RESUMO
In September 2003, Mexico City introduced "Conduce sin Alcohol" (CSA)-drive without alcohol-a program that monitors breath alcohol concentration limits among drivers to reduce road traffic crashes. To our knowledge, no study has evaluated the impact of this program on mortality. We estimated the effect of CSA on the monthly rate of traffic-related deaths (deaths per one million people) in Mexico City. We applied interrupted time series analyses (ITSA) using monthly data from 1998 to 2016, adjusting for number of people covered by a public health insurance, monthly number of public health care facilities in the city, monthly average rain precipitation in milliliters, and number of vehicles registered. Our results show a statistically significant average reduction in the monthly trend of traffic-related deaths of 0.08 per 1 million people/per month after the program was implemented relative to the pre-intervention trend. The relative difference comparing pre- and post-intervention predicted values from the ITSA model shows that there was a 23.2% reduction in the fatality rate. Findings from this study can be used to scale up programs to monitor alcohol concentration limits among drivers in cities with high alcohol-related crashes and deaths where the program has not been implemented.
Assuntos
Acidentes de Trânsito/mortalidade , Dirigir sob a Influência/prevenção & controle , Etanol/análise , Mortalidade/tendências , Cidades , Bases de Dados Factuais , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de SaúdeRESUMO
The Male Warrior Hypothesis (MWH) establishes that men's psychology has been shaped by inter-group competition to acquire and protect reproductive resources. In this context, sex-specific selective pressures would have favored cooperation with the members of one's group in combination with hostility towards outsiders. We investigate the role of developmental testosterone, as measured indirectly through static markers of prenatal testosterone (2D:4D digit ratio) and pubertal testosterone (body musculature and facial masculinity), on both cooperation and aggressive behavior in the context of intergroup conflict among men. Supporting the MWH, our results show that the intergroup conflict scenario promotes cooperation within group members and aggression toward outgroup members. Regarding the hormonal underpinnings of this phenomenon, we find that body musculature is positively associated with aggression and cooperation, but only for cooperation when context (inter-group competition) is taken into account. Finally, we did not find evidence that the formidability of the group affected individual rates of aggression or cooperation, controlling for individual characteristics.
Assuntos
Agressão/psicologia , Comportamento Competitivo , Processos Grupais , Hostilidade , Psicologia Social , Testosterona/metabolismo , Adulto , Conflito Psicológico , Humanos , Masculino , Testosterona/análise , Guerra , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To describe a clinical case of Acinetobacter baumannii sequence type (ST) 32 harbouring a New Delhi metallo-ß-lactamase (NDM) in Ecuador. METHODS: We used multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to confirm the bacterial species and the sequence type of an A. baumannii isolate. We used synergy with the imipenem-EDTA disc method and the carbapenem inactivation method (CIM) to determine carbapenemase production; the presence of a carbapenemase gene was confirmed by PCR amplification and amplicon sequencing. RESULTS: Molecular characterization revealed the presence of A. baumannii ST32 harbouring the bla NDM-1 gene in Ecuador. The bla NDM-1 gene was isolated through PCR and amplified from a purified plasmid. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of A. baumannii ST32 harbouring the bla NDM-1 gene.
