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BACKGROUND: Infertility increases stress and affects life quality. Mindfulness reduces stress and improves life quality, but its role in infertility remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of mindfulness on stress and quality of life of women with infertility. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An exploratory clinical study was conducted in women under infertility treatment, together with an 8-week mindfulness intervention (MND) or only infertility treatment (CTRL). Anxiety and quality of life were assessed at baseline and at the end of intervention with IDARE and FertiQoL questionnaires respectively, as well as salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol concentrations. Non-parametric statistics was used for analysis using an alpha value of 0.10. RESULTS: 14 MND and 15 CTRL completed follow-up. At baseline, CTRL patients exhibited better quality of life than MND; anxiety scores correlated negatively with quality of life. At the end of intervention, cortisol concentrations (p = 0.097), and the increments of amylase (p = 0.039), were higher in CTRL than in MND. Increases in quality of life were associated with basal anxiety score (p = 0.002), improvements in tolerability (p < 0.001), and mindfulness intervention (p = 0.014). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that mindfulness reduces stress and improves quality of life in women under infertility treatment.

ANTECEDENTES: La infertilidad incrementa el estrés y afecta la calidad de vida. OBJETIVO: Evaluar el efecto de mindfulness (atención plena) sobre la ansiedad, estrés y calidad de vida de mujeres infértiles. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio exploratorio en pacientes tratadas por infertilidad más una intervención de ocho semanas con mindfulness (grupo MND) o solo tratamiento de la infertilidad (grupo de control). Al inicio y después de ocho semanas se evaluaron la ansiedad (Inventario de Ansiedad Rasgo-Estado), la calidad de vida (FertiQoL), y las concentraciones salivales de α-amilasa y cortisol. Se utilizó estadística no paramétrica, con α = 0.10. RESULTADOS: 14 mujeres del grupo MND y 15 del grupo de control completaron el seguimiento. Al inicio, las pacientes del grupo de control mostraron mejor calidad de vida; las puntuaciones de ansiedad correlacionaron negativamente con la calidad de vida. Al final, el incremento de cortisol (p = 0.097) y amilasa (p = 0.039) fueron mayores en el grupo de control. Los incrementos en la calidad de vida se asociaron a ansiedad basal (p = 0.002), incremento en la subescala tolerabilidad (p < 0.001) y mindfulness (p = 0.014). CONCLUSIÓN: Los resultados sugieren que mindfulness disminuye el estrés y mejora la calidad de vida de pacientes bajo tratamiento de la infertilidad.

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INTRODUCTION: Thrombosis is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Venous thromboembolic disease (VTD) is considered a new epidemic. FXII deficiency is supposed to be a cause of thrombosis. To search for unknown causes of thrombosis in our population, our aim was to determine if FXII deficiency can be considered a risk factor for VTD. METHODS: Young adult Mexican patients with at least one VTD episode and healthy controls were included in this prospective, observational, controlled study. Liver and renal function tests, blood cytometry, and blood coagulation assays were performed. Plasma FXII activity and its concentration were evaluated. RESULTS: Over a two-year period, 250 patients and 250 controls were included. FXII activity was significantly lower in the control group compared to patients with VTD (p = 0.005). However, percentage of patients and controls with FXII deficiency was 8.8 and 9.2%, respectively (p = 1.000). No significant association was found between FXII deficiency and VTD (p = 1.0). FXII plasma concentration was lower in controls vs. patients with VTD: 4.05 vs. 6.19 ng/mL (p <0.001). Percentage of patients with low FXII plasma concentration was 1.6% and 6.0% in patients and controls, respectively (p = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS: FXII deficiency is a frequent finding in patients with VTD and controls in Mexico. Some patients with FXII deficiency had normal APTT result, an effect not described above. FXII plasma concentration was lower in patients with low activity.

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is often accompanied with metabolic disturbances attributed to androgen excess and obesity, but the contribution of each has not been defined, and the occurrence of metabolic disturbances is usually not investigated. Ninety-nine women with PCOS and forty-one without PCOS were evaluated. The clinical biomarkers of alterations related to glucose (glucose, insulin, and clamp-derived glucose disposal - M), liver (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase), and endothelium (arginine, asymmetric dymethylarginine, carotid intima-media thickness, and flow-mediated dilation) metabolism were measured; participants were categorized into four groups according to their obesity (OB) and hyperandrogenemia (HA) status as follows: Healthy (no-HA, lean), HA (HA, lean), OB (no-HA, OB), and HAOB (HA, OB). Metabolic disturbances were very frequent in women with PCOS (≈70%). BMI correlated with all biomarkers, whereas free testosterone (FT) correlated with only glucose- and liver-related indicators. Although insulin sensitivity and liver enzymes were associated with FT, women with obesity showed lower M (coef = 8.56 - 0.080(FT) - 3.71(Ob); p < 0.001) and higher aspartate aminotransferase (coef = 26.27 + 0.532 (FT) + 8.08 (Ob); p = 0.015) than lean women with the same level of FT. Women with obesity showed a higher risk of metabolic disorders than lean women, independent of hyperandrogenemia. Clinicians are compelled to look for metabolic alterations in women with PCOS. Obesity should be treated in all cases, but hyperandrogenemia should also be monitored in those with glucose-or liver-related disturbances.

