by an imbalance between the oral microbiome and host, or dysbiosis, mediated by high sugar consumption and poor oral hygiene. Knowledge of the microbiome in healthy and caries status is crucial for risk monitoring, prevention, and development of therapies to revert dysbiosis and restore oral health. Molecular biology tools, including next-generation sequencing methods and proteomic approaches, have led to the discovery of new species and microbial biomarkers that could reveal potential risk profiles for the development of ECC and new targets for anti-caries therapies. This narrative review summarized some general aspects of ECC, such as definition, epidemiology, and etiology, the influence of oral microbiota in the development and progression of ECC based on the current evidence from genomics, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic studies and the effect of antimicrobial intervention on oral microbiota associated with ECC. CONCLUSION: The evaluation of genetic and proteomic markers represents a promising approach to predict the risk of ECC before its clinical manifestation and plan efficient therapeutic interventions for ECC in its initial stages, avoiding irreversible dental cavitation.
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Cárie Dentária , Microbiota , Criança , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Cariostáticos , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Proteômica , Disbiose , Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the oral cavity of pediatric patients hospitalized at an intensive care unit (ICU). Methodology: Thirty ICU patients (group 1) and 30 healthy patients (group 2), between 1 and 12 years of age, matched by sex and age, were selected from a public hospital in Brazil. After oral examinations, biological specimens (nostril swab, oral mucosa, and supragingival biofilm) were collected from both groups to verify the presence of Staphylococcus aureus. Identification occurred after growth in Tryptic Soy Broth with 7.5% of NaCl for 48 hours, growth in Mannitol Salt Agar, gram staining, catalase, and coagulase tests. S. aureus isolates were submitted to antibiotic sensitivity test. Results: Only 36.7% of patients in the ICU perform oral hygiene during the hospitalization period and 41.7% presented high level of dental biofilm accumulation. The presence of S. aureus was similar in patients from group 1 (43.3%, 13) and group 2 (50.0%, 15) (p = 0.60). Both groups presented 18 samples each that tested positive for S. aureus. However, when considering patients infected by MRSA, the prevalence was higher in group 1 (eight; 26.7%) than in group 2 (five; 16.7%) but no statistical difference was observed (p = 0.53). In group 1, nine MRSA samples were resistant to erythromycin and seven to clindamycin. In group 2, two MRSA samples were resistant to erythromycin and two to clindamycin. Conclusions: Although ICU children did not show a significant higher carriage of MRSA when compared with the healthy group in the population studied, the number of highly resistant strains in the oral cavity isolated from ICU patients adds an important risk factor to be considered by the medical team as possible source of systemic infections, extended hospital stay, and poor outcomes.
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Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina , Infecções Estafilocócicas , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Criança , Clindamicina , Eritromicina/farmacologia , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Boca , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Staphylococcus aureusRESUMO
Aim: This in vivo experimental study investigated bacterial microbiome and metabolome longitudinal changes associated with enamel caries lesion progression and arrest. Methods: We induced natural caries activity in three caries-free volunteers prior to four premolar extractions for orthodontic reasons. The experimental model included placement of a modified orthodontic band on smooth surfaces and a mesh on occlusal surfaces. We applied the caries-inducing protocol for 4- and 6-weeks, and subsequently promoted caries lesion arrest via a 2-week toothbrushing period. Lesions were verified clinically and quantitated via micro-CT enamel density measurements. The biofilm microbial composition was determined via 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing and NMR spectrometry was used for metabolomics. Results: Biofilm maturation and caries lesion progression were characterized by an increase in Gram-negative anaerobes, including Veillonella and Prevotella. Streptococcus was associated caries lesion progression, while a more equal distribution of Streptococcus, Bifidobacterium, Atopobium, Prevotella, Veillonella, and Saccharibacteria (TM7) characterized arrest. Lactate, acetate, pyruvate, alanine, valine, and sugars were more abundant in mature biofilms compared to newly formed biofilms. Conclusions: These longitudinal bacterial microbiome and metabolome results provide novel mechanistic insights into the role of the biofilm in caries progression and arrest and offer promising candidate biomarkers for validation in future studies.
