RESUMO
Unhealthy diets are recognized as a major risk factor for many diseases. The decrease in costs of industrialized products, as well as the possible misinformation about a healthy diet, has led to new behaviors in the dietary patterns of the pediatric population. The costs of dietary patterns have not been estimated in our population, so the objective of this study was to determine the cost associated with dietary patterns in Mexican children and adolescents, hypothesizing that a healthy diet is not necessarily more economically expensive. This study analyzed data from a population-based cross-sectional study of healthy children and adolescents in Mexico City. Data were collected from a food frequency questionnaire and the meal cost of habitual food shopping. Eating patterns were obtained by using principal component analysis. A micro-costing technique was performed to obtain the direct costs of each pattern. When comparing the healthy pattern with the transition and non-healthy patterns, it was observed that there were no statistically significant differences between the dietary patterns (p = 0.8293). The cost of the healthy pattern only takes up 16.6% of the total biweekly income of a salaried Mexican. In this study, no differences were observed between the costs of a healthy and a less healthy diet.
Assuntos
Comportamento do Consumidor/economia , Dieta Saudável/economia , Dieta Saudável/etnologia , Comportamento Alimentar/etnologia , Abastecimento de Alimentos/economia , Adolescente , Criança , Custos e Análise de Custo , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos sobre Dietas , Feminino , Humanos , Renda , Masculino , México/etnologia , Análise de Componente PrincipalRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To ascertain medical criteria and their priority in the allocation of deceased patient kidneys in pediatrics among members of Internal Transplant Committees of six hospitals. To assess if, by using the Delphi method, it is possible to reach consensus to reduce heterogeneity of criteria in the allocation of renal transplant organs among physicians ascribed to Nephrology and Surgery services in six hospital centers in Mexico. METHODOLOGY: A study was carried out by the Delphi method of independent experts panel, with three stages and two rounds. The method makes possible iteration and controlled feedback from experts to identify behaviors and trends with the synergy of the debate in a group. Kappa index was applied to assess results agreement. RESULTS: Results of first round show the criteria heterogeneity for the allocation of cadaveric origin organs within each hospital, and among hospitals compared to each other. With the results of the second round, consensus increased in four hospitals for the selection of both first and second recipient. Kappa coefficient shows the reliability of results. CONCLUSION: Our Country needs a point-score system to allocate deceased donor organs, ideally including HLA matching. Expecting that the Internal Transplant Committees throughout the Mexican territory may have available a useful tool as this, the Delphi method makes it possible to reach consensus in this task, in order to minimize subjectivity in the staff involved in the decision-making process.
Assuntos
Consenso , Técnica Delphi , Transplante de Rim , Doadores de Tecidos , Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos/normas , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Hospitais , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , MéxicoRESUMO
The objective of this study was to discover how narrow-band spectral measurements express emotional behavior. Electroencephalographic narrowband absolute and relative spectral powers were calculated for every 1 Hz of frequency from the recordings of 40 healthy male university students during emotional tasks. Sentences evoking positive, negative, and neutral emotional states were used as stimuli. Repeated multivariate analyses of variance were computed with IQ as covariate. The results showed only a few significant relations between absolute power and emotion. Relative power reflected better the differences determined by emotional states. The frequencies between 7.6 and 9.5 Hz showed differences between emotional states over the entire scalp with increased power during neutral state. Interaction between emotional states and cerebral regions revealed that all cerebral areas had an important role, especially frontal, parietal, and temporal regions. Hemispheric differences showed less power in the left hemisphere during positive emotional state (joy of love) in the 8.6 to 9.5 Hz band and in the right hemisphere during negative emotional state (frustration) in the 17.6 to 18.5 Hz band. Significant interaction between states, hemispheres, and electrode positions was observed in the frequency range of 17.6 to 19.5 Hz. As none of our results covered the range of any broad band, we may conclude that narrow-band calculations are more adequate for the study of emotions, because their use reduces the danger that frequency-specific effects go undetected or cancel each other.
Assuntos
Afeto , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Eletroencefalografia , Adulto , Análise de Fourier , Lateralidade Funcional/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Análise MultivariadaRESUMO
Una variedad poco frecuente de la anemia aplástica adquirida (AAA) es la forma familiar. Lo anterior se ejemplifica al considerar que de 200 casos con AAA atendidos en el servicio, sólo dos presentaron la característica de ser integrantes de una misma familia; éstos correspondieron a dos hermanos no gemelos, uno con AAA leve secundaria a derivados del benceno y que curó espontáneamente, y el otro con AAA grave relacionado con cloranfenicol y que falleció por hemorragia del sistema nervioso central. El estudio del sistema HLA mostró los mismos antígenos en ambos pacientes (A2, A28, B16, B40)