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Establecer la capacidad discriminativa del puntaje de riesgo finlandés para disglucemia en usuarios de una unidad de medicina familiar localizada en zona conurbana del Estado de Guerrero, México. Material y métodos: Realizamos un estudio transversal de marzo a diciembre del 2021 en una Unidad de Medicina Familiar. Previo consentimiento informado aplicamos a 200 personas de 20 a 60 años, el puntaje de riesgo finlandés para detección de disglucemia, obtuvimos medidas somatométricas y cifras de glucosa plasmática en ayuno. Estimamos sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo y negativo, razón de verosimilitud positiva y negativa, y calculamos el área bajo la curva (AUC) para estimar la capacidad discriminativa del puntaje de riesgo, donde la prueba de referencia fue la glucosa en ayuno. Realizamos análisis bivariado para identificar factores asociados a disglucemia, obteniendo Odds Ratio (OR), e intervalos de confianza del 95 % (IC95%). La ocurrencia de disglucemia fue de 26.5 % (53/200). El AUC de la curva ROC del puntaje finlandés para disglucemia fue de 0.65 (IC95% 0.57-0.74). Los factores asociados a diabetes fueron ≥40 años (OR 2.1; IC95% 1.1-3.9), índice de masa corporal ≥25 Kg/m2 (OR 2.8; IC95% 1.2-6.7) y padecer hipertensión arterial (OR 2.2; IC95% 1.1-4.4). El FINDRISC demostró por AUC ser una mala herramienta para detectar personas en riesgo de padecer disglucemia, en población adscrita a unidad médica conurbana.

To establish the discriminative capacity of the Finnish risk score for dysglycemia in users of a family medicine unit located in the suburbs of the State of Guerrero, Mexico. We conducted a cross-sectional study from March to December 2021 in a Family Medicine Unit. With prior informed consent, we applied the Finnish risk score for the detection of dysglycemia to 200 people between the ages of 20 and 60, we obtained somatometric measurements and fasting plasma glucose figures. We estimated sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, positive and negative likelihood ratio, and calculated the area under the curve (AUC) to estimate the discriminative ability of the risk score, where the reference test was fasting glucose. We performed bivariate analysis to identify factors associated with dysglycemia, obtaining Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Result: The occurrence of dysglycemia was 26.5% (53/200). The AUC of the ROC curve of the Finnish score for dysglycemia was 0.65 (95%CI 0.57-0.74). The factors associated with diabetes were ≥40 years (OR 2.1; 95%CI 1.1-3.9), body mass index ≥25 Kg/m2 (OR 2.8; 95%CI 1.2-6.7) and suffering from arterial hypertension (OR 2.2; 95%CI 1.1 -4.4). The FINDRISC was shown by AUC to be a poor tool for detecting people at risk of suffering from dysglycemia, in a population attached to a suburban medical unit

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Tenacibaculum piscium, a gram-negative bacterium isolated from the skin ulcers of sea-farmed fish, has only been described in Norway. In the present study, we examined 16 Chilean Tenacibaculum isolates recovered from different organs in moribund and dead Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) cultured at different fish farms between 2014 and 2018. The present study applied biochemical, phenotypic, fatty acid and whole-genome sequence-based analyses to confirm the taxonomic status of the Chilean isolates. The obtained results are the first to confirm the presence of T. piscium in Chile and in Coho salmon, thus extending the recognized geographical and species distribution of this bacterium. Subsequent bath-challenge assays in Atlantic salmon utilizing three T. piscium isolates obtained from different hosts resulted in low cumulative mortality (i.e. 0-35%), even after exposure to an unnaturally high concentration of bacterial cells (i.e. > 107 cells/ml). However, scale loss and frayed fins were observed in dead fish. In silico whole-genome analysis detected various genes associated with iron acquisition, encoding of the type IX secretion system and cargo proteins, resistance to tetracycline and fluoroquinolones and stress responses. These data represent an important milestone towards a better understanding on the genomic repertoire of T. piscium.

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The aim of this research is to find if there is a relationship between firm location and road class, and whether location decisions regarding road class affect the probability of firm survival. We examine the location of 35 selected types of businesses in Mexico City in four road classes. We develop a location preference coefficient that indicates whether the number of businesses that locate within a road class is above or below the expected number. With this calculation we can not only see what class of road each business type prefers, but also the degree of this preference. We find certain business types to prefer only specific road classes while others have a higher variation in their preference. We then run a logistic regression model to predict firm survival after a 5-year period. We find that location on the road class preferred by the business type to be the variable that most contributes to the probability of firm survival.