RESUMO
The family Verbenaceae hosts important species used in traditional medicine of many countries. The taxonomic controversies concerning the specific delimitation of several of its species make it difficult to guarantee the botanical origin of herbal preparations based on species of this family. To contribute to the development of both specific chemomarkers and a quality control tool to authenticate the botanical origin of herbal preparations of Verbenacea species, we determined the foliar HPLC-DAD phenolic profiles and the antioxidant properties of 10 wild species of this family occurring in Mexico. The contents of phenols and flavonoids varied significantly among species. Priva mexicana showed the highest levels of total phenolics (53.4 mg g-1 dry tissue) and Verbena carolina had the highest levels of flavonoids (17.89 mg g-1 dry tissue). Relevant antioxidant properties revealed by antiradical and reducing power were found for the analyzed species. These properties varied significantly in a species-dependent manner. The phenolic compounds accumulated were flavones and phenolic acids. Flavones were the only type of flavonoids found. The results of a cluster analysis showed that the compounds were accumulated in species-specific profiles. The phenolic profiles are proposed as valuable chemomarkers that can become a useful tool for the quality control concerning the botanical origin of herbal medicinal preparations based on the species analyzed. In addition, phenolic profiles could contribute importantly to solve the taxonomic controversies concerning species delimitation in the family Verbenaceae.(AU)
A família Verbenaceae compreende importantes espécies utilizadas na medicina popular de muitos países. As dificuldades taxonômicas relativas à delimitação específica de muitas das suas espécies face difícil a verificar a origem botânico das preparações herbales baseadas nas espécies desta família. Para fazer uma contribuição ao desenvolvimento de indicadores taxonômicos e dum método de controle de qualidade para verificar a origem botânico de preparações herbales das espécies de Verbenaceae, os perfis fenólicos, obtidos pares HPLC-DAD, e as atividades antioxidantes das folhas de 10 espécies selvagens Mexicanas desta família foram determinados. Os conteúdos dos compostos fenólicos totais e dos flavonoides foram significativamente diferentes entre as espécies. Priva mexicana apresentou a maior quantidade de compostos fenólicos totais (53.4 mg g-1 amostra seca) e Verbena carolina apresentou a maior quantidade de flavonoides (17.89 mg g-1 amostra seca). Verifica-se importantes propriedades antioxidantes, como os resultados dos ensaios da capacidade antiradical e do poder redutor indicaram. As propriedades antioxidantes foram significativamente diferentes entre as espécies. Verificou-se que os compostos fenólicos conteúdos nas folhas das espécies analisadas foram só flavonas e ácidos fenólicos. Os resultados das análises de agrupamento provarãn que os perfiles fenólicos foram espécie-específicos. Estes perfis podem ser considerados como indicadores químicos da qualidade relativa à origem botânico de preparações medicinais baseadas nas espécies analisadas e podem fazer importantes contribuições para a delimitação específica na família Verbenaceae.(AU)
Assuntos
Verbenaceae/química , Compostos Fenólicos , Antioxidantes , Flavonas , Folhas de Planta/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta PressãoRESUMO
Abstract The family Verbenaceae hosts important species used in traditional medicine of many countries. The taxonomic controversies concerning the specific delimitation of several of its species make it difficult to guarantee the botanical origin of herbal preparations based on species of this family. To contribute to the development of both specific chemomarkers and a quality control tool to authenticate the botanical origin of herbal preparations of Verbenacea species, we determined the foliar HPLC-DAD phenolic profiles and the antioxidant properties of 10 wild species of this family occurring in Mexico. The contents of phenols and flavonoids varied significantly among species. Priva mexicana showed the highest levels of total phenolics (53.4 mg g-1 dry tissue) and Verbena carolina had the highest levels of flavonoids (17.89 mg g-1 dry tissue). Relevant antioxidant properties revealed by antiradical and reducing power were found for the analyzed species. These properties varied significantly in a species-dependent manner. The phenolic compounds accumulated were flavones and phenolic acids. Flavones were the only type of flavonoids found. The results of a cluster analysis showed that the compounds were accumulated in species-specific profiles. The phenolic profiles are proposed as valuable chemomarkers that can become a useful tool for the quality control concerning the botanical origin of herbal medicinal preparations based on the species analyzed. In addition, phenolic profiles could contribute importantly to solve the taxonomic controversies concerning species delimitation in the family Verbenaceae.
