RESUMO
The knowledge of the superolateral surface brain anatomy is fundamental to localize and to approach the cerebral lesions. A literature review of the signs and landmarks for the identification of its sulci and gyri in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging had been done. The combined use of these several signs makes possible the sulci and gyri identification and its cerebral lesions localization in almost all cases.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/anatomia & histologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Suturas Cranianas/anatomia & histologia , Lobo Frontal/anatomia & histologia , Lobo Parietal/anatomia & histologia , Lobo Temporal/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
The authors describe how to use the three-dimensional (3D) anaglyphic method to produce stereoscopic prints for anatomical and surgical teaching and reports preparation by using currently available nonprofessional photographic and computer methods. As with any other method of producing stereoscopic images, the anaglyphic procedure is based on the superimposition of two slightly different images of the object to be reproduced, one seen more from a left-sided point of view and the other seen more from a right-sided point of view. The pictures are obtained using a single camera, which following the first shot can be slid along a special bar for the second shot, or by using two cameras affixed to a surgical microscope. After the images have been distinguished from each other by applying different complementary color dyes, the images are scanned and superimposed on each other with the aid of nonprofessional imaging-manipulation software used on a standard personal computer (PC), and are printed using a standard printer. To be seen stereoscopically, glasses with colored lenses, normally one red and one blue, have to be used. Stereoscopic 3D anaglyphic prints can be produced using standard photographic and PC equipment; after some training, the prints can be easily reproduced without significant cost and are particularly helpful to disclose the 3D character of anatomical structures.
Assuntos
Anatomia/educação , Educação Médica/métodos , Neurocirurgia/educação , Fotografação/métodos , Recursos Audiovisuais , Percepção de Profundidade , Óculos , Humanos , EditoraçãoRESUMO
The authors review acute and delayed traumatic intracerebral hemorrhages. Based on recent experimental and clinical data, these injuries' clinical presentation, pathologic characteristics, and treatment are discussed. A description of traumatic hemorrhage based on biomechanics is emphasized.
Assuntos
Lesões Encefálicas/fisiopatologia , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Hemorragia Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Encéfalo/patologia , Lesões Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Lesões Encefálicas/terapia , Hemorragia Cerebral/diagnóstico , Hemorragia Cerebral/terapia , Humanos , Pressão IntracranianaRESUMO
A medida continua de pressao intracraniana e importante para a adequada avaliacao de muitas afeccoes neurologicas e neurocirurgicas. A medida da pressao intracraniana por meio de parafusos colocados no espaco subaracnoideo periencefalico e pratica, segura, fidedigna e simples, sendo ha varios anos empregada em muitos centros neurocirurgicos de destaque 3,4,7,10,12,13, 14,15,17. Numerosos problemas tecnicos e complicacoes sao observados com o emprego dos parafusos originais 1,19. Os autores apresentam modificacoes da tecnica de confeccao e de aplicacao dos parafusos atualmente utilizados, a fim de minorar os problemas observados com os parafusos tradicionais