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We asked whether transient Staphylococcus aureus in the oral environment synergistically interacts with orally associated bacterial species such as Actinomyces oris, Candida albicans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mutans, and Veillonella dispar (six-species control biofilm 6S). For this purpose, four modified biofilms with seven species that contain either the wild type strain of the S. aureus genotype (USA300-MRSA WT), its isogenic mutant with MSCRAMM deficiency (USA300-MRSA ΔMSCRAMM), a methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (ST72-MSSA-) or a methicillin-resistant S. aureus (USA800-MRSA) grown on hydroxyapatite disks were examined. Culture analyses, confocal-laser-scanning microscopy and proteome analyses were performed. S. aureus strains affected the amount of supragingival biofilm-associated species differently. The deletion of MSCRAMM genes disrupted the growth of S. aureus and the distribution of S. mutans and S. oralis within the biofilms. In addition, S. aureus caused shifts in the number of detectable proteins of other species in the 6S biofilm. S. aureus (USA300-MRSA WT), aggregated together with early colonizers such as Actinomyces and streptococci, influenced the number of secondary colonizers such as Fusobacterium nucleatum and was involved in structuring the biofilm architecture that triggered the change from a homeostatic biofilm to a dysbiotic biofilm to the development of oral diseases.
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PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of sonic application on the surface roughness of bulk-fill resin composite restorations. METHODS: 80 intact bovine incisors had their incisal thirds removed, their buccal surfaces flattened, and standard preparations mimicking Class II preparations performed on their buccal surfaces. Specimens were then randomly assigned for restoration with the bulk-fill resin composites Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, SureFil SDR flow+, and SonicFill 2, with sonic application for 15 seconds and 30 seconds as well as no sonic application. Filtek Supreme Ultra applied without sonic application served as control. Sonic application was accomplished with the KAVO SONICflex handpiece. Surface roughness was measured using a 3D scanner and data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests at a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: No statistical differences were found between groups treated with and without sonic application. When materials were compared, Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill showed the lowest surface roughness in the 15-second sonic application subgroup; and SureFil SDR flow+ showed the highest surface roughness when applied without sonic application and in the 30-second sonic application subgroups. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Clinicians should expect a similar performance of bulk-fill resin composites in terms of surface roughness when applied with or without sonic activation. Precaution should be taken during the finishing/ polishing procedures of SureFil SDR flow+ resin composite.
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Resinas Compostas , Animais , Bovinos , Teste de Materiais , Distribuição AleatóriaRESUMO
Congenital morphological dental alterations are related to the physiological phase of tooth development. Since the etiology of the dens invaginatus and supernumerary roots has yet to be fully determined, a rare presentation of dens invaginatus in a primary molar and a birooted deciduous maxillary canine were incidentally detected in routine radiographic examinations. Essential clinical considerations and treatment options are presented. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study highlights the importance of a deep and comprehensive anamnesis and clinical examination, with radiographs taken when necessary. The negligence of these stages in an initial consultation could cause irreversible future damage to the patient, since rare dental anomalies or other lesions that require treatment may not be detected. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Brandão ECB, Ribeiro AAA, Seabra LMA. Rare Condition of Dens Invaginatus in a Maxillary Primary Molar and a Birooted Maxillary Primary Canine diagnosed during Routine Examination. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2): 193-195.
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Dental caries is the most prevalent disease in humans globally. Efforts to control it have been invigorated by an increasing knowledge of the oral microbiome composition. This study aimed to evaluate the bacterial diversity in occlusal biofilms and its relationship with clinical surface diagnosis and dietary habits. Anamneses were recorded from thirteen 12-year-old children. Biofilm samples collected from occlusal surfaces of 46 permanent second molars were analyzed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing combined with the BLASTN-based search algorithm for species identification. The overall mean decayed, missing and filled surfaces modified index [DMFSm Index, including active white spot lesions (AWSL)] value was 8.77±7.47. Biofilm communities were highly polymicrobial collectively, representing 10 bacterial phyla, 25 classes, 29 orders, 58 families, 107 genera, 723 species. Streptococcus sp_Oral_Taxon_065, Corynebacterium matruchotii, Actinomyces viscosus, Actinomyces sp_Oral_Taxon_175, Actinomyces sp_Oral_Taxon_178, Actinomyces sp_Oral_Taxon_877, Prevotella nigrescens, Dialister micraerophilus, Eubacterium_XI G 1 infirmum were more abundant among surfaces with AWSL, and Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus sp._Oral_Taxon_058, Enterobacter sp._str._638 Streptococcus australis, Yersinia mollaretii, Enterobacter cloacae, Streptococcus sp._Oral_Taxon_71, Streptococcus sp._Oral_Taxon_F11, Centipeda sp._Oral_Taxon_D18 were more abundant among sound surfaces. Streptococcus mutans was detected on all surfaces in all patients, while Streptococcus sobrinus was detected only in three patients (mean relative abundances 7.1% and 0.6%, respectively). Neither species differentiated healthy from diseased sites. Diets of nine of the subjects were scored as high in fermentable carbohydrates (â§2X/day between meals). A direct association between relative abundances of bacteria and carbohydrate consumption was observed among 18 species. High consumption of fermentable carbohydrates and sound surfaces were associated with a reduction in bacterial diversity. PCoA plots displayed differences in bacterial community profiles between sound and diseased surfaces. Our study showed that, in addition to mutans streptococci, other species may be associated with the initiation of dental caries on occlusal surfaces, and that biofilm diversity of tooth surfaces is influenced by carbohydrate consumption and a surface's health status.