Resumo A família Verbenaceae compreende importantes espécies utilizadas na medicina popular de muitos países. As dificuldades taxonômicas relativas à delimitação específica de muitas das suas espécies face difícil a verificar a origem botânico das preparações herbales baseadas nas espécies desta família. Para fazer uma contribuição ao desenvolvimento de indicadores taxonômicos e dum método de controle de qualidade para verificar a origem botânico de preparações herbales das espécies de Verbenaceae, os perfis fenólicos, obtidos pares HPLC-DAD, e as atividades antioxidantes das folhas de 10 espécies selvagens Mexicanas desta família foram determinados. Os conteúdos dos compostos fenólicos totais e dos flavonoides foram significativamente diferentes entre as espécies. Priva mexicana apresentou a maior quantidade de compostos fenólicos totais (53.4 mg g-1 amostra seca) e Verbena carolina apresentou a maior quantidade de flavonoides (17.89 mg g-1 amostra seca). Verifica-se importantes propriedades antioxidantes, como os resultados dos ensaios da capacidade antiradical e do poder redutor indicaram. As propriedades antioxidantes foram significativamente diferentes entre as espécies. Verificou-se que os compostos fenólicos conteúdos nas folhas das espécies analisadas foram só flavonas e ácidos fenólicos. Os resultados das análises de agrupamento provarãn que os perfiles fenólicos foram espécie-específicos. Estes perfis podem ser considerados como indicadores químicos da qualidade relativa à origem botânico de preparações medicinais baseadas nas espécies analisadas e podem fazer importantes contribuições para a delimitação específica na família Verbenaceae.
Assuntos
Fenóis/análise , Fenóis/química , Extratos Vegetais/análise , Extratos Vegetais/química , Antioxidantes/análise , Antioxidantes/química , Flavonoides/análise , Flavonoides/química , Biomarcadores/análise , Biomarcadores/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Verbenaceae , MéxicoRESUMO
Intrasexual competition can be defined as the struggle between members of one sex to increase their access to members of the other sex as sexual partners. In our species, height is a sexually dimorphic trait probably involved in both intrasexual and intersexual selective processes. In the present research, we examined the relationship between height and individual differences in intrasexual competitiveness (i.e., the tendency to view same-sex interactions in general in competitive terms) in two populations of adolescents and adults of both sexes in Chile. According to our first prediction, among both adolescent and adult men, height was negatively associated with intrasexual competitiveness. In contrast, among women, height was not linearly nor quadratically related with intrasexual competitiveness as previously reported. Finally, adolescent men and women showed increased levels of intrasexual competitiveness compared to adult same-sex counterparts. Our results suggest that height is a relevant trait in mating competition among men. The lack of relationship between height and intrasexual competitiveness in women may suggest that the role of height in women mating competition may be more complex and mediated by other variables.
Assuntos
Estatura/fisiologia , Comportamento Competitivo/fisiologia , Comportamento Sexual/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Chile , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Comportamento Sexual/fisiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The family Verbenaceae hosts important species used in traditional medicine of many countries. The taxonomic controversies concerning the specific delimitation of several of its species make it difficult to guarantee the botanical origin of herbal preparations based on species of this family. To contribute to the development of both specific chemomarkers and a quality control tool to authenticate the botanical origin of herbal preparations of Verbenacea species, we determined the foliar HPLC-DAD phenolic profiles and the antioxidant properties of 10 wild species of this family occurring in Mexico. The contents of phenols and flavonoids varied significantly among species. Priva mexicana showed the highest levels of total phenolics (53.4 mg g-1 dry tissue) and Verbena carolina had the highest levels of flavonoids (17.89 mg g-1 dry tissue). Relevant antioxidant properties revealed by