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The deposition of trace elements around a pulp and paper industry in Morelia, Mexico, was evaluated using two lichen species as biomonitors. Samples of the foliose lichen Flavopunctelia praesignis and the fruticose lichen Usnea ceratina were collected in two remote areas and transplanted at different distances and directions from the pollution source. Lichen samples were exposed for 4 months (1) around the industrial area and (2) in their native habitats (control sites). We investigated the bioaccumulation of 11 trace elements in lichen thalli, and we compared the response of the two lichen species. To identify possible common sources, we evaluated the relationships between trace elements by correlations and cluster analyses. Our results showed that Cd was a good tracer for air pollution from the pulp and paper mills. In samples of Usnea ceratina exposed around the industrial area, Cd was significantly higher than in the remote area. Within the study area, trace element contents increase with the distance from the source, and they showed high depositions in the direction of prevailing winds. Moreover, we were able to detect groups of elements with similar behavior and common origins. Our results indicated that Flavopunctelia praesignis showed a higher capacity to accumulate trace elements than Usnea ceratina.

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BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has been associated with negative results in patients with A blood group and with a better evolution in O blood group individuals. AIM: Because the evidence regarding ABO blood groups and COVID was empirically not that clear in our country, we tested the association regarding COVID-19 and blood groups. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Adult patients were enrolled in this prospective, case-control, observational multicenter study. Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were assigned to one of three groups based on the clinical presentation of the infection. Age, gender, ABO and Rh blood groups, body mass index, history of diabetes mellitus or high blood pressure, and smoking were recorded directly or from their clinical charts. ABO blood group was obtained from 5,000 blood donors (50% each gender). Atherothrombotic variables were compared with a nation-wide data collection. RESULTS: A total of 2,416 patients with COVID-19 were included (women:39.6%; men:60.4%). There were no significant differences between cases and controls in terms of age. O blood group was the most frequently found in healthy donors and COVID-19 patients, but this blood group was significantly higher in COVID-19 patients vs. healthy donors. ABO blood group was not associated with the final health status in COVID-19 patients. Obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and smoking were significantly more frequent among COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSION: The proposed protective effect of the O blood group in COVID-19 patients could not be reproduced in the Mexican population while some atherothrombotic risk factors had a significant effect on the clinical evolution.

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Resumen ANTECEDENTES: El procedimiento quirúrgico del embarazo intersticial puede complicarse con hemorragia difícil de controlar; por esto en los últimos años se recurre a las técnicas que permiten el control hemostático, con lo que disminuyen la morbilidad y mortalidad relacionadas con el procedimiento. OBJETIVO: Describir el proceso para establecer el diagnóstico y decidir el tratamiento quirúrgico conservador en una paciente con embarazo intersticial con antecedente de salpingectomía homolateral y deseo de preservación uterina. CASO CLINICO: Paciente de 27 años, con antecedentes de un parto, tres abortos y un embarazo ectópico previo, con salpingectomía izquierda. Acudió a consulta debido a un retraso menstrual de siete semanas y dolor pélvico agudo. Ante la sospecha de embarazo ectópico se integró el protocolo diagnóstico. La cuantificación de la fracción-β de hormona gonadotropina coriónica fue de 8962 mlU/mL, el ultrasonido transvaginal reportó una imagen compatible con saco gestacional hacia la región del cuerno izquierdo y probable hemoperitoneo. En la laparotomía exploradora se encontraron: hemoperitoneo y embarazo intersticial izquierdo. Con el propósito de preservar la fertilidad se hizo una doble ligadura de la arteria uterina izquierda, a nivel de istmo uterino y del ligamento útero-ovárico y resección del saco gestacional intersticial, con cornuostomía. CONCLUSION: El embarazo intersticial es una urgencia obstétrica con alto riesgo de ruptura y hemorragia, por fortuna poco frecuente. La ligadura de las arterias uterinas, previa a la ablación quirúrgica del saco gestacional, es una alternativa individualizada en pacientes con esta complicación.