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Cárie Dentária/microbiologia , Dieta , Microbiota , Boca/microbiologia , Bactérias/classificação , Brasil , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Propriedades de SuperfícieRESUMO
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics of caregivers and the oral health of their children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV+) compared to a group of HIV-children and their caregivers. METHODS: One hundred forty HIV+ and 140 healthy two- to five-year-old children and their caregivers who sought care at hospitals in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, participated. Caregivers were interviewed for sociodemographic characteristics, and knowledge and attitudes regarding oral health. The decayed, missing and filled primary teeth (dmft) index was obtained for the children. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were used (five percent significance level). Content analysis method was used for qualitative evaluation. RESULTS: Most interviewees were mothers (83.6 percent), did no work outside the home (69.3 percent), had low educational status (47.1 percent), and were born in the South/Southeast regions of Brazil (83.6 percent). The mean dmft was 3.48±3.14 for the HIV+ group and 1.02±1.00 for the healthy children. Oral care was reported as important by 54.1 percent of the caregivers. Those who didn't consider oral care important had never received information about oral health (P<0.01). Caregivers born in the North/Northeast regions took their children to the dentist less frequently than mothers born in other areas (P=0.02). Low educational status influenced the attitudes about oral health (P<0.01), irregular dental visits for the children (P<0.01), and the dmft index (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Caregivers' low educational status and birthplace influenced the importance given to HIV+ children's oral health as well as the oral health knowledge and practices for both HIV+ and healthy children.
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Cuidadores/psicologia , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Nível de Saúde , Saúde Bucal , Adulto , Brasil , Cuidadores/educação , Cuidadores/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Pré-Escolar , Demografia/estatística & dados numéricos , Escolaridade , Feminino , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mães , Saúde Bucal/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Inquéritos e Questionários , Dente DecíduoRESUMO
ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Diseases of the maxillary sinus have been associated with dental roots near the maxillary sinus that have undergone endodontic treatment. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the presence of filamentous fungi in patients with dental roots near the maxillary sinus who had apical periodontitis treated endodontically, and to alert practitioners that this could be a possible avenue of contamination of the sinus in patients who develop maxillary sinus infection. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in 60 palatal roots of the first maxillary molars near the maxillary sinus, that underwent endodontic treatment for apical periodontitis. After removal of the filling material, dentin shavings were collected and placed in test tubes containing Sabouraud dextrose agar and chloramphenicol. The phenotype was determined by macroscopic and microscopic examination of the colonies. For polymerase chain reaction, the primers ITS-5 and ITS-4 were used. The sequences obtained were compared with those deposited at GenBank using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool program. RESULTS: Filamentous fungi were isolated from 6 of 60 canals (10%):Aspergillus niger (6.7%), Aspergillus versicolor (1.6%), and Aspergillus fumigatus(1.6%). CONCLUSION: Root canals near the maxillary sinus with endodontic treatment and apical periodontitis may exhibit positive cultures for filamentous fungi. Interested professionals should be alert, because these microorganisms have pathogenic characteristics that can cause disease of odontogenic origin in the maxillary sinus.