antiradical and reducing power were found for the analyzed species. These properties varied significantly in a species-dependent manner. The phenolic compounds accumulated were flavones and phenolic acids. Flavones were the only type of flavonoids found. The results of a cluster analysis showed that the compounds were accumulated in species-specific profiles. The phenolic profiles are proposed as valuable chemomarkers that can become a useful tool for the quality control concerning the botanical origin of herbal medicinal preparations based on the species analyzed. In addition, phenolic profiles could contribute importantly to solve the taxonomic controversies concerning species delimitation in the family Verbenaceae.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Fenóis , Extratos Vegetais , Verbenaceae , Antioxidantes/análise , Antioxidantes/química , Biomarcadores/análise , Biomarcadores/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Flavonoides/análise , Flavonoides/química , México , Fenóis/análise , Fenóis/química , Extratos Vegetais/análise , Extratos Vegetais/químicaRESUMO
Abstract The family Verbenaceae hosts important species used in traditional medicine of many countries. The taxonomic controversies concerning the specific delimitation of several of its species make it difficult to guarantee the botanical origin of herbal preparations based on species of this family. To contribute to the development of both specific chemomarkers and a quality control tool to authenticate the botanical origin of herbal preparations of Verbenacea species, we determined the foliar HPLC-DAD phenolic profiles and the antioxidant properties of 10 wild species of this family occurring in Mexico. The contents of phenols and flavonoids varied significantly among species. Priva mexicana showed the highest levels of total phenolics (53.4 mg g-1 dry tissue) and Verbena carolina had the highest levels of flavonoids (17.89 mg g-1 dry tissue). Relevant antioxidant properties revealed by antiradical and reducing power were found for the analyzed species. These properties varied significantly in a species-dependent manner. The phenolic compounds accumulated were flavones and phenolic acids. Flavones were the only type of flavonoids found. The results of a cluster analysis showed that the compounds were accumulated in species-specific profiles. The phenolic profiles are proposed as valuable chemomarkers that can become a useful tool for the quality control concerning the botanical origin of herbal medicinal preparations based on the species analyzed. In addition, phenolic profiles could contribute importantly to solve the taxonomic controversies concerning species delimitation in the family Verbenaceae.
Resumo A família Verbenaceae compreende importantes espécies utilizadas na medicina popular de muitos países. As dificuldades taxonômicas relativas à delimitação específica de muitas das suas espécies face difícil a verificar a origem botânico das preparações herbales baseadas nas espécies desta família. Para fazer uma contribuição ao desenvolvimento de indicadores taxonômicos e dum método de controle de qualidade para verificar a origem botânico de preparações herbales das espécies de Verbenaceae, os perfis fenólicos, obtidos pares HPLC-DAD, e as atividades antioxidantes das folhas de 10 espécies selvagens Mexicanas desta família foram determinados. Os conteúdos dos compostos fenólicos totais e dos flavonoides foram significativamente diferentes entre as espécies. Priva mexicana apresentou a maior quantidade de compostos fenólicos totais (53.4 mg g-1 amostra seca) e Verbena carolina apresentou a maior quantidade de flavonoides (17.89 mg g-1 amostra seca). Verifica-se importantes propriedades antioxidantes, como os resultados dos ensaios da capacidade antiradical e do poder redutor indicaram. As propriedades antioxidantes foram significativamente diferentes entre as espécies. Verificou-se que os compostos fenólicos conteúdos nas folhas das espécies analisadas foram só flavonas e ácidos fenólicos. Os resultados das análises de agrupamento provarãn que os perfiles fenólicos foram espécie-específicos. Estes perfis podem ser considerados como indicadores químicos da qualidade relativa à origem botânico de preparações medicinais baseadas nas espécies analisadas e podem fazer importantes contribuições para a delimitação específica na família Verbenaceae.
