RESUMO
Spasticity is a prevalent symptom of upper motor neuron syndrome, becoming debilitating when hindering voluntary movement and motor function and causing contractures and pain. Functional neurosurgery plays a crucial role in treating severe spasticity. Despite extensive literature on SDR for lower limb spasticity, there is a scarcity of papers regarding the procedure in the cervical region to alleviate upper limb spasticity. This case report details a cervical dorsal rhizotomy (CDR) performed for upper limb spasticity, resulting in significant improvement in spasticity with sustained outcomes and low complication rates. Neuroablative procedures like CDR become an option to treat spasticity.
Assuntos
Paralisia Cerebral , Rizotomia , Humanos , Rizotomia/efeitos adversos , Resultado do Tratamento , Espasticidade Muscular/etiologia , Espasticidade Muscular/cirurgia , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos/efeitos adversos , Extremidade Superior/cirurgia , Paralisia Cerebral/cirurgiaRESUMO
Este estudo analisou os aspectos cognitivos e comportamentais dos estudantes de uma universidade pública durante a graduação, considerando autopercepção de depressão, ansiedade e estresse, bem como uso de substâncias psicoativas e qualidade do sono. Foi realizado um delineamento longitudinal com 34 estudantes ingressantes em 2015/1 e formandos em 2018/2, aplicando-se questionário online. Do total de universitários, 22 eram mulheres e 12 eram homens, sendo que o consumo de drogas aumentou para ambos os sexos. A frequência da percepção de processos depressivos aumentou no fim do curso, enquanto a de ansiedade diminuiu, para ambos os sexos. Os dados de percepção do estresse mostraram aumento na frequência total. Houve correlação positiva fraca entre depressão e ansiedade ou estresse, mas correlação positiva moderada entre estresse e ansiedade no final do curso. Ainda, obteve-se um aumento expressivo de distúrbio do sono em homens e mulheres, porém de forma significativa apenas para os primeiros. Foi notada correlação positiva fraca entre a percepção de depressão, ansiedade ou estresse no final do curso. Faz-se necessário o acompanhamento multiprofissional do universitário, auxiliando na maneira de lidar com as dificuldades, bem como medidas de melhoria da qualidade de vida e sono.
This study analyzed cognitive and behavioral aspects of students at a public university during undergraduate study, considering self-perception of anxiety, depression and stress, as well as psychoactive substance use and sleep quality. A longitudinal project was conducted with 34 students entering in 2015/1 and graduating in 2018/2, applying an online questionnaire. Of the total of students, 22 were women and 12 were men, and drug use increased for both sexes. The frequency of perception of depressive processes increased at the end of the course, while anxiety decreased, for both sexes. Stress perception data showed an increase in total frequency. There was a weak positive correlation between depression and anxiety or stress, but a moderate positive correlation between stress and anxiety at the end of the course. It is still possible to notice that there was a significant increase in sleep disorders in men and women, but significantly only for the first. A weak positive correlation was noticed between the perception of depression, anxiety or stress at the end of the course. The multidisciplinary follow-up of the university student is necessary in order to assist in dealing with difficulties, as well as measures to improve quality of life and sleep.
Este estudio analizó los aspectos cognitivos y conductuales de los estudiantes en una universidad pública durante la graduación, considerando la autopercepción de depresión, ansiedad y estrés, así como el uso de sustancias psicoactivas y la calidad del sueño. Se realizó un diseño longitudinal con 34 estudiantes que ingresaron en 2015/1 y graduaron en 2018/2 aplicando un cuestionario en línea. El total de estudiantes universitarios, 22 eran mujeres y 12 hombres, con un mayor consumo de drogas para ambos los sexos. La frecuencia de percepción de los procesos depresivos aumentó al final del curso, mientras que la ansiedad disminuyó para ambos os sexos. Los datos para el estrés aumentaron en la frecuencia total. Hubo una correlación positiva débil entre la depresión y la ansiedad o el estrés, pero una correlación positiva moderada entre el estrés y la ansiedad al final del curso. Aun así, el aumento significativo en los trastornos del sueño en hombres y mujeres, sin embargo significado solamente para él primer. Una correlación positiva débil con depresión, ansiedad o estrés fue percibida al final del curso. Se hace necesario el acompañamiento multiprofesional de estudiantes universitarios, a fin de ayudar en la forma de tratar las dificultades, así como medidas para mejorar la calidad de vida y el sueño.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Autoimagem , Estudantes , Saúde Mental , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Álcool , Depressão , Qualidade do Sono , Ansiedade , Psicotrópicos , Estresse Psicológico , UniversidadesRESUMO
ABSTRACT This study outlined the profile of athletes participating in the Athlete Scholarship Program of the Federal District to conduct a processual analysis of factors composing the holistic dual career model. The research sample included 25 athletes who benefited from the program in 2014. Data were collected through an online structured questionnaire about the topic under discussion. The main results indicate that the athletes present no educational delay, have high educational expectations, and that most belong to the highest socioeconomic class. Sporting and educational institutions must stimulate the organization of public policies, increasing public investments in high performance sports.
RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi de traçar o perfil dos atletas do Programa Bolsa-Atleta do Distrito Federal a fim de realizar uma análise processual dos fatores que compõem o modelo holístico da dupla carreira. A amostra da pesquisa compreendeu 25 atletas beneficiados em 2014 e os dados foram coletados por meio do preenchimento de um questionário estruturado online, com perguntas sobre o tema em discussão. Os principais resultados mostram que os atletas não apresentam atraso escolar, têm alta expectativa educacional e a maioria pertence aos estratos socioeconômicos mais altos. As instituições esportivas e educacionais devem assumir um papel ativo para estimular a organização de políticas públicas potencializando o investimento do Estado para a promoção do esporte de alto rendimento.
RESUMEN El estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar el perfil de los atletas del Programa Bolsa-Atleta del Distrito Federal para realizar un análisis procedimental de los factores que conforman el modelo holístico de la carrera dual. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 25 atletas beneficiados en 2014 y los datos fueron recolectados mediante un cuestionario estructurado en línea. Los principales resultados de la investigación muestran que los atletas no presentan retraso escolar, tienen altas expectativas educativas y en su mayoría pertenecen a estratos socioeconómicos más altos. Las instituciones deportivas y educativas deben desempeñar un papel activo en el fomento de la organización de políticas públicas, potenciando la inversión del Estado en la promoción del deporte de alto rendimiento.
RESUMO
Phospholipase A2 Bothropstoxin-I (PLA2 BthTX-I) is a myotoxic Lys49-PLA2 from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom. In order to evaluate the DNA damage caused by BthTX-I, we used the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster and Comet assay in HUVEC and DU-145 cells. For SMART, different concentrations of BthTX-I (6.72 to 430 µg/mL) were used and no significant changes in the survival rate were observed. Significant frequency of mutant spots was observed for the ST cross at the highest concentration of BthTX-I due to recombinogenic activity. In the HB cross, BthTX-I increased the number of mutant spots at intermediate concentrations, being 53.75 µg/mL highly mutagenic and 107.5 µg/mL predominantly recombinogenic. The highest concentrations were neither mutagenic nor recombinogenic, which could indicate cytotoxicity in the wing cells of D. melanogaster. In vitro, all BthTX-I concentrations (1 to 50 µg/mL) induced decrease in HUVEC cell viability, as well as in DU-145 cells at concentrations of 10, 25, and 50 µg/mL. The comet assay showed that in HUVEC and DU-145 cells, all BthTX-I concentrations promoted increase of DNA damage. Further studies should be performed to elucidate the mechanism of action of PLA2 BthTX-I and its possible use in therapeutic strategies against cancer.
Assuntos
Bothrops/metabolismo , Venenos de Crotalídeos/toxicidade , Fosfolipases A2/metabolismo , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaio Cometa , Drosophila melanogaster , Células Endoteliais da Veia Umbilical Humana , Humanos , Mutação/genéticaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to detect early hypertension, diabetes and obesity, as well as their risk factors, in 105 young shooters from Tiro de Guerra 11-002 in the city of Ituiutaba-MG. This is a cross-sectional mixed study. A semi-structured questionnaire that contained questions related to the sociodemographic context, health status, lifestyle, eating habits, and psychosocial variables was applied. Blood pressure, anthropometric indexes, and lipid and glycemic profiles were measured. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including Pearson's correlation test and Spearman's coefficient, considering significative value (p < 0.05). The shooters had an average of 18.9 years old, most educated and brown. Anthropometric indices indicated a mainly eutrophic population, and normotensive and desirable lipid and glycemic profiles. However, overweight, high blood pressure, and self-declaration of family history for chronic diseases were identified. In addition, most shooters affirmed to ingest alcoholics beverages, to have insufficient time of physical activity, and to be aware of their levels of stress, pressure and anxiety and a few hours of sleep. Overall, the shooters showed good anthropometric and biochemical indicatorsof blood. Risk behavior, such as drinking alcoholic beverages and smoking, low level of physical activity and self-perception of stress, anxiety and pressure were also noted.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Nível de Saúde , Fatores de Risco , Comportamento do Adolescente/fisiologia , Doenças não Transmissíveis/prevenção & controle , Ansiedade , Qualidade de Vida , Tabagismo , Exercício Físico , Estado Nutricional/fisiologia , Doença Crônica , Diabetes Mellitus , Sobrepeso , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , Alcoólicos , Pressão Arterial/fisiologia , Angústia Psicológica , Fatores Sociodemográficos , Hipertensão , Estilo de Vida , Lipídeos/fisiologia , ObesidadeRESUMO
Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi apresentar e analisar o perfil educacional e esportivo dos atletas de saltos ornamentais que participaram do Troféu Brasil de 2018, mediante utilizaão de um questionário estruturado com base na perspectiva de formação holística para a dupla carreira. Com amostra definida em 15 participantes, a análise exploratória foi conduzida por meio de estatística descritiva no SPSS mediante frequência geral e específica. Os resultados sugerem a compatibilidade entre as formações esportiva e educacional em uma perspectiva denominada trajetórias de transição fluidas, observando-se casos de descontinuação na formação superior. Ressalta-se a carência de uma legislação nacional sobre dupla carreira e de políticas institucionais que promovam o acesso, a permanência e a finalização da formação acadêmica dos atletas de alto rendimento, bem como aponta-se a necessidade de novos estudos com diferentes modalidades a fim de que se aprofunde o debate sobre a dupla carreira esportiva.