RESUMO Introdução: Doenças do seio maxilar têm sido associadas à raízes com tratamento endodôntico próximas ao seio maxilar. Objetivo: Investigar a presença de fungos filamentosos em raízes com tratamento endodôntico e lesão periapical, próximas ao seio maxilar, alertando para uma possível contaminação do seio maxilar por via odontogênica. Método: Estudo transversal em sessenta raízes palatinas de primeiros molares superiores próximas ao seio maxilar, com tratamento endodôntico e lesão periapical. Após remoção do material obturador, raspas de dentina foram coletadas e inseridas em tubos de ensaio contendo Agar Sabouraud Dextrose e Clorafenicol. O fenótipo foi determinado pela análise macroscópica e microscópica das colônias. Para o PCR utilizou-se iniciadores ITS-5 e ITS-4. As sequencias obtidas foram comparadas as disponíveis no GenBank utilizando Basic Local Alignment Search Tool. Resultados: Fungos filamentosos foram isolados de 6 dos 60 canais (10%):Aspergillus niger (6,7%), Aspergillus versicolor (1,6%) e Aspergillus fumigatus(1,6%). Conclusão: Raízes próximas ao seio maxilar com tratamento endodôntico e lesão periapical, podem apresentar cultura positiva para fungos filamentosos. Profissionais afins devem estar alerta, pois este micro-organismo possuem características de patogenicidade podendo causar doenças no seio maxilar de origem odontogênica.
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Humanos , Aspergilose/microbiologia , Cavidade Pulpar/microbiologia , Doenças Maxilares/microbiologia , Seio Maxilar/microbiologia , Periodontite Periapical/microbiologia , Aspergilose/diagnóstico , Estudos Transversais , Doenças Maxilares/diagnóstico , Periodontite Periapical/diagnósticoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Diseases of the maxillary sinus have been associated with dental roots near the maxillary sinus that have undergone endodontic treatment. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the presence of filamentous fungi in patients with dental roots near the maxillary sinus who had apical periodontitis treated endodontically, and to alert practitioners that this could be a possible avenue of contamination of the sinus in patients who develop maxillary sinus infection. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in 60 palatal roots of the first maxillary molars near the maxillary sinus, that underwent endodontic treatment for apical periodontitis. After removal of the filling material, dentin shavings were collected and placed in test tubes containing Sabouraud dextrose agar and chloramphenicol. The phenotype was determined by macroscopic and microscopic examination of the colonies. For polymerase chain reaction, the primers ITS-5 and ITS-4 were used. The sequences obtained were compared with those deposited at GenBank using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool program. RESULTS: Filamentous fungi were isolated from 6 of 60 canals (10%): Aspergillus niger (6.7%), Aspergillus versicolor (1.6%), and Aspergillus fumigatus (1.6%). CONCLUSION: Root canals near the maxillary sinus with endodontic treatment and apical periodontitis may exhibit positive cultures for filamentous fungi. Interested professionals should be alert, because these microorganisms have pathogenic characteristics that can cause disease of odontogenic origin in the maxillary sinus.
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Aspergilose/microbiologia , Cavidade Pulpar/microbiologia , Doenças Maxilares/microbiologia , Seio Maxilar/microbiologia , Periodontite Periapical/microbiologia , Aspergilose/diagnóstico , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Doenças Maxilares/diagnóstico , Periodontite Periapical/diagnósticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The number of HIV-infected people has increased almost continuously. Paediatric dentists should be concerned about the oral findings in HIV-infected children and their aetiologic factors, to promote adequate treatment. AIM: To present the oral health aspects of Brazilian HIV-infected children and to verify the aetiological factors. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted with HIV-infected children. During the medical appointments, children were submitted to visual-tactile exams of oral soft tissues and teeth. All parents answered questions in a structured interview. Data were analysed using the SPSS, release 10.0 (Chicago, IL, USA). RESULTS: Of the 57 children examined, 39 (69.6%) presented one or more oral soft tissue manifestations. More than a half suffered from gingivitis and only 12.5% had no visible dental biofilm. A high prevalence of dental surfaces with active carious lesions was observed; mean DMFS-m and dmfs-m scores were 5.41 ± 5.61 and 16.77 ± 19.52, respectively. Caries activity and gingivitis were correlated with the presence of mature dental biofilm. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of soft tissue lesions, dental caries and gingivitis in HIV-infected children was high and correlated to lack of satisfactory oral hygiene habits, suggesting the need of therapeutic programmes that allow these children to recover their oral health.
