RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate experimental dimethacrylate-based materials containing calcium orthophosphates or calcium silicate particles in terms of their optical, mechanical and Ca2+ release behaviour. METHODS: Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD), hydroxyapatite (HAp), beta-tricalcium phosphate (ß-TCP) or calcium silicate (CaSi) particles were added to a photocurable BisGMA/TEGDMA resin (1:1 in mols) at a 30 vol% fraction. Materials containing silanized or non-silanized barium glass particles were used as controls. Degree of conversion (DC) at the top and base of 2-mm thick specimens was determined by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy (n = 5). Translucency parameter (TP) and transmittance (%T) were determined using a spectrophotometer (n = 3). Biaxial flexural strength (BFS) and flexural modulus (FM) were determined by biaxial flexural testing after 24 h storage in water (n = 10). Ca2+ release in water was determined during 28 days by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (n = 3). Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA/Tukey test (DC: two-way; TP, %T; BFS and FM: one-way; Ca2+ release: repeated measures two-way, α = 5 %). RESULTS: CaSi and ß-TCP particles drastically reduced DC at 2 mm, TP and %T (p < 0.001). Compared to both controls, all Ca2+-releasing materials presented lower BFS (p < 0.001) and only the material with DCPD showed significantly lower FM (p < 0.05). The material containing CaSi presented the highest Ca2+ release, while among materials formulated with calcium orthophosphates the use of