Abstract This study aims to present and analyze the sporting and educational profile of fancy diving athletes who participated in the 2018 Brazil Tournament (Troféu Brasil). It uses a questionnaire based on the holistic training model for a dual career. Exploratory analysis was conducted with a sample of 15 individuals, using descriptive statistics on the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software according to general and specific frequency. The results suggest that sporting and educational training are compatible under a perspective called fluid transition pathways, with cases of higher education discontinuation. The study underscores the lack of legislation on dual careers in Brazil as well as institutional policies that promote access, continuation and completion of academic education for high-performance athletes. Moreover, it points out the need for new studies to expand the debate on dual careers in sports.
Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue presentar y analizar el perfil, educacional y deportivo, de los atletas de saltos ornamentales que participaron en el Trofeo Brasil de 2018, utilizando un cuestionario estructurado basado en la perspectiva de la formación holística para el doble grado universitario. Con una muestra definida en 15 participantes, el análisis exploratorio fue conducido a través de estadística descriptiva en el software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) mediante frecuencia general y específica. Los resultados sugieren la compatibilidad entre las formaciones deportiva y educativa en una perspectiva denominada trayectorias de transición fluidas y se observaron casos de discontinuidad en la educación superior. Se destaca la falta de una legislación nacional sobre el doble grado y de políticas institucionales que promuevan el acceso, permanencia y finalización de la formación académica de los atletas de alto rendimiento, así como la necesidad de que se realicen nuevos estudios con diferentes modalidades para que se profundice el debate sobre el doble grado deportivo.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Esportes , Atletas , Mobilidade Ocupacional , EducaçãoRESUMO
The Semliki Forest virus (SFV) viral vector has been widely used for transient protein expression. This study aimed to analyze comprehensively the capacity of SFV vector to express rabies lyssavirus glycoprotein (RVGP) in mammalian cells. The assessed parameters were transfection strategy, multiplicity of infection (MOI), harvest time and mammalian cell host. Two transfection approaches, electroporation and lipofection were evaluated to obtain the recombinant SFV, and the electroporation was found to be the most effective. Viral quantification by RT-qPCR was performed to elucidate the relation between the amount of recombinant virus utilized in the infection process and the production levels of the heterologous protein. Four different multiplicities of infection (MOIs = 1; 10; 15; 50) were evaluated using five mammalian cell lines: BHK-21, HuH-7, Vero, L929, and HEK-293T. Protein expression was assessed at two harvest times after infection (24 and 48 h). The recombinant protein generated was characterized by western blot, dot blot, and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), while its concentration was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Similar expression patterns were observed in cell lines BHK-21, HEK-293T, L929, and Vero, with higher RVGP production in the first 24 h. The BHK-21 cells showed yields of up to 4.3 µg per 106 cells when lower MOIs (1 and 10) were used. The HEK-293 T cells also showed similar production (4.3 µg per 106 cells) with MOI of 1, while the L929 and Vero cell lines showed lower expression rates of 2.82 and 1.26 µg per 106 cells, respectively. These cell lines showed lower expression levels at 48 h after infection compared to 24 h. Controversially, in the case of the HuH-7 cell line, RVGP production was higher at 48 h after infection (4.0 µg per 106 cells) and using MOIs of 15 and 50. This work may contribute to optimize the RVGP production using SFV system in mammalian cells. This study can also substantiate for example, the development of approaches that use of SFV for applications for other protein expressions and suggests values for relevant parameters and cell lines of this biotechnique.
Assuntos
Glicoproteínas/genética , Glicoproteínas/metabolismo , Vírus da Raiva/metabolismo , Vírus da Floresta de Semliki/genética , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Chlorocebus aethiops , Eletroporação , Regulação Viral da Expressão Gênica , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Engenharia de Proteínas , Vírus da Raiva/genética , Transfecção , Células Vero , Proteínas Virais/genética , Proteínas Virais/metabolismoRESUMO
The aim of the present study was to appraise the mutagenic and recombinogenic potential of bupropion hydrochloride (BHc) and trazodone hydrochloride (THc). We used standard (ST) and the high bioactivation (HB) crossings from Drosophila melanogaster in the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test. We treated third-instar larvae from both crossings with different concentrations of BHc and THc (0.9375 to 7.5â¯mg/mL). BHc significantly increased the frequency of mutant spots in both crossings, except for the lowest concentration in the ST crossing. ST had also the mostly recombinogenic result, and in the HB, BHc was highly mutagenic. On the other hand, THc significantly increased the frequency of mutant spots in both the ST and HB crossings at all concentrations. The three initial concentrations were recombinogenic and the highest concentration was mutagenic for the THc. BHc and THc at high concentrations were toxic, even though their mutagenicity was not dose-related. THc significantly increased the frequency of mutant spots when metabolized, probably as a result of the production of 1-(3'-chlorophenyl) piperazine. BHc was essentially recombinogenic and when metabolized, it became mutagenic. THc was recombinogenic in both crossings. Further studies are needed to clarify the action mechanisms from BHc and THc.