Abstract BACKGROUND: The surgical procedure of interstitial pregnancy can be complicated by bleeding that is difficult to control; for this reason, in recent years, techniques that allow hemostatic control to have been used, thus reducing morbidity and mortality related to the procedure. OBJECTIVE: To describe the process to establish the diagnosis and decide the conservative surgical treatment in a patient with interstitial pregnancy with a history of homolateral salpingectomy and desire for uterine preservation. CLINICAL CASE: 27-year-old patient, with a history of one childbirth, three miscarriages and a previous ectopic pregnancy, with left salpingectomy. She came for consultation due to a seven-week menstrual delay and acute pelvic pain. In view of the suspicion of ectopic pregnancy, the diagnostic protocol was integrated. The quantification of the β-fraction of chorionic gonadotropin hormone was 8962 mlU/mL, the transvaginal ultrasound reported an image compatible with gestational sac towards the left horn region and probable hemoperitoneum. At exploratory laparotomy, hemoperitoneum and left interstitial pregnancy were found. To preserve fertility, a double ligation of the left uterine artery at the level of the uterine isthmus and the utero-ovarian ligament and resection of the interstitial gestational sac with cornuostomy was performed. CONCLUSION: Interstitial pregnancy is an obstetric emergency with a high risk of rupture and hemorrhage, fortunately rare. Ligation of the uterine arteries, prior to surgical ablation of the gestational sac, is an individualized alternative in patients with this complication.

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INTRODUCTION: Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) are a therapeutic alternative in patients with venous thromboembolic disease; however, numerous factors affect their pharmacology. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of VKA anticoagulation at three different time periods in Mexico. METHODS: Prospective study, nested in patient cohorts at three different clinical scenarios between 2013 and 2019. Outpatients with indication for treatment with VKAs for at least 12 months were included. Patients were managed according to the criteria of the treating physician. RESULTS: Patient general characteristics were similar between groups, except for the VKA indication. The results of 4,148 patients and 38,548 INR assessments were analyzed. The times in therapeutic range during the three phases of the study and pooled data were significantly higher for the anticoagulation clinic. Only the number of patient visits was significantly associated with the results, unlike age, gender, and type of VKA. CONCLUSIONS: VKAs are widely used, but it is difficult for therapeutic goals to be achieved, especially in non-specialized clinical services. Creation of anticoagulation clinics is an urgent need for the Mexican health system.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los antagonista de la vitamina K (AVK) son una alternativa terapéutica en los pacientes con enfermedad tromboembólica venosa; sin embargo, numerosos factores afectan su farmacología. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la calidad de la anticoagulación AVK durante tres diferentes periodos en México. MÉTODOS: Estudio prospectivo, anidado en cohortes de pacientes en tres escenarios clínicos entre los años 2013-2019. Se incluyeron pacientes no hospitalizados con indicación para recibir AVK por al menos 12 meses, quienes fueron manejados de acuerdo con el criterio del médico tratante. RESULTADOS: Las características generales de los pacientes fueron similares entre los grupos, excepto por la indicación para usar los AVK. Se analizaron los resultados de 4148 pacientes y 38 548 evaluaciones de INR. Los tiempos en rango terapéutico durante las tres fases del estudio y los datos acumulados fueron significativamente mayores en la clínica de anticoagulación. Solo el número de visitas de control de los pacientes se asoció significativamente con los resultados, a diferencia de la edad, el sexo y el tipo de AVK. CONCLUSIONES: Los AVK se utilizan ampliamente, pero es difícil alcanzar la meta terapéutica, sobre todo en servicios clínicos no especializados. La creación de clínicas de anticoagulación es una necesidad urgente en el sistema mexicano de salud.

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Resumen: Introducción: la morbimortalidad permite evaluar la calidad asistencial, outcome y comparar diferentes centros asistenciales. Éste es el primer estudio de morbimortalidad en neurocirugía realizado en Uruguay. Objetivo: determinar la morbimortalidad global y específica en el Departamento de Neurocirugía del Hospital de Clínicas y la asociación entre complicación y morbimortalidad. Metodología: estudio observacional, descriptivo-analítico, longitudinal, retrospectivo de todos los pacientes >15 años que requirieron cirugía entre abril de 2017 y abril de 2019. Los datos se obtuvieron de historias clínicas y se analizaron las siguientes variables: edad, sexo, comorbilidad, clínica, diagnóstico, oportunidad quirúrgica, complicación, tipo de complicación, mortalidad, causa de mortalidad, outcome y tiempo quirúrgico. Resultados: 477 pacientes fueron intervenidos, 72 complicados. La mortalidad global fue 5,5% (26/477) y la morbilidad 15% (72/477). 36% de los pacientes complicados fallecieron (26/72). La patología vascular fue la morbilidad específica que más se complicó (20%, 14/69). La infección fue el tipo de complicación más frecuente (46%, 39/84). La propia evolución de la enfermedad y el terreno causó la muerte del 90% de los pacientes complicados operados de urgencia (19/21), siendo ésta última factor de riesgo independiente de fallecer (p=0,018). En coordinaciones, la causa de muerte estuvo vinculada al acto quirúrgico (80%). Hubo asociación entre patología vascular y morbimortalidad (p=0,015) y entre complicación isquémica y morbimortalidad (p=0,024). La presencia de hipertensión endocraneana (HEC) se asoció a un mal resultado (p=0,003). Conclusiones: los resultados muestran una buena calidad de atención comparado con otros centros. Aún existen aspectos a corregir para reducir la morbimortalidad.