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Infecções por HIV/complicações , Doenças da Boca/epidemiologia , Saúde Bucal , Adolescente , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Entrevistas como Assunto , Masculino , Higiene Bucal , PrevalênciaRESUMO
A Odontologia contemporânea não deve restringir-se a identificar cavidades, mas, também, despertar para um diagnóstico precoce das lesões cariosas iniciais. Os mais diversos e modernos métodos de detecção de cárie vêm sendo desenvolvidos com objetivo de tornar mais preciso o diagnóstico de cárie dental. Os métodos de detecção mais utilizados são os convencionais, porém a associação dos métodos proporciona melhores resultados ao exame clínico tradicional isolado. Este estudo teve como propósito a revisão de literatura sobre os métodos de detecção da doença cárie disponíveis atualmente, baseados nos métodos radiográficos, fluorescência a laser e corrente elétrica.
The contemporary Odontology cannot be restricted to just identify cavities, but must be interested in an early diagnosis of caries lesions. Varied and modern methods of caries detection are being developed, aiming to turn the diagnosis of dental caries more accurate. The conventional methods are most used for detection, however, the association of methods offer better results to the clinician. The purpose of this paper was to do a literature review and to compare the methods of caries detection, based on radiographic methods, laser fluorescence and electric chain.
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Humanos , Cárie Dentária , Cárie Dentária/diagnóstico , Cárie Dentária/diagnóstico por imagem , Testes de Atividade de Cárie DentáriaRESUMO
The aim of the present paper was to compare different methods for detecting methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Among the isolates analyzed, 52 belonged to MRSA international lineages commonly detected in the American continent and 14 to sporadic MRSA clones. Both 30 microg-cefoxitin disk and PBP2a had 100% sensibility/specificity when the low-level heterogeneous isolates were tested and, thus, are highly recommended.
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Testes de Sensibilidade a Antimicrobianos por Disco-Difusão/métodos , Resistência a Meticilina/genética , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/genética , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Cefoxitina/farmacologia , Humanos , Meticilina/farmacologia , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/classificação , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos , América do Norte , Oxacilina/farmacologia , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , América do SulRESUMO
Community-acquired infections by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) in the absence of classic risk factors for MRSA diseases have been reported in different continents. In the article presented here, using molecular typing methods as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec typing, and multilocus sequence typing, we characterized CA-MRSA isolates from Rio Janeiro and Porto Alegre. The results indicated the presence of international CA-MRSA clones in these 2 Brazilian cities. In addition, Panton-Valentine leukocidin and a number of staphylococcal enterotoxin encoding genes were accessed in these MRSA isolates by polymerase chain reaction detection.
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Resistência a Meticilina/genética , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação , Toxinas Bacterianas/genética , Brasil/epidemiologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/epidemiologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/genética , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/microbiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla/genética , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Exotoxinas/genética , Genótipo , Humanos , Leucocidinas/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Infecções Estafilocócicas/classificação , Infecções Estafilocócicas/genética , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/genéticaRESUMO
Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has recently emerged in the southwestern Pacific, North America, and Europe. These S. aureus isolates frequently shared some genetic characteristics, including the SCCmec type IV and lukS-lukF genes. In this paper we show that typical CA-MRSA isolates have spread to South America (Brazil).
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Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/epidemiologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/epidemiologia , Resistência a Meticilina , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/microbiologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/microbiologia , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , América do Sul/epidemiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/classificação , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/genéticaRESUMO
Este artigo tem por objetivo relatar o caso de uma criança com cárie de estabelecimento precoce, na qual foi identificada a influência de fatores biológicos e não-biológicos no estabelecimento deste quadro bucal. Dentre os fatores biológicos ressaltaram-se a colonização precoce, tendo a mãe como principal fonte de transmissão dos microrganismos, presença de biofilme espesso devido a escovação deficiente, entre outros. Quanto aos não-biológicos, foram verificados fatores culturais, comportamentais, socioeconômicos, psicológicos e direta interação entre a transmissibilidade de hábitos da mãe. Concomitantemente ao tratamento curativo, foram enfatizados os seguintes procedimentos preventivos: motivação à higiene dental, orientação de dieta, estímulo e valorização da saúde bucal, ressaltando a importância da transmissibilidade de hábitos familiares para o desenvolvimento da doença cárie
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Humanos , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Cárie Dentária , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa , Hábitos , Doenças Transmissíveis , Relações Mãe-Filho , Reabilitação Bucal , Higiene BucalRESUMO
The utilization of medicines to treat HIV-infected children has been promoting a decrease in the prevalence of soft-tissue oral lesions, as years pass by. In contrast, it has been observed that the experience of caries and gingivitis is constant in this population, mostly because of the chronic influence of some factors involved in the HIV-infection process, such as the chronic utilization of sweetened liquid medicines and carbohydrate-enriched diet, as well as frequent episodes of hospitalization. So, the purpose of this study was to evaluate if the quality and quantity of biofilm are important factors in the activity of dental caries and gingivitis, also in this special group. After examination of the biofilm (biofilm index - Ribeiro23, 2000), the activity of caries and gingivitis was assessed in 56 children, aging from 0 to 14 years, who were patients with definitive diagnosis of HIV infection. It was observed that only 7 subjects (12.5%) did not present with clinically visible biofilm, and 33 (58.9%) presented with gingivitis, with the average of 4.44 bleeding sites. As to dental caries, 73.2% of the patients presented with active carious lesions. A strong correlation was verified between Biofilm Index, gingival status and active carious lesions (Spearman's correlation test, r s = +0.57 and r s = +0.49, respectively). It was concluded that, also in HIV-infected children, the quality and quantity of biofilm over the dental surfaces are important etiologic factors related to the activity of caries and gingivitis. Biofilm should, thus, be controlled in order to reestablish the oral health of HIV-infected children.