Assuntos
Antidepressivos/toxicidade , Bupropiona/toxicidade , Drosophila melanogaster/efeitos dos fármacos , Mutagênicos/toxicidade , Recombinação Genética/efeitos dos fármacos , Trazodona/toxicidade , Animais , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Feminino , Masculino , Testes de Mutagenicidade , Mutação , Asas de Animais/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Usnic acid (UA) is one of the pharmacologically most important compounds produced by several lichen species. To better understand the mechanism of action (MOA) of this important substance, this study examined the genotoxicity attributed to UA and its influence on mutagens with varying MOA using the micronucleus (MN) test in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO). Additional experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of UA on colon carcinogenesis in Wistar rats employing the aberrant crypt focus (ACF) assay. In vitro studies showed a significant increase in the frequency of MN in cultures treated with the highest UA concentration tested (87.13 µM). In contrast, UA concentrations of 10.89, 21.78, or 43.56 µM produced an approximate 60% reduction in chromosomal damage induced by doxorubicin, hydrogen peroxide, and etoposide, indicating an antigenotoxic effect. In the ACF assay, male Wistar rats treated with different UA doses (3.125, 12.5, or 50 mg/kg b.w.) and with the carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine exhibited a significantly lower incidence of neoplastic lesions in the colon than animals treated only with the carcinogen. Data suggest that the MOA responsible for the chemopreventive effect of UA may be related to interaction with DNA topoisomerase II and/or the antioxidant potential of the compound.
Assuntos
Anticarcinógenos/farmacologia , Benzofuranos/farmacologia , Neoplasias do Colo/tratamento farmacológico , Instabilidade Genômica/efeitos dos fármacos , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Células CHO , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Testes de MutagenicidadeRESUMO
Neonicotinoids and phenylpyrazoles are classes of neurotoxic insecticides which are able to bind at different ligand sites of neural receptors, leading to the deregulation of insect neural activity and hence resulting in death. The misuse or indiscriminate use of these chemicals is directly associated with several toxicological effects in biota and at different trophic levels. Based on this premise, the aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the genotoxic capacity of different concentrations of thiamethoxam (TMX), acetamiprid (ACP), imidacloprid (IMI) and fipronil (FP) through the Micronucleus Test in Tradescantia pallida (Trad-MCN). After acclimatization (24â¯h), T. pallida stems were treated with stablished concentrations of TMX, ACP, IMI and FP for 8â¯h. Then, the stems of the model organism were submitted to a recovery phase (24â¯h). The young inflorescences were harvested and fixed in Carnoy solution and, after 24â¯h, were conserved in ethanol 70% until the analyzes. The obtained anthers were macerated on slides for microscopy, stained with acetic carmine dye and covered with coverslips before analysis by light microscopy. Considering the insecticides, the micronuclei (MN) frequency in plants treated at concentrations of 0.2 and 0.4â¯gâ¯L-1 for TMX, 0.2; 0.4 and 0.8â¯gâ¯L-1 for ACP, 0.1; 0.2; 0.4; 0.8 and 1.6â¯gâ¯L-1 for IMI and 0.2; 0.4; 0.8 and 1.6â¯gâ¯L-1 for FP differed statistically (pâ¯<â¯0.05, Tukey) from the MN frequency of the negative control. All chemicals evaluated revealed genotoxic activity in T. pallida at the highest concentrations.
Assuntos
Inseticidas/toxicidade , Testes para Micronúcleos , Tradescantia/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Testes de Mutagenicidade , Neonicotinoides/toxicidade , Nitrocompostos/toxicidade , PirazóisRESUMO
Objetivo: Apresentar os aspectos socioeconômicos e a ocorrência de eventos de queda entre idosos atendidos no sistema municipal de saúde. Métodos: Estudo descritivo e transversal realizado com 154 idosos, de ambos os sexos (feminino, n=88; masculino, n=66), atendidos nas unidades de saúde do município de Ituiutaba, Minas Gerais, em 2018. Realizou-se a coleta dos dados a partir da aplicação de questionário semiestruturado contendo questões socioeconômicas (escolaridade, ocupação, origem, renda e situação conjugal) e de condição clínica, incluindo eventos de queda. Analisaram-se as variáveis por estatística descritiva. Resultados: Dos idosos, 80,5% (n=124) era de origem rural, com maior prevalência de mulheres (57,1%; n=68). Sobre as quedas e seus aspectos relacionados, 37,7% (n=58) dos idosos afirmaram ter sofrido algum evento nos últimos 12 meses, sendo mais prevalente entre aqueles com idade entre 70 e 79 anos (55,2%; n=32), do sexo feminino (67,2%; n=39). Em decorrência da queda, 32,7% (n=19) apresentaram fratura e, entre aqueles que caíram, 41,4% (n=24) relataram que a residência apresentava riscos para novos eventos de queda. Conclusão: Os eventos de queda autorreferidos pelos idosos investigados associam-se aos fatores inerentes do envelhecimento biológico, com acentuada feminização do envelhecimento, mas também aos fatores extrínsecos associados ao ambiente onde vivem.