Abstract: Introduction: morbidity and mortality rates allow for the evaluation of the quality of care and outcome and they also make it possible to compare different healthcare centers. This is the first morbidity and mortality study in neurosurgery carried out in Uruguay. Objective: to determine the global and specific morbidity and mortality rates in the Neurosurgery Department at the Clínicas University Hospital, and to determine if mortality and morbidity are associated to surgical complications. Method: retrospective, longitudinal, observational and descriptive analysis of all patients >15 years old that underwent a neurosurgical procedure between April 2017 and 2019. Data were obtained from patient medical records. The following variables were analyzed: age, sex, comorbidity, clinical data, diagnosis, opportunity of surgical procedure, complications, type of complication, mortality, cause of mortality, outcome and surgical time. Results: 477 patients underwent neurosurgical procedure, 72 of which were complicated surgeries. Overall mortality was 5.5% (26/477) and morbidity 15% (72/477). 36% of complicated patients died (26/72). Vascular pathology was the specific morbidity that complicated patients the most 20% (14/69). Infection was the most frequent type of complication 46% (39/84). The evolution of the disease itself and the terrain caused the death of 90% of complicated patients undergoing emergency surgery (19/21), being the latter an independent risk factor for death (p = 0.018). As to coordinated surgeries, the cause of death was associated to the surgical act (80%). Association was found between vascular pathology and morbidity and mortality (p = 0.015) and between ischemic complication and morbidity and mortality (p = 0.024). The presence of intracranial hypertension (IH) was associated with a bad outcome (p= 0.003). Conclusions: the results show a good quality of care compared to other centers. There are still aspects to correct to reduce morbidity and mortality rates.

Resumo: Introdução: a análise da morbimortalidade permite avaliar a qualidade do atendimento e dos resultados e comparar diferentes centros de saúde. Este é o primeiro estudo de morbimortalidade em neurocirurgia realizado no Uruguai. Objetivo: determinar a morbimortalidade global e específica no Departamento de Neurocirurgia do Hospital de Clínicas e a associação entre complicação e morbimortalidade. Metodologia: estudo observacional, descritivo-analítico, longitudinal, retrospectivo de todos os pacientes >15 anos que necessitaram de cirurgia entre abril de 2017 e 2019. Os dados foram obtidos dos prontuários dos pacientes e as variáveis analisadas foram: idade, sexo, comorbidade, aspectos clínicos, diagnóstico, oportunidade cirúrgica, complicação, tipo de complicação, mortalidade, causa da mortalidade, resultado e tempo cirúrgico. Resultados: 477 pacientes foram operados dos quais 72 apresentaram complicações. A mortalidade geral foi de 5,5% (26/477) e a morbidade de 15% (72/477). 36% dos pacientes com complicações morreram (26/72). A patologia vascular foi a causa específica de mortalidademorbidade específica mais freqüente 20% (14/69). A infecção foi o tipo de complicação mais freqüente 46% (39/84). A evolução da própria doença e do local da cirurgia ocasionou a morte de 90% dos pacientes com complicações submetidas a cirurgias de urgência (19/21), sendo este último fator de risco independente para óbito (p = 0,018). Nas cirurgias eletivas, a causa da morte esteve ligada ao ato cirúrgico (80%). Houve associação entre patologia vascular e morbimortalidade (p = 0,015) e entre complicação isquêmica e morbimortalidade (p = 0,024). A presença de hipertensão intracraniana (HEC) foi associada a um desfecho ruim (p = 0,003). Conclusões: os resultados mostram uma boa qualidade de atendimento em comparação com outros centros. Ainda há aspectos a serem corrigidos para reduzir a morbimortalidade.

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Resumen Introducción: Los antagonista de la vitamina K (AVK) son una alternativa terapéutica en los pacientes con enfermedad tromboembólica venosa; sin embargo, numerosos factores afectan su farmacología. Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de la anticoagulación AVK durante tres diferentes periodos en México. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo, anidado en cohortes de pacientes en tres escenarios clínicos entre los años 2013-2019. Se incluyeron pacientes no hospitalizados con indicación para recibir AVK por al menos 12 meses, quienes fueron manejados de acuerdo con el criterio del médico tratante. Resultados: Las características generales de los pacientes fueron similares entre los grupos, excepto por la indicación para usar los AVK. Se analizaron los resultados de 4148 pacientes y 38 548 evaluaciones de INR. Los tiempos en rango terapéutico durante las tres fases del estudio y los datos acumulados fueron significativamente mayores en la clínica de anticoagulación. Solo el número de visitas de control de los pacientes se asoció significativamente con los resultados, a diferencia de la edad, el sexo y el tipo de AVK. Conclusiones: Los AVK se utilizan ampliamente, pero es difícil alcanzar la meta terapéutica, sobre todo en servicios clínicos no especializados. La creación de clínicas de anticoagulación es una necesidad urgente en el sistema mexicano de salud.

