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MYC overexpression is considered a driver event in gastric cancer (GC), and is frequently correlated with poor prognosis and metastasis. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic value of genes upregulated by MYC in patients with GC. Metastatic GC cells (AGP01) characterized by MYC amplification, were transfected with siRNAs targeting MYC. RNA-seq was performed in silenced and non-silenced AGP01 cells. Among the differentially expressed genes, CIAPIN1, MTA2, and UXT were validated using qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry in gastric tissues of 213 patients with GC; and their expressions were correlated with clinicopathological and survival data. High mRNA and protein levels of CIAPIN1, MTA2, and UXT were strongly associated with advanced GC stages (P < 0.0001). However, only CIAPIN1 and UXT gene expressions were able to predict distant metastases in patients with early-stage GC (P < 0.0001), with high sensitivity (> 92%) and specificity (> 90%). Overall survival rate of patients with overexpressed CIAPIN1 or UXT was significantly lower (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, CIAPIN1 and UXT may serve as potential molecular markers for GC prognosis.
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MYC is an oncogene responsible for excessive cell growth in cancer, enabling transcriptional activation of genes involved in cell cycle regulation, metabolism, and apoptosis, and is usually overexpressed in gastric cancer (GC). By using siRNA and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), we identified MYC-regulated differentially expressed Genes (DEGs) in three Brazilian gastric cancer cell lines representing the histological subtypes of GC (diffuse, intestinal, and metastasis). The DEGs were picked using Sailfish software, followed by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway analysis using KEGG. We found 11 significantly enriched gene sets by using enrichment score (ES), False Discovery Rate (FDR), and nominal P-values. We identified a total of 5.471 DEGs with correlation over (80%). In diffuse-type and in metastatic GC cell lines, MYC-silencing caused DEGs downregulation, while the intestinal-type GC cells presented overall DEGs upregulation after MYC siRNA depletion. We were able to detect 11 significant gene sets when comparing our samples to the hallmark collection of gene expression, enriched mostly for the following hallmarks: proliferation, pathway, signaling, metabolic, and DNA damage response. When we analyzed our DEGs considering KEGG metabolic pathways, we found 12 common branches covering a wide range of biological functions, and three of them were common to all three cell lines: ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, ribosomes, and system and epithelial cell signaling in Helicobacter pylori infection. The GC cell lines used in this study share 14 MYC-regulated genes, but their gene expression profile is different for each histological subtype of GC. Our results present a computational analysis of MYC-related signatures in GC, and we present evidence that GC cell lines representing distinct histological subtypes of this disease have different MYC-regulated expression profiles but share a common core of altered genes. This is an important step towards the understanding of MYC's role in gastric carcinogenesis and an indication of probable new drug targets in stomach cancer.
Assuntos
Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/genética , Genes myc/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Brasil , Carcinogênese/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Interferência de RNA , Transdução de Sinais/genéticaAssuntos
Aciltransferases/genética , Catecol O-Metiltransferase/genética , Estudos de Associação Genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Esquizofrenia/enzimologia , Esquizofrenia/genética , Adulto , Brasil , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men in western populations, and despite its high mortality, its etiology remains unknown. Inflammatory processes are related to the etiology of various types of tumors, and prostate inflammation, in particular, has been associated with prostate cancer carcinogenesis and progression. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with benign and malignant lesions in the anogenital tract of both females and males. The possible role of HPV in prostate carcinogenesis is a subject of great controversy. In this study, we aimed to examine the prevalence of HPV infections in prostate carcinomas of patients from northeastern Brazil. This study included 104 tissue samples from primary prostate carcinoma cases. HPV DNA was purified and then amplified using MY09/11 and GP5+/GP6+ degenerate primer sets that detect a wide range of HPV types, and with specific PCR primers sets for E6 and E7 HPV regions to detect HPV 16. None of the samples showed amplification products of HPV DNA for primer sets MY09/11 and GP5+/GP6+, or the specific primer set for the E6 and E7 HPV regions. HPV infection, thus, does not seem to be one of the causes of prostate cancer in the population studied.
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PURPOSE: Gene expression array analysis is providing key data on the potential candidate genes and biological pathways involved in schwannoma origin and development. In this way we performed expression array studies on tumor-related genes in schwannomas. METHODS: The GE Array Q Series HS-006 (SuperArray, Bethesda, MD, USA) was used to determine the expression levels of 96 genes corresponding to 6 primary biological regulatory pathways in a series of 23 schwannomas. RESULTS: We identified 15 genes down-regulated, primarily corresponding to signal transduction functions, and 26 genes up-regulated, most frequently involving cell adhesion functions. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to the NF2 inactivation (considered as an early step), variations of other biological regulatory pathways might play a key role in schwannoma.