Objective: To present the socioeconomic aspects and the occurrence of falls in older patients served by the municipal health system. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 154 older adults of both sexes (women, n=88; men, n=66) served at health care centers in the municipality of Ituiutaba, Minas Gerais, in 2018. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire that addressed socioeconomic issues (education, occupation, origin, income and marital status) and clinical conditions, including occurrence of falls. The variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: In all, 80.5% (n=124) of the older adults were from rural areas and there was a higher prevalence of women (57.1%; n=68). Regarding falls and related aspects, 37.7% (n=58) of the older adults reported at least one fall in the past 12 months, with a higher prevalence among those aged 70-79 years (55.2%; n=32) and women (67.2%; n=39). Fracture resulting from fall occurred in 32.7% (n=19) of the older adults and 41.4% (n=24) of those who fell said the house presented risks for new falls. Conclusion: Falls self-reported by the older adults analyzed were associated with factors inherent to biological aging and there was a marked feminization of aging. However, they were also associated with extrinsic factors related to the environment where they live.
Objetivo: Apresentar os aspectos socioeconômicos e a ocorrência de eventos de queda entre idosos atendidos no sistema municipal de saúde. Métodos: Estudo descritivo e transversal realizado com 154 idosos, de ambos os sexos (feminino, n=88; masculino, n=66), atendidos nas unidades de saúde do município de Ituiutaba, Minas Gerais, em 2018. Realizou-se a coleta dos dados a partir da aplicação de questionário semiestruturado contendo questões socioeconômicas (escolaridade, ocupação, origem, renda e situação conjugal) e de condição clínica, incluindo eventos de queda. Analisaram-se as variáveis por estatística descritiva. Resultados: Dos idosos, 80,5% (n=124) era de origem rural, com maior prevalência de mulheres (57,1%; n=68). Sobre as quedas e seus aspectos relacionados, 37,7% (n=58) dos idosos afirmaram ter sofrido algum evento nos últimos 12 meses, sendo mais prevalente entre aqueles com idade entre 70 e 79 anos (55,2%; n=32), do sexo feminino (67,2%; n=39). Em decorrência da queda, 32,7% (n=19) apresentaram fratura e, entre aqueles que caíram, 41,4% (n=24) relataram que a residência apresentava riscos para novos eventos de queda. Conclusión: Os eventos de queda autorreferidos pelos idosos investigados associam-se aos fatores inerentes do envelhecimento biológico, com acentuada feminização do envelhecimento, mas também aos fatores extrínsecos associados ao ambiente onde vivem.
Assuntos
Acidentes por Quedas , Envelhecimento , Saúde do Idoso , Promoção da SaúdeRESUMO
Spinosad (SPN) is a naturally-occurring insecticide obtained from the fermentation process of the actinomycete Saccharopolyspora spinosa. Owing to the larvicidal action, the compound has been used in the control of Aedes aegypti. As a new insecticide commercially available in the market, few data are reported on genotoxic effects in non-target organisms. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the mutagenic effect of SPN through the Micronucleus Test in Tradescantia pallida (Trad-MCN) and using the mutation and somatic recombination test in Drosophila melanogaster (SMART). At the Trad-MCN, after acclimatization (24â¯h), T. pallida stems were submitted to chronic treatment with SPN at concentrations of 0.156; 0.312; 0.625; 1.25 and 2.5â¯g/L solution for 24â¯h, followed by a recovery period. In SMART, considering the third stage larvae, offspring resulting from the ST and HB crossing were placed on chronic treatment (48â¯h) with 0.039; 0.078 and 0.156⯵g/mL of SPN solution. No mutagenic effect was observed at any of the evaluated concentrations in SMART. Additionally, SPN is more toxic after metabolism via CYP6A2 (cytochrome P450) in D. melanogaster. However, SPN at the concentrations of 0.625; 1.25 and 2.5â¯g/L was able to induce high frequency of micronuclei in T. pallida. Under the experimental conditions of T. pallida in the present study, SPN caused genotoxic activity.
Assuntos
Drosophila melanogaster/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrolídeos/toxicidade , Testes de Mutagenicidade/métodos , Tradescantia/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Proteínas de Drosophila , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Combinação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Inseticidas/toxicidade , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Testes para Micronúcleos , Mutagênicos/toxicidade , Tradescantia/genéticaRESUMO
The Semliki Forest virus (SFV) viral vector has been widely used for transient protein expression. This study aimed to analyze comprehensively the capacity of SFV vector to express rabies lyssavirus glycoprotein (RVGP) in mammalian cells. The assessed parameters were transfection strategy, multiplicity of infection (MOI), harvest time and mammalian cell host. Two transfection approaches, electroporation and lipofection were evaluated to obtain the recombinant SFV, and the electroporation was found to be the most effective. Viral quantification by RT-qPCR was performed to elucidate the relation between the amount of recombinant virus utilized in the infection process and the production levels of the heterologous protein. Four different multiplicities of infection (MOIs = 1; 10; 15; 50) were evaluated using five mammalian cell lines: BHK-21, HuH-7, Vero, L929, and HEK-293T. Protein expression was assessed at two harvest times after infection (24 and 48 h). The recombinant protein generated was characterized by western blot, dot blot, and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), while its concentration was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Similar expression patterns were observed in cell lines BHK-21, HEK-293T, L929, and Vero, with higher RVGP production in the first 24 h. The BHK-21 cells showed yields of up to 4.3 µg per 106 cells when lower MOIs (1 and 10) were used. The HEK-293 T cells also showed similar production (4.3 µg per 106 cells) with MOI of 1, while the L929 and Vero cell lines showed lower expression rates of 2.82 and 1.26 µg per 106 cells, respectively. These cell lines showed lower expression levels at 48 h after infection compared to 24 h. Controversially, in the case of the HuH-7 cell line, RVGP production was higher at 48 h after infection (4.0 µg per 106 cells) and using MOIs of 15 and 50. This work may contribute to optimize the RVGP production using SFV system in mammalian cells. This study can also substantiate for example, the development of approaches that use of SFV for applications for other protein expressions and suggests values for relevant parameters and cell lines of this biotechnique.