RESUMO
Abstract The family Verbenaceae hosts important species used in traditional medicine of many countries. The taxonomic controversies concerning the specific delimitation of several of its species make it difficult to guarantee the botanical origin of herbal preparations based on species of this family. To contribute to the development of both specific chemomarkers and a quality control tool to authenticate the botanical origin of herbal preparations of Verbenacea species, we determined the foliar HPLC-DAD phenolic profiles and the antioxidant properties of 10 wild species of this family occurring in Mexico. The contents of phenols and flavonoids varied significantly among species. Priva mexicana showed the highest levels of total phenolics (53.4 mg g-1 dry tissue) and Verbena carolina had the highest levels of flavonoids (17.89 mg g-1 dry tissue). Relevant antioxidant properties revealed by antiradical and reducing power were found for the analyzed species. These properties varied significantly in a species-dependent manner. The phenolic compounds accumulated were flavones and phenolic acids. Flavones were the only type of flavonoids found. The results of a cluster analysis showed that the compounds were accumulated in species-specific profiles. The phenolic profiles are proposed as valuable chemomarkers that can become a useful tool for the quality control concerning the botanical origin of herbal medicinal preparations based on the species analyzed. In addition, phenolic profiles could contribute importantly to solve the taxonomic controversies concerning species delimitation in the family Verbenaceae.
Resumo A família Verbenaceae compreende importantes espécies utilizadas na medicina popular de muitos países. As dificuldades taxonômicas relativas à delimitação específica de muitas das suas espécies face difícil a verificar a origem botânico das preparações herbales baseadas nas espécies desta família. Para fazer uma contribuição ao desenvolvimento de indicadores taxonômicos e dum método de controle de qualidade para verificar a origem botânico de preparações herbales das espécies de Verbenaceae, os perfis fenólicos, obtidos pares HPLC-DAD, e as atividades antioxidantes das folhas de 10 espécies selvagens Mexicanas desta família foram determinados. Os conteúdos dos compostos fenólicos totais e dos flavonoides foram significativamente diferentes entre as espécies. Priva mexicana apresentou a maior quantidade de compostos fenólicos totais (53.4 mg g-1 amostra seca) e Verbena carolina apresentou a maior quantidade de flavonoides (17.89 mg g-1 amostra seca). Verifica-se importantes propriedades antioxidantes, como os resultados dos ensaios da capacidade antiradical e do poder redutor indicaram. As propriedades antioxidantes foram significativamente diferentes entre as espécies. Verificou-se que os compostos fenólicos conteúdos nas folhas das espécies analisadas foram só flavonas e ácidos fenólicos. Os resultados das análises de agrupamento provarãn que os perfiles fenólicos foram espécie-específicos. Estes perfis podem ser considerados como indicadores químicos da qualidade relativa à origem botânico de preparações medicinais baseadas nas espécies analisadas e podem fazer importantes contribuições para a delimitação específica na família Verbenaceae.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine which is the most effective treatment for the management of soft tissues, the functional recovery and the healing of distal third humeral shaft fractures at the Mexican Red Cross trauma center. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a retrospective, longitudinal, comparative study of patients with a diagnosis of distal third humeral shaft fractures; clinical and radiographic follow-up was done with the MEPI, UCLA and Montoya functional scales at week 24. RESULTS: The results of patient follow-up using the MEPI in Group I were: 2 poor, 3 fair, 1 excellent; in Group II: 8 excellent; in Group III: 3 poor, 2 fair, 4 excellent; in Group IV: 1 poor, 5 fair and 2 excellent. The UCLA results were: Group I, 3 poor, 2 good, 2 excellent; Group II: 5 excellent, 2 good; Group III, 4 poor, 1 partial, 2 good and 2 excellent; Group IV, 4 partial, 2 good, 2 excellent. The results of the Montoya scale were: Group I, 3 stage II, 1 stage III, 2 stage IV; Group II, 3 stage III, 5 stage IV; Group III, 3 stage II, 5 stage III, 1 stage IV; Group IV, 2 stage II, 2 stage III, 4 stage IV. DISCUSSION: This paper shows that the anterior 4.5 mm LCP MI plate has been the best treatment for distal third humeral shaft fractures.