Abstract Introduction: Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) are a therapeutic alternative in patients with venous thromboembolic disease; however, numerous factors affect their pharmacology. Objective: To evaluate the quality of VKA anticoagulation at three different time periods in Mexico. Methods: Prospective study, nested in patient cohorts at three different clinical scenarios between 2013 and 2019. Outpatients with indication for treatment with VKAs for at least 12 months were included. Patients were managed according to the criteria of the treating physician. Results: Patient general characteristics were similar between groups, except for the VKA indication. The results of 4,148 patients and 38,548 INR assessments were analyzed. The times in therapeutic range during the three phases of the study and pooled data were significantly higher for the anticoagulation clinic. Only the number of patient visits was significantly associated with the results, unlike age, gender, and type of VKA. Conclusions: VKAs are widely used, but it is difficult for therapeutic goals to be achieved, especially in non-specialized clinical services. Creation of anticoagulation clinics is an urgent need for the Mexican health system.

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BACKGROUND: Hyperhomocysteinemia, a thrombotic risk factor, may have several causes. Among the genetic causes of hyperhomocysteinemia, there are polymorphisms in the enzymes methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (C677T) and cystathionine ß-synthase (C699T, C1080T, and 844ins68). Although the frequency of hyperhomocysteinemia in our country is high, there is no evidence about the frequencies of these polymorphisms. METHODS: We analyzed 80 healthy individuals from several regions in our country. We evaluated the fasting and post-oral methionine load plasma Hcy and the genotypes in order to obtain the allele frequencies of the polymorphisms C677T of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and C699T, C1080T, and 844ins68 of the cystathionine ß-synthase. RESULTS: No individual had deficiency of folic acid, vitamins B12, or B6, but 80% had post-oral methionine load hyperhomocysteinemia. We found a significant increase in the Hcy plasma concentration associated with age and gender. Only the polymorphism C1080T was significantly associated with hyperhomocysteinemia. CONCLUSION: There is an association between fasting and post-oral methionine load plasma Hcy concentrations with the allelic frequencies of the polymorphisms C669T, 844ins68, and C1080T of the cystathionine ß-synthase and C667T of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase in healthy Mexican individuals. As compared with individuals with normal fasting or post-oral methionine load Hcy plasma levels, only C1080T was significantly associated with hyperhomocysteinemia.

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Resumen Este artículo presenta una visión propositiva de la bibliografía actual en la técnica de pateo en fútbol. Los objetivos de la investigación son: (i) identificar las variables cinéticas y cinemáticas potenciales utilizadas en los análisis de la técnica y (ii) determinar los valores de variables cinéticas y cinemáticas en relación con la técnica de pateo en fútbol. Se revisaron las siguientes bases de datos; PubMed y Taylor and Francis online, para obtener artículos seleccionados desde 2000-2017. Se utilizó la metodología PRISMA®; se incluyeron artículos con participantes adultos o juveniles sobre la mecánica de pateo en fútbol a través de variables biomecánicas. Los artículos incluidos fueron 29, posteriormente se elaboró un modelo técnico compuesto por cuatro fases: preparación, balanceo, impacto y seguimiento. Una perspectiva biomecánica con base en la técnica podría ofrecer una estrategia prometedora para mejorar, a partir del entrenamiento y análisis de la técnica, el rendimiento en fútbol además de proveer antecedentes para la prevención de lesiones.

Abstract This article describes a propositive vision of the current literature on soccer kicking techniques. It aims to identify the potential kinetic and kinematic variables used in the analysis of the techniques, and to determine the values of kinetic and kinematic variables in relation to the kicking techniques in soccer. PubMed and Taylor & Francis online were reviewed to obtain selected articles from 2000 to 2017. PRISMA® methodology was implemented. Twenty-nine papers were selected; they considered kicking techniques in soccer young or adult participants through biomechanical variables. Then, a four-phase technical model was prepared: preparation, roll, impact, and follow-up phases. A technique-based biomechanical perspective can offer a promising strategy to improve, from training and technique analysis, the performance in football, in addition to providing a background for injury prevention.