RESUMO
Resumo Este ensaio aborda os fundamentos que perspectivam o jogo como mediador da prática psicomotora e a centralidade da dimensão lúdica do corpo-em-relação, enquadrado numa dialética entre o corpo real e o corpo imaginário. Através de uma exposição de ideias, que se fundamentam em diferentes áreas do conhecimento, apresentamos algumas linhas orientadoras para que os profissionais da área da saúde, que pretendem atuar de forma terapêutica ou na ajuda ao desenvolvimento da criança, utilizem o jogo-em-relação. Após breves considerações sobre a psicomotricidade como prática-em-relação, equacionamos a gênese do jogo-em-relação e a sua fundamentação teórico-prática, explicitando a importância das vivências sensoriomotoras (gnosicopráxico) e das representações (imaginário-simbólico) no desenvolvimento psicocorporal e psicomotor da criança. Como considerações finais, veiculamos algumas reflexões necessárias para enquadrar o jogo na intervenção terapêutica, reforçando a importância do estabelecimento de uma relação de qualidade. De forma geral, ao longo do texto, abordamos um conjunto de ideias que permitem aos terapeutas, independentemente de serem psicomotricistas, terapeutas ocupacionais ou outros profissionais, refletir sobre a forma de solicitar a função, a sensorialidade e o imaginário, para favorecerem os processos de integração psíquica, ao utilizarem o jogo-em-relação como mediador da sua intervenção.
Abstract This essay article addresses some fundamentals that look at play as a mediator of psychomotor practice and the centrality of the body-in-relation playful dimension, framed in a dialectic between the real body and the imaginary body. Through an exposition of ideas, which are based on different areas of knowledge, we present some guidelines for health professionals who intend to act in a therapeutic way or assist with child development, using play-in-relation as intervention mediator. After brief considerations about psychomotricity as practice-in-relation, we equate the genesis of play-in-relation and its theoretical-practical grounds, explaining the importance of sensory-motor experiences (perceptive-praxis) and representations (imaginary-symbolic) in the psychocorporeal and psychomotor development of the child. As final considerations, we present some reflections necessary to frame play in therapeutic intervention, reinforcing the importance of establishing a quality relationship. In general, we approach a set of ideas that enables therapists - regardless of whether they are psychomotor therapists, occupational therapists, or others - to reflect on how to request function, sensoriality, and the imaginary to favor the processes of psychic integration, when using play-in-relation as mediator of their intervention.
RESUMO
Melipona scutellaris Latreille, 1811 (Hymenoptera, Apidae) is a pollinator of various native and cultivated plants. Because of the expansion of agriculture and the need to ensure pest control, the use of insecticides such as fipronil (FP) has increased. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sublethal doses of FP insecticide on M. scutellaris at different time intervals (6, 12, and 24â¯h) after exposure, via individually analyzed behavioral biomarkers (locomotor activity, behavioral change) as well as the effect of FP on different brain structures of bees (mushroom bodies, antennal cells, and optic cells), using sub-individual cell biomarkers (heterochromatin dispersion, total nuclear and heterochromatic volume). Forager bees were collected when they were returning to the nest and were exposed to three different concentrations of FP (0.40, 0.040, and 0.0040â¯ng a.i/bee) by topical application. The results revealed a reduction in the mean velocity, lethargy, motor difficulty, paralysis, and hyperexcitation in all groups of bees treated with FP. A modification of the heterochromatic dispersion pattern and changes in the total volume of the nucleus and heterochromatin were also observed in the mushroom bodies (6, 12, and 24â¯h of exposure) and antennal lobes (6 and 12â¯h) of bees exposed to 0.0040â¯ng a.i/bee (LD50/100). FP is toxic to M. scutellaris and impairs the essential functions required for the foraging activity.
Assuntos
Ecotoxicologia/métodos , Inseticidas/efeitos adversos , Animais , Abelhas , BrasilRESUMO
Physico-chemical and toxicological analyses are of fundamental importance to determine water quality. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of samples from the Mumbuca Stream and the Perdizes River, through both SMART and the wts test, respectively, in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster and to quantify the amount of heavy metals and other pollutants, which are indicative of environmental quality. Water samples were collected (M1, M2, P1, P2 and MP) and submitted to physico-chemical analysis, calculating the water quality index for each sampling site. In order to evaluate the toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of the samples, third instar larvae descended from the crossing between virgin female wts/TM3, sb1 and mwh/mwh males (wts test) and ST and HB (SMART) crosses were treated with samples from P1, P2, M1, M2 and MP sites. The physico-chemical analysis and the biological assay allowed us to conclude that undetected values for heavy metals and the low frequency of mutant spots (SMART) and epithelial tumor (wts) in treated flies from the Mumbuca Stream and Perdizes River may be due to the reduction of ceramic activities in the municipality. The physico-chemical analyzes identified altered the environmental quality parameters, which directly influenced the survival of D. melanogaster treated with samples of M2 and MP, which according to the WQI were classified as regular and poor environmental quality, respectively. The altered parameters may be due to clandestine domestic sewage sent downstream of the effluent.