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Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Neurilemoma/genética , Humanos , Neurilemoma/patologia , Análise de Sequência com Séries de OligonucleotídeosRESUMO
Medulloblastoma is a highly cellular malignant embryonal neoplasm, being the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor, accounting for 20-25 % of pediatric central nervous system tumors. To investigate the effect of the TP53 Arg72Pro single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on clinicopathological and phenotypic parameters, we performed a case-controlled study of 122 patients and 122 healthy controls from Brazil. No significant associations were found between the TP53 Arg72Pro genotypes and the clinicopathological parameters studied. Compared with Arg/Arg, which is the most common genotype in the study population, both the Arg/Pro and Pro/Pro genotypes did not influence the medulloblastoma development risk [odds ratio (OR) = 1.36 and P = 0.339 for the Arg/Pro genotype; OR = 1.50 and P = 0.389 for the Pro/Pro genotype]. With regard to prognosis, disease-free survival was not significantly different among the TP53 Arg72Pro SNP genotypes (P > 0.05), but the less frequent genotype (Pro/Pro) was associated with shorter overall survival of medulloblastoma patients (P = 0.021). These data suggest that, although there is no association between the TP53 Arg72Pro SNP and medulloblastoma risk, the Pro/Pro genotype is associated with shorter overall survival of patients submitted to adjuvant therapy. Nevertheless, due to the interethnic composition of the Brazilian population, future studies on larger populations from other parts of the world are essential for a definitive conclusion on the function of the TP53 Arg72Pro SNP.
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Neoplasias Cerebelares/genética , Genes p53/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Meduloblastoma/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Brasil , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Neoplasias Cerebelares/mortalidade , Neoplasias Cerebelares/terapia , Quimiorradioterapia Adjuvante , Criança , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Meduloblastoma/mortalidade , Meduloblastoma/terapia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Prognóstico , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/análise , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/biossíntese , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genéticaRESUMO
Hearing loss is the most common symptom in patients with vestibular schwannoma (VS). In the past, compressive mechanisms caused by the tumoral mass and its growth have been regarded as the most likely causes of the hearing loss associated with VS. Interestingly, new evidence proposes molecular mechanisms as an explanation for such hearing loss. Among the molecular mechanisms proposed are methylation of TP73, negative expression of cyclin D1, expression of B7-H1, increased expression of the platelet-derived growth factor A, underexpression of PEX5L, RAD54B, and PSMAL, and overexpression of CEA. Many molecular mechanisms are involved in vestibular schwannoma development; we review some of these mechanisms with special emphasis on hearing loss associated with vestibular schwannoma.
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Epidermal growth factor can activate several signaling pathways, leading to proliferation, differentiation, and tumorigenesis of epithelial tissues by binding with its receptor. The EGF protein is involved in nervous system development, and polymorphisms in the EGF gene on chromosome band 4q25 are associated with brain cancers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the single-nucleotide polymorphism of EGF+61G/A and extraaxial brain tumors in a population of the southeast of Brazil. We analyzed the genotype distribution of this polymorphism in 90 patients and 100 healthy subjects, using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Comparison of genotype distribution revealed a significant difference between patients and control subjects (P < 0.001). The variant genotypes of A/G and G/G were associated with a significant increase of the risk of tumor development, compared with the homozygote A/A (P < 0.0001). When the analyses were stratified, we observed that the genotype G/G was more frequent in female patients (P=0.021). The same genotype was observed more frequently in patients with low-grade tumors (P=0.001). Overall survival rates did not show statistically significant differences. Our data suggest that the EGF A61G polymorphism can be associated with susceptibility to development of these tumors.
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Fator de Crescimento Epidérmico/genética , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/secundário , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Masculino , Meningioma/genética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso/mortalidade , Neurilemoma/genéticaRESUMO
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays an important role in cancer. A functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 5'-untranslated region of the EGF gene (+61 A>G) may influence its expression and contribute to cancer predisposition and aggressiveness. Aiming to investigate the role of EGF +61 A>G in the susceptibility to glioma and its prognosis, we performed a case-control study with 165 patients and 200 healthy controls from Brazil. Comparisons of genotype distributions and allele frequencies did not reveal any significant differences between the groups. The mean overall survival was 9.2 months for A/A, 8.2 months for A/G, and 7.7 months for G/G. When survival curves were plotted we found that the +61G allele is associated with poor overall survival (p=0.023) but not with disease-free survival (p=0.527). Our data suggest that, although there is no association between the EGF +61 A>G genotype and glioma susceptibility, this SNP is associated with shorter overall survival of glioma patients in the Brazilian population. Nevertheless, future studies utilizing a larger series are essential for a definitive conclusion.