Assuntos
Fixação Interna de Fraturas , Fraturas do Úmero/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Infecções dos Tecidos Moles/cirurgia , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
UNLABELLED: An open fracture is one in which the bone segments penetrate into the skin leaving the bone in contact with the outer environment. Many microorganisms may cause wound infection in open fractures; the most common one is Staphyloccocus aureus. METHODS: This study included a group of 75 patients of both genders seen from November 1st, 2009 to April 30, 2010. A sample for culture was taken upon admission and incubated for 48 hours. RESULTS: A total of 75 patients were included, 62 males and 13 females. The age range was 18 to 83 years. The tibia and the fibula were the most commonly affected bones. The most common mechanisms of injury resulted from high energy. The most frequent grade of exposure was III B. Forty-six percent of the culture results were negative at 48 hours; the most frequent organisms found in the positive cultures were Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. CONCLUSIONS: Males are the gender most affected by open fractures. This kind of condition occurs at productive ages. The time elapsed between the injury and the onset of treatment was significant. The culture results showed that the most frequent organism was Staphylococcus aureus, together with Candida albicans.
Assuntos
Fraturas Expostas/microbiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
We consider a nematic liquid crystal constrained by two coaxial cylinders under the action of low-frequency axial or radial electric fields. Assuming an initially hybrid configuration, we find the equilibrium texture of the nematic subjected to weak anchoring boundary conditions on both cylindrical surfaces. We analyze the distinct textures of the nematic as a function of the strength of the interaction of the nematic with the sidewalls, the radii ratio of the cylinders, and the applied electric field. Also, for each radii ratio and strength of the nematic-surface interaction, we determine the critical field for which a complete alignment of the nematic liquid crystal occurs.
RESUMO
Using the boundary-layer approach, we study the radial-axial transition in a nematic sphere in the presence of an external field. We calculate analytically an asymptotic expression for the nematic configuration subject to an external low frequency field. Then, we consider an incident plane wave crossing a nematic droplet immersed in an isotropic matrix under the presence of a low frequency field. We calculate the ray trajectories within the optical limit for various values of the external field and find the ray deviation as a function of the incident position parametrized by the magnitude of the field.
RESUMO
In this work, we show theoretically how the trajectories of an optical beam propagating in a planar-homeotropic hybrid nematic crystal cell can be modified by applying a low frequency electric field perpendicular to the cell. We use a previously developed formalism for describing the propagation of a polarized beam through the cell. We include a low frequency electric energy for the calculation of the equilibrium orientational configurations of the director's field. The presence of the electric field gives rise to trajectories showing a nontrivial dependence of the beam's range and penetration length with the intensity of the applied electric field.
RESUMO
An analytical and numerical study of the propagation of optical fields through a nematic hybrid slab is developed. We take into account explicitly the absorption of radiation by the liquid crystal by introducing a complex dielectric tensor. For a low intensity beam we first derive the eikonal equation and from it we calculate the ray trajectories in the optical limit. We show that in the presence of absorption, there are no caustics within the slab. Then we consider the WKB limit and calculate the field transverse magnetic modes, their number and their cutoff frequencies. We show that for both limits the agreement between our analytical and numerical results for the propagation constants is excellent, while there are larger differences in the analytically and numerically calculated field amplitudes. These differences show that absorption effects are important for this quantity and have their origin in the fact that the chosen parameter values in our exact numerical calculations, strictly speaking, do not lie within the limits of validity of the WKB approximation. Although a more precise comparison between these approaches requires the use of different sets of values of the relevant parameters, our analysis shows the effects and complications arising from the inclusion of absorption. Finally, we discuss the scope and limitations of our approach.
RESUMO
A model for a non-Kerr cylindrical nematic fiber is presented. We use the multiple scales method to show the possibility of constructing different kinds of wave packets of transverse magnetic modes propagating through the fiber. This procedure allows us to generate different hierarchies of nonlinear partial differential equations which describe the propagation of optical pulses along the fiber. We go beyond the usual weakly nonlinear limit of a Kerr medium and derive a complex modified Korteweg-de Vries equation (CM KdV) which governs the dynamics for the amplitude of the wave packet. In this derivation the dispersion, self-focussing, and diffraction in the nematic fiber are taken into account. It is shown that this CM KdV equation has two-parameter families of bright and dark complex solitons. We show analytically that under certain conditions, the bright solitons are actually double-embedded solitons. We explain why these solitons do not radiate at all, even though their wave numbers are contained in the linear spectrum of the system. We study (numerically and analytically) the stability of these solitons. Our results show that these embedded solitons are stable solutions, which is an interesting property since in most systems the embedded solitons are weakly unstable solutions. Finally, we close the paper by making comments on the advantages as well as the limitations of our approach, and on further generalizations of the model and method presented.