Assuntos
Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Mutagênicos/toxicidade , Rios/química , Esgotos/análise , Qualidade da Água , Animais , Drosophila melanogaster/citologia , Drosophila melanogaster/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Metais Pesados/análiseRESUMO
Nanoparticles have been widely used in several sectors and their long-term effect on the body and environment remains unknown. To evaluate the mutagenic, recombinogenic and carcinogenic potential of 11 nm titanium dioxide nanocrystals (TiO2 NCs), the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) and the Test for Detection of Epithelial Tumors Clones (Warts-Wts) were used, both in Drosophila melanogaster. Third-instar larvae (72 + 4 h), obtained in both tests, were treated with different concentrations of TiO2 NCs ranging from 6.25 to 100 mM. Ultrapure water and urethane were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. At ST cross, all concentrations of TiO2 NCs showed a significant increase in the frequencies of mutant spots, demonstrating higher recombination rates. At the HB cross, only the 50 mM concentration showed a negative result. In the Wts Test, all used concentrations were carcinogenic, except for the 100 mM one, which was toxic. No relationship was demonstrated between the used concentrations and the obtained responses. There was no interference of the cytochrome P450 enzyme complex in the induction of mutant spots.
Assuntos
Carcinógenos/toxicidade , Drosophila melanogaster/efeitos dos fármacos , Mutagênicos/toxicidade , Nanopartículas/toxicidade , Titânio/toxicidade , Animais , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Testes de Mutagenicidade , Mutação/efeitos dos fármacos , Recombinação Genética/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Objetivo: Demonstrar os efeitos da equoterapia sobre o equilíbrio estático e dinâmico em um indivíduo com transtorno neurocognitivo devido a Doença de Huntington. Metodologia: Desenvolveu-se um estudo de caso, com a realização de 12 sessões de equoterapia, com duração de 45 minutos. A amostra foi composta por um indivíduo do sexo masculino, de 52 anos de idade, com diagnóstico comprovado de Doença de Huntington. Os exercícios terapêuticos basearam-se em estímulos para obtenção de equilíbrio, coordenação, flexibilidade, dissociação de cintura pélvica e escapular e estímulos cognitivos. A avaliação foi realizada pré e pós programa de equoterapia, através da Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg, que avaliou os equilíbrio estático e dinâmico. Resultados: Após as 12 sessões de equoterapia, foi possível observar mudanças no escores segundo a Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg. Em pré-equoterapia, o escore foi de 26 pontos e, pós-equoterapia, foi de 45 pontos. Escores abaixo de 35 indicam altos índices de queda. Conclusão: Sugere-se que a prática da equoterapia pode contribuir para a melhoria do equilíbrio corporal de pessoas com transtorno neurocognitivo devido à Doença de Huntington, principalmente nos aspectos relacionados a alcançar, girar, transferir-se e permanecer em pé. (AU)
Objective: This article aims to demonstrate the effects of equine therapy on static and dynamic balance in an individual with neurocognitive disorder due to Huntington's Disease. Methods: This is a case report, with completion of 12 sessions of hippotherapy, with a duration of 45 minutes. The sample was composed by an individual male, 52 years, with diagnosis proved of Huntington Disease. The therapeutic exercises were based on stimuli to obtain balance, coordination, flexibility, decoupling of pelvic and scapular and stimuli for cognition. The evaluation was performed pre and post program of hippotherapy, through the Berg Balance Scale, which evaluated the static and dynamic balance. Results: After 12 sessions of hippotherapy, it was possible to observe changes in scores according to the Berg Balance Scale. In pre-hippotherapy, the score was 26 points and, post hippotherapy, was 45 points. Conclusion: according to the Berg Balance Scale, there was a change in the score pre and post hippotherapy. In pre-hippotherapy, the same was associated with elevated risk of falls and, in post hippotherapy, the same presented scores that represent a low risk of falls, improving mainly on aspects related to achieve, rotate, move and remain on foot, promoting a higher level of independence, with less unstable and clues to falls in that individual study. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Terapia Assistida por Cavalos , Doença de Huntington , Transtornos Cognitivos , Disfunção Cognitiva , Equilíbrio Postural , TerapêuticaRESUMO
Objetivo: Verificar as mudanças ocorridas na vida de estudantes universitários após um ano de ingresso no meio acadêmico e a sua relação com fatores de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado em 2015, com 47 universitários, em Ituiutaba, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Aplicou-se questionário semiestruturado, autorresponsivo, com questões sobre dados sociodemográficos, hábitos de vida, aspectos clínicos de diabetes mellitus, hipertensão arterial sistêmica, obesidade e qualidade do sono. Além disso, coletaram-se amostras de sangue para análise do perfil bioquímico, além de medidas antropométricas e pressão arterial. Resultados: Encontrou-se prevalência de 64% (n=20) do sexo feminino, 53% (n=25) do grupo étnico racial branco e 55% (n=26) da faixa etária entre 18 e 19 anos. No decorrer de um ano, observou-se aumento na prevalência de prática de atividade física, refletindo na melhora da pressão arterial, na fração de colesterol de alta densidade (HDLc) e na qualidade do sono. Além disso, houve diminuição de 6,4% (n=3) tanto na circunferência da cintura aumentada quanto na circunferência da cintura substancialmente aumentada e diminuição de 21,2% (n=10) na relação cintura-quadril dos estudantes. A frequência de estresse, humor deprimido e ansiedade também apresentaram redução. Em contrapartida, aumentou a prevalência de pré-obesos em 6,4% (n=3), de uso de bebidas alcoólicas em 6,4% (n=3), de tabaco em 10,6% (n=5) e de drogas ilícitas em 8,5% (n=4). Conclusão: Percebeu-se uma diminuição na frequência de fatores de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis nos estudantes universitários investigados após um ano de curso.