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Biofilmes , Cárie Dentária/microbiologia , Gengivite/microbiologia , Soropositividade para HIV/complicações , Adolescente , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Testes de Atividade de Cárie Dentária , Feminino , Gengivite/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
A utilizaçäo de terapia medicamentosa em crianças infectadas pelo HIV (HIV+) vem promovendo a diminuiçäo na prevalência de manifestaçöes bucais em tecidos moles ao longo dos anos. Entretanto, observa-se uma constância na experiência de cárie e gengivite desta populaçäo, sobretudo devido à influência crônica de alguns fatores envolvidos no processo da infecçäo pelo HIV, como uso prolongado de medicamentos líquidos açucarados, dieta rica em carboidratos e repetidos episódios de internaçäo. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar se a qualidade e quantidade de biofilme representam um fator importante na atividade da doença cárie e gengivite neste grupo em especial. Após exame do biofilme (Índice de biofilme/ RIBEIRO23, 2000), da atividade de cárie e gengivite de 56 crian;as, de 0 a 14 anos, pacientes com diagnóstico definitivo de infecçäo pelo HIV, observou-se que somente 7 (12,5 por cento) näo apresentavam biofilme visível clinicamente e 33 (58,9 por cento) apresentavam gengivite, com, em média, 4,44 superfícies com sangramento. Quanto à doença cárie, 73,2 por cento das crianças apresentavam lesöes cariosas ativas. Verificou-se ainda a correlaçäo entre o Indice de biofilme, o estado gengival e a atividade das lesöes cariosas (Teste de correlaçäo de Spearman, rs +0,57 e rs +0,49, respectivamente). Conclui-se, que nas crianças HIV+ avaliadas, a qualidade e quantidade de biofilme sobre a superfície dental representam um importante fator na etiologia da atividade das doenças cárie e gengivite, podendo e devendo este ser trabalhado para que seja possível restabelecer a saúde bucal destas crianças
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Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Recém-Nascido , Criança , Adolescente , Masculino , Feminino , Biofilmes , Cárie Dentária/etiologia , Criança , Gengivite , Soropositividade para HIVRESUMO
Com o aumento da prática de esportes entre crianças e adolescentes, a ocorrência de acidentes envolvendo injúrias aos tecidos bucais e peribucais vem se tornando cada vez mais comum. Assim os autores relatam um caso de trauma nos tecidos bucais, durante a prática de capoeira, sofrido por uma criança de 11 anos de idade, a qual, por apresentar-se insegura, foi encorajada a continuar praticando o esporte através do uso do protetor bucal. Os autores também descrevem a técnica de confecçäo dos protetores e enfatizam a necessidade de maior divulgaçäo para o uso destes na prática desportiva
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Traumatismos em Atletas , Protetores Bucais , Prevenção de Acidentes , BocaRESUMO
O medo é um forte aliado na luta pela sobre vivência. Este sentimento funciona como um termômetro do perigo, colocando o indivíduo em alerta numa situação de risco. Porém, quando o medo se manifesta de forma intensa, persistente e irracional, pode dar lugar aos transtornos fóbicos-ansiosos, popularmente conhecidas como fobias. Estes distúrbios de ansiedade e angústia acometem 10 por cento da população. A fobia pode desencadear automaticamente uma série de manifestações no orgnismo