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Fator de Crescimento Epidérmico/genética , Glioma/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Adulto , Idoso , Fator de Crescimento Epidérmico/fisiologia , Feminino , Genótipo , Glioma/etiologia , Glioma/mortalidade , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Werner syndrome (WS) is a premature aging disorder characterized by early onset of symptoms related to normal aging and by a high predisposition to various types of cancer, including gliomas. WS is caused by inherited recessive mutations in the WRN gene, which encodes a helicase considered a caretaker of the genome. Aiming to study the role of WRN Cys1367Arg in glioma susceptibility and oncologic prognosis of patients, we investigated the genotype distribution of this single nucleotide polymorphism in 94 glioma patients and 100 healthy subjects. Comparisons of genotype distributions and allele frequencies did not reveal any significant difference between the groups. Overall and disease-free survival rates were calculated, but no statistically significant difference was observed. Our data suggest that WRN Cys1367Arg SNP is not involved either in susceptibility to developing gliomas or in patient survival, at least in the Brazilian population.
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Arginina/genética , Cisteína/genética , Exodesoxirribonucleases/genética , Glioma/diagnóstico , Glioma/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , RecQ Helicases/genética , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Seguimentos , Frequência do Gene , Genótipo , Glioma/epidemiologia , Glioma/mortalidade , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Risco , Análise de Sobrevida , Helicase da Síndrome de WernerRESUMO
Aberrant methylation of CpG islands located in promoter regions represents one of the major mechanisms for silencing cancer-related genes in tumor cells. We determined the frequency of aberrant CpG island methylation for several tumor-associated genes: DAPK, MGMT, p14ARF, p16INK4a, TP73, RB1 and TIMP-3 in 55 brain tumors, consisting of 26 neuroepithelial tumors, 6 peripheral nerve tumors, 13 meningeal tumors and 10 metastatic brain tumors. Aberrant methylation of at least one of the seven genes studied was detected in 83.6 percent of the cases. The frequencies of aberrant methylation were: 40 percent for p14ARF, 38.2 percent for MGMT, 30.9 percent for, p16INK4a, 14.6 percent for TP73 and for TIMP-3, 12.7 percent for DAPK and 1.8 percent for RB1. These data suggest that the hypermethylation observed in the genes p14ARF, MGMT and p16INK4a is a very important event in the formation or progression of brain tumors, since the inactivation of these genes directly interferes with the cell cycle or DNA repair. The altered methylation rate of the other genes has already been reported to be related to tumorigenesis, but the low methylation rate of RB1 found in tumors in our sample is different from that so far reported in the literature, suggesting that perhaps hypermethylation of the promoter is not the main event in the inactivation of this gene. Our results suggest that hypermethylation of the promoter region is a very common event in nervous system tumors.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Encefálicas , Ilhas de CpG , Epigênese Genética , Brasil , Deleção Cromossômica , Expressão Gênica , Metilação , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
We screened the TP53 gene for mutational status in 40 breast tumor cases by polymerase chain reaction, single-strand conformational polymorphism, and gene sequencing. Many mutations of this gene have been described in specific databases. In our study, a new T-->C point mutation was identified in intron 6 at position 13989 in a grade III medullary ductal carcinoma. Other variations in intron 6 have been described in patients with Li-Fraumeni syndrome. One of these variations was reported to inhibit apoptosis and prolong cell survival, thereby increasing breast cancer risk. Nevertheless, more studies are necessary to establish whether this mutation has a role in breast cancer risk.
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Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Variação Genética/genética , Íntrons/genética , Mutação/genética , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genética , Sequência de Bases , Brasil , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Feminino , Testes Genéticos , Humanos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo Conformacional de Fita SimplesRESUMO
Expone que la neurofibromatosis tipo 2 (NF2) es una enfermedad caracterizada por una predisposición a desarrollar múltiples tumores del sistema nervioso central, especialmente neurinomas y menigiomas. Se ha propuesto que algunos tumores esporádicos y tumores asociados a NF2 pueden ser el producto de la inactivación del gen NF2. Se analizaron 83 meningiomas esporádicos y 26 neurinomas esporádicos para el estudio de mutaciones del NF2 por la técnica de PCR-SSCP (polimorfismo en la conformación de la cadena de la polimerasa), identificando 16 casos alterados en 4 de 6 exones estudiados. Con el fin de aumentar la sensibilidad de la SSCP se modificaron las condiciones de los geles, incrementando de aproximadamente 75xcto a un 90xcto la eficiencia en la detección de mutaciones. Este constituye el primer estudio encaminado a optimar la SSCP para cada exón del gen NF2.