RESUMO
Dissipative effects due to the presence of hydrodynamic flow in a cylindrical fiber whose cladding is an initially quiescent incompressible nematic liquid crystal are analyzed. An analytic and iterative solution of the nematodynamic equations coupled to the Maxwell's equations describing the propagation of a narrow wave packet of transverse magnetic modes is provided. We derive a generalized nonlinear Schröedinger equation for the amplitude of this propagating wave packet that takes into account the dissipation in the nematic's reorientation and the hydrodynamical effects. For the solitonlike solution of this equation we find that the penetration length and the real part of the nonlinear refraction index increase by a factor of 1.75, with respect to those values obtained in the absence of hydrodynamical flow. The imaginary part remains unaltered.
RESUMO
Activation of guinea pig hepatocyte alpha 1-adrenoceptors increases phosphatidylinositol (PI) labeling, [3H]inositol phosphate production and phosphorylase activity. These adrenergic actions were not altered by pretreatment with chlorethylclonidine but were blocked by 5-methyl urapidil and prazosin (the former being 3- to 10-fold more potent than the latter), indicating that alpha 1A-adrenoceptors were involved. When the cells were incubated in buffer without calcium and containing EGTA, the alpha 1A-adrenergic stimulation of PI labeling was diminished but not abolished and that of phosphorylase was not affected. The alpha 1A-adrenergic effects were insensitive to pertussis toxin treatment. Phorbol myristate acetate inhibited the alpha 1A-adrenergic actions, although at relatively large concentrations, and also those of other agents such as angiotensin II and NaF. Our data clearly indicate that guinea pig hepatocytes express alpha 1A-adrenoceptors whose activation stimulates phosphoinositide turnover, via a pertussis toxin-insensitive process; the alpha 1A-adrenergic effects were at least partially independent of extracellular calcium.
Assuntos
Fígado/química , Fosfatidilinositóis/análise , Receptores Adrenérgicos alfa/fisiologia , Agonistas alfa-Adrenérgicos/farmacologia , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos alfa/farmacologia , Animais , Cálcio/farmacologia , Clonidina/análogos & derivados , Clonidina/farmacologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ácido Egtázico/farmacologia , Cobaias , Técnicas In Vitro , Fosfatos de Inositol/análise , Fígado/citologia , Masculino , Toxina Pertussis , Fosfatidilinositóis/metabolismo , Radioisótopos de Fósforo , Transdução de Sinais , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol/farmacologia , Trítio , Fatores de Virulência de Bordetella/farmacologiaRESUMO
In order to evaluate the efficiency of albuterol sulfate (salbutamol) in lowering of potassium levels in uremic children with hyperkalemia, we intravenously administered salbutamol 30 micrograms/min (total doses 0.5 mg) to ten children with chronic renal failure (CRF) with high serum levels of potassium. Forty five minutes after administration, potassium serum levels were lower going from 6.79 +/- 0.57 mmol/L to 5.04 +/- 1.10 mmol/L; increasing levels were documented 6 hours later up to 5.76 +/- 0.66 mmol/L. Lowering in potassium serum levels was associated with disappearance of electrocardiographic manifestations of hyperkalemia. We observed moderated tachycardia in 90% of our patients and only one patient required withdrawal of this drug for high cardiac frequency rate. We conclude that salbutamol is a useful and safe choice in treatment of hyperkalemia in children with CRF.