Objective: To check the changes in university students' lives one year after university admission and their relationship to risk factors for non-communicable diseases. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out in 2015 with 47 university students in Ituiutaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil. A semi-structured and self-administered questionnaire was used to address sociodemographic data, life habits, clinical aspects of diabetes mellitus, systemic high blood pressure, obesity and quality of sleep. Additionally, blood samples were collected for the analysis of the biochemical profile and anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were performed. Results: Of the participants, 64% (n=20) were women, 53% (n=25) were white and 55% (n=26) were aged 18 and 19 years. Over one year there was an increase in the prevalence of physical activity, which improved blood pressure, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and quality of sleep. Additionally, there was a decrease in increased and considerably increased waist circumference of 6.4% (n=3) and a decrease in the waist-hip ratio of students of 21.2% (n=10). The frequency of stress, depression and anxiety also decreased. On the other hand, there were increases in the prevalence of pre-obesity in 6.4% (n=3), use of alcohol in 6.4% (n=3), use of tobacco in 10.6% (n=5) and use of illegal drugs in 8.5% (n=4) of the participants. Conclusion: The frequency of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases in the university students analyzed decreased one year after admission.
Objetivo: Verificar los cambios en la vida de los estudiantes universitarios después de un año de ingreso en el ambiente académico y su relación con los factores de riesgo para las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado en 2015 con 47 universitarios de Ituiutaba, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Se aplicó un cuestionario semiestructurado y auto aplicable con cuestiones sobre los datos sociodemográficos, los hábitos de vida, los aspectos clínicos de diabetes mellitus, la hipertensión arterial sistémica, la obesidad y la calidad del sueño. Además, se recogieron muestras de sangre para el análisis del perfil bioquímico además de las medidas antropométricas y de la presión arterial. Resultados: Se encontró la prevalencia del 64% (n=20) para el sexo femenino, el 53% (n=25) para el grupo étnico racial blanco y el 55% (n=26) para la franja de edad entre los 18 y 19 años. Durante un año se observó el aumento de la prevalencia de práctica de actividad física lo que refleja en la mejora de la presión arterial, la fracción de colesterol de alta densidad (HDLc) y en la calidad del sueño. Además, hubo disminución del 6,4% (n=3) en la circunferencia de la cintura aumentada y la circunferencia de la cintura sustancialmente aumentada y diminución del 21,2% (n=10) en la relación cintura-cuadril de los estudiantes. La frecuencia del estrés, el humor deprimido y la ansiedad también han tenido reducción. De otro lado, aumentó la prevalencia de pre-obesos en el 6,4% (n=3), de uso de bebidas alcohólicas en el 6,4% (n=3), de tabaco en el 10,6% (n=5) y de drogas ilícitas en el 8,5% (n=4). Conclusión: Se percibió una disminución de la frecuencia de los factores de riesgo para las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en los estudiantes investigados después de un año de curso.
Assuntos
Humanos , Qualidade de Vida , Hipertensão , ObesidadeRESUMO
Thiamethoxam (TMX) belongs to a class of neuro-active insecticides referred as neonicotinoids, while actara® (AC) is one of the most popular TMX-based products in Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mutagenic, recombinogenic and carcinogenic potential of TMX and AC insecticides. The mutagenic and recombinogenic effect of TMX and AC were evaluated in vivo by the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) while carcinogenic effects were evaluated through the Test for Detection of Epithelial Tumor Clones (wts test), both in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster. In the SMART, third instar larvae from standard (ST) and high bioactivation (HB) crosses were treated with different concentrations of TMX and AC (2.4; 4.8; 9.7 × 10-4 mM and 1.9 × 10-3 mM). The results revealed mutagenic effects at the highest concentrations tested in the HB cross. In the test for the detection of epithelial tumor, third instar larvae resulting from the cross between wts/TM3, Sb1 virgin females and mwh/mwh males were treated with the same concentrations of TMX and AC used in the SMART. No carcinogenic effect was observed at any of the concentrations tested. In this work, the inhibition of the mechanism of repair by homologous recombination was observed in flies exposed to 9.7 × 10-4 and 1.9 × 10-3 mM of AC. In conclusion, TMX and AC demonstrated to be a promutagen in the highest concentrations tested.