Resumo Este artigo apresenta uma visão propositiva da bibliografia atual sobre a técnica do chute no futebol. Os objetivos da pesquisa são: (i) identificar as variáveis cinéticas e cinemáticas potenciais utilizadas na análise da técnica e (ii) determinar os valores das variáveis cinéticas e cinemáticas em relação à técnica de pontapés no futebol. As seguintes bases de dados foram revistas; PubMed e Taylor e Francis online, para artigos selecionados de 2000 a 2017. Foi utilizada a metodologia PRISMA®; foram incluídos artigos com participantes adultos ou juvenis sobre mecânica do chute de futebol através de variáveis biomecânicas. Os artigos incluídos foram 29, posteriormente foi desenvolvido um modelo técnico composto por quatro fases: preparação, balanceamento, impacto e acompanhamento. Uma perspectiva biomecânica baseada na técnica poderia oferecer uma estratégia promissora para melhorar, a partir do treinamento e da análise da técnica, o desempenho no futebol, bem como fornecer um pano de fundo para a prevenção de lesões.

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INTRODUCTION: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the main cause of maternal morbidity and mortality globally, but it is far more important in non-developed countries. PPH represents 25% of all maternal deaths worldwide. Women with von Willebrand disease (VWD) and other inherited haemorrhagic disorders are at increased risk of PPH. Our aim was to establish a probable association of severe PPH in women with a history of haemostatic abnormalities. METHODS: An observational, controlled study of adult women with a one or more episodes of severe PPH requiring treatment in an intensive care unit or >10 units of blood products during the 24-hour period after diagnosis and their controls. The tests performed were blood cell count, blood group, renal, viral, liver function and haemostatic tests, fibrinogen, activity of the plasma factors and specific test to diagnose and classify VWD. RESULTS: We included 124 women with 133 PPH events and their controls. The median age at the first event was 25.5 years old. Results were significantly different between the groups in terms of fibrinogen concentration, VWF:Ag, VWF:RCo and FVIII. A specific diagnosis was established in 69 (55.6) and 4 (3.2%) patients in the PPH group and controls, respectively. Of 61 patients with VWD, 57 had type 1, two had type 2A, and another two had type 2B. CONCLUSION: Our results show a relationship between PPH and inherited haemostatic disorders. VWD was the most frequent diagnosis. Appropriate and opportune diagnosis before pregnancy of inherited haemostatic disorders may be important to effectively prevent and treat PPH.

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Resumen ANTECEDENTES: Los leiomiomas uterinos son los tumores benignos ginecológicos más frecuentes en las mujeres en edad reproductiva; por tanto, son extremadamente raros en las adolescentes (menos de 1%) y solo se encuentran reportes de caso en la bibliografía. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 16 años, con tumor suprapúbico de rápido crecimiento, acompañado de dolor abdominal generalizado, enviada a la unidad médica con diagnóstico de miomatosis uterina para descartar su malignidad. El ultrasonido pélvico reportó múltiples lesiones hipoecoicas diseminadas en el miometrio, similares a metástasis. La tomografía abdomino-pélvica informó hepatomegalia, a expensas del lóbulo izquierdo y leiomiomas intramurales de medianos y grandes elementos; los marcadores tumorales se encontraron en límites normales. En la laparotomía se encontró una tumoración interligamentaria izquierda de 25 cm; el estudio histopatológico reportó: leiomioma uterino de patrón histológico convencional. CONCLUSIONES: El cuadro clínico de los leiomiomas en adolescentes representa un reto clínico por la edad, signos, síntomas y necesidad de preservación de la función reproductiva, aspectos decisivos a la hora de decidir el tratamiento.

Abstract BACKGROUND: The uterine leiomyomas are the most common gynecological benign tumors in fertile females; however, they are very rare in adolescents (less than 1%) and there are only a few reports in the literature. CLINICAL CASE: A 16-year-old patient with a fast-growing suprapubic tumor, accompanied by generalized abdominal pain, sent to the hospital with diagnosis of pelvic tumor probable uterine miomatosis, to rule out malignant tumor. Pelvic ultrasound was performed with a report of multiple disseminated hypoechoic lesions in myometrium giving appearance of metastasis, without being the characteristic images of myomas, pelvic abdominal tomography reported hepatomegaly of the left lobe, intramural leiomyomas of medium and large elements, tumor markers within normal limits. The laparotomy was performed, left intraligamentary myoma of giant elements was located; and the histopathological study reported uterine leiomyoma of conventional histological pattern. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical of leiomyomas in adolescent patients represents a challenge for the gynecologist. The age, symptomatology, and preservation of reproductive function are important aspects to decide the therapeutic regimen.

