RESUMO

The lesser mealworm control is mostly made by insecticides, as the association of chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and citronellal. The traditional insecticide application method (TRADM) depends on many liters of water and, with the objective of reducing water consumption, the aim was to compare TRADM with atomizer-equipment method (ATOMM). Four and three houses from farm A and B were used, respectively. Houses 1, 3 and 7 were treated with TRADM (1 liter of insecticide diluted in 500 liters of water) and houses 2, 4, 5 and 6 with ATOMM (1 liter of insecticide diluted in 9 liters of water). Twenty-four hours before and 30 (for farm A) and 45 days (for farm B) after the insecticide application, the number of insects was counted in each house (using 18 mapped traps/house). Farms were not considered different (p>0.05) and comparison was made between the houses. Houses were different (p<0.001) in the pre-treatment count, but they were equal in the second count (p=0.97). The insecticide application increased the number of traps without any insect (p<0.0001). In conclusion, the application method of chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and citronellal insecticide using atomizer equipment presented similar results than using the traditional application method. Both methods were effective in reducing the infestation of all houses, not making any difference if the dilution of the product was in 500 liters or in 9 liters of water; thus, it is possible to spend less water to run this management.

O controle do cascudinho é realizado principalmente por inseticidas, como a associação entre clorpirifos, cipermetrina e citronelal. O método tradicional de aplicação do inseticida (TRADM) depende de grande volume de água para a diluição e, visando à redução do uso de água, o estudo objetivou comparar TRADM com o método utilizando atomizador (ATOMM). Quatro galpões da propriedade A e três da B foram utilizados. Os galpões 1, 3 e 7 foram tratados com TRADM (1 litro inseticida:500 litros de água) e os galpões 2, 4, 5 e 6 tratados utilizando ATOMM (1 litro de inseticida:9 litros de água). Vinte e quatro horas antes e 30 (para A) e 45 dias (para B) após a aplicação foi realizada a contagem de cascudinhos em cada galpão (18 iscas mapeadas/galpão). Não houve diferença (p>0,05) entre as propriedades e os galpões foram considerados nas comparações. Estes diferiram quanto à contagem pré-tratamento (p<0,001), mas não diferiram na contagem pós-tratamento (p=0,97). A aplicação do inseticida aumentou o número de iscas sem insetos (p<0,0001). Concluindo, a aplicação do inseticida a base de clorpirifos, cipermetrina e citronelal usando atomizador apresentou resultado semelhante ao do método tradicional. Ambos os métodos são efetivos para reduzir a infestação de todos os galpões, não fazendo diferença se a diluição do produto foi realizada em 500 ou 9 litros de água; dessa forma, é possível gastar menor quantidade de água para realizar esse manejo.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The lesser mealworm control is mostly made by insecticides, as the association of chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and citronellal. The traditional insecticide application method (TRADM) depends on many liters of water and, with the objective of reducing water consumption, the aim was to compare TRADM with atomizer-equipment method (ATOMM). Four and three houses from farm A and B were used, respectively. Houses 1, 3 and 7 were treated with TRADM (1 liter of insecticide diluted in 500 liters of water) and houses 2, 4, 5 and 6 with ATOMM (1 liter of insecticide diluted in 9 liters of water). Twenty-four hours before and 30 (for farm A) and 45 days (for farm B) after the insecticide application, the number of insects was counted in each house (using 18 mapped traps/house). Farms were not considered different (p>0.05) and comparison was made between the houses. Houses were different (p<0.001) in the pre-treatment count, but they were equal in the second count (p=0.97). The insecticide application increased the number of traps without any insect (p<0.0001). In conclusion, the application method of chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and citronellal insecticide using atomizer equipment presented similar results than using the traditional application method. Both methods were effective in reducing the infestation of all houses, not making any difference if the dilution of the product was in 500 liters or in 9 liters of water; thus, it is possible to spend less water to run this management.(AU)

O controle do cascudinho é realizado principalmente por inseticidas, como a associação entre clorpirifos, cipermetrina e citronelal. O método tradicional de aplicação do inseticida (TRADM) depende de grande volume de água para a diluição e, visando à redução do uso de água, o estudo objetivou comparar TRADM com o método utilizando atomizador (ATOMM). Quatro galpões da propriedade A e três da B foram utilizados. Os galpões 1, 3 e 7 foram tratados com TRADM (1 litro inseticida:500 litros de água) e os galpões 2, 4, 5 e 6 tratados utilizando ATOMM (1 litro de inseticida:9 litros de água). Vinte e quatro horas antes e 30 (para A) e 45 dias (para B) após a aplicação foi realizada a contagem de cascudinhos em cada galpão (18 iscas mapeadas/galpão). Não houve diferença (p>0,05) entre as propriedades e os galpões foram considerados nas comparações. Estes diferiram quanto à contagem pré-tratamento (p<0,001), mas não diferiram na contagem pós-tratamento (p=0,97). A aplicação do inseticida aumentou o número de iscas sem insetos (p<0,0001). Concluindo, a aplicação do inseticida a base de clorpirifos, cipermetrina e citronelal usando atomizador apresentou resultado semelhante ao do método tradicional. Ambos os métodos são efetivos para reduzir a infestação de todos os galpões, não fazendo diferença se a diluição do produto foi realizada em 500 ou 9 litros de água; dessa forma, é possível gastar menor quantidade de água para realizar esse manejo.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pathogen that causes great economic losses in dairy and beef herds. The main disturbances caused by this virus are related to abortion, fetal malformation and mummification, and the birth of weak calves. In addition, this disease may result in persistently infected animals, as well as individual immune tolerance to the virus. However, the symptoms are nonspecific and variable, and dependent on the age of affected animal. The objective of the present study was to report three cases with clinical signs of BVDV infection, with subsequent confirmation of the diagnosis by reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction technique (RT-PCR). Cases: In a beef production farm located at the state of Para, Brazil, three animals presented severe diarrhea; the feces were liquefied and greenish-yellow in color; crusted lesions were visible and scattered over various parts of the animals bodies, including the muzzle, nostrils, periauricular region, and hooves; the tongue mucosa was undergoing an intense desquamation process. One of the affected animals, a 6-month-old calf, was euthanized following the recommendations of the Brazilian guide to good practices for animal euthanasia of the Ethics, Bioethics and Animal Welfare Committee / Federal Council of Veterinary Medicine. After euthanasia, this calf was necropsied and some of its organs [...]

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pathogen that causes great economic losses in dairy and beef herds. The main disturbances caused by this virus are related to abortion, fetal malformation and mummification, and the birth of weak calves. In addition, this disease may result in persistently infected animals, as well as individual immune tolerance to the virus. However, the symptoms are nonspecific and variable, and dependent on the age of affected animal. The objective of the present study was to report three cases with clinical signs of BVDV infection, with subsequent confirmation of the diagnosis by reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction technique (RT-PCR). Cases: In a beef production farm located at the state of Para, Brazil, three animals presented severe diarrhea; the feces were liquefied and greenish-yellow in color; crusted lesions were visible and scattered over various parts of the animals bodies, including the muzzle, nostrils, periauricular region, and hooves; the tongue mucosa was undergoing an intense desquamation process. One of the affected animals, a 6-month-old calf, was euthanized following the recommendations of the Brazilian guide to good practices for animal euthanasia of the Ethics, Bioethics and Animal Welfare Committee / Federal Council of Veterinary Medicine. After euthanasia, this calf was necropsied and some of its organs [...](AU)

Assuntos