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Objective: To evaluate the frequency of some subtle metabolic alterations in a group of adolescents with obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, comparative study was conducted in a group of adolescents with obesity, and characterized as with or without PCOS according with the Rotterdam Consensus. Medical history, anthropometry, gynecologic pelvic ultrasound (to evaluate ovarian volumes, number of antral follicles and endometrial width), as well as serum glucose, insulin, lipoproteins, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, sexual hormones binding globulin, leptin, adiponectin and insulin-like growth factor 1, the free-androgen index, free and available testosterone, and homeostatic model assessment index were calculated. For statistics, mean and standard deviation, or median and ranges were used for description as appropriate. Likewise, Student t-test or Mann-Whitney test were used for comparisons. Results: From a sample of 180 adolescents, 47 attached to selection criteria. Mean age was 13.5 year and Z-score 2.5. Eighty percent of adolescents presented central distribution of body fat and 95% hyperinsulinemia. The more frequent dyslipidemias were hypertriglyceridemia in 57% and hypercholesterolemia in 12.8%; 25.5% of adolescents presented two out of three criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Body mass index and insulin were correlated with free testosterone, but the multivariate analysis demonstrated that the magnitude of the association was significantly higher in SOP patients. Conclusions: The metabolic alterations detected in obese adolescents with SOP suggest that the clinical manifestations that accompany the syndrome characterize the PCOS as a metabolic disease, which carry important health risks at short, medium and long term. Therefore, they merit intervening actions to prevent, diagnose and provide timing treatment in order to limit the damage in the course of the natural history of PCOS.

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Little is known of the truffle-like fungi of northern Mexico. Few mycologists have collected truffle-like specimens in this area. The wide diversity of habitat and potential mycorrhizal partners portend a unique and varied truffle-like mycota. In the conduct of recent field studies in this region we collected many interesting truffle-like specimens. We present two taxa that have unique characteristics, brownish spores with spines embedded within a distinctly inflated utricle surrounding each spore. Aroramyces balanosporus and A. herrerae are described as new species. This is the first record of the genus Aroramyces from North America.

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Using the ITS region and the gene tef1, 23 strains of the genus Trichoderma were identified as belonging to the species T. harzianum (n = 14), T. olivascens (n = 1), T. trixiae (n = 1), T. viridialbum (n = 1), T. tomentosum (n = 2), T. koningii (n = 1), T. atroviride (n = 1), T. viride (n = 1), and T. gamsii (n = 1). Strains expressing extracellular laccase activity were selected by decolorization/oxidation assays in solid media, using azo, anthraquinone, indigoid, and triphenylmethane dyes, and the phenolic substances tannic acid and guaiacol. No strain decolorized Direct Blue 71 or Chicago Blue 6B, but all of them weakly oxidized guaiacol, decolorized Methyl Orange, and efficiently oxidized tannic acid. Based in decolorization/oxidation assays, strains CMU-1 (T. harzianum), CMU-8 (T. atroviride), CMU-218 (T. viride), and CMU-221 (T. tomentosum) were selected for evaluating their extracellular laccase activity in liquid media. Strain CMU-8 showed no basal laccase activity, while strains CMU-1, CMU-218, and CMU-221 had a basal laccase activity of 1,313.88 mU/mL, 763.88 mU/mL, and 799.53 mU/mL, respectively. Addition of sorghum straw inhibited laccase activity in strain CMU-1 by 34%, relative to the basal culture, while strains CMU-8, CMU-21, and CMU-221 increased their laccase activity by 1,321.5%, 64%, and 47%, respectively. These results show that assayed phenolic substrates are good tools for selecting laccase producer strains in Trichoderma. These same assays indicate the potential use of studied strains for bioremediation processes. Straw laccase induction suggests that analyzed strains have potential for straw delignification in biopulping and other biotechnological applications. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:787-798, 2016.

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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: When pregnancy occurs in obese women, two opposite mechanisms for iron homeostasis concur: increased need for available iron to support erythropoiesis and decreased iron mobilization from diets and stores due to obesity-related inflammation linked to overexpressed hepcidin. Few studies have examined the role of hepcidin on maternal iron homeostasis in the context of obese pregnancy. The aim of the study was to evaluate the combined effect of maternal obesity and pregnancy on hepcidin and maternal iron status while accounting for inflammation and iron supplementation. METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of a cohort of pregnant women recruited from a referral obstetric hospital in Mexico City. Circulating biomarkers of iron status (hepcidin, ferritin [SF], transferrin receptor [sTfR], erythropoietin [EPO]), and inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP], tumor necrosis factor-[TNF]α, and interleukin-[IL]6) were determined monthly throughout pregnancy. Repeated measures ANOVA and logistic regression models were used for statistics. RESULTS: Twenty-three obese (Ob) and 25 lean (Lc) women were studied. SF and hepcidin declined, and EPO and sTfR increased throughout pregnancy in both groups. sTfR increased more in Ob than in Lc (p = 0.024). The smallest hepcidin decline occurred in iron-supplemented Ob women compared to non-supplemented Lc women (p = 0.022). The risk for iron deficiency at the end of pregnancy was higher for Ob than for Lc (OR = 4.45, 95% CI = 2.07-9.58) after adjusting for iron supplementation and hepcidin concentration. CONCLUSION: Pre-gestational obesity increases the risk of maternal iron deficiency despite iron supplementation. Overexpressed hepcidin appears to be a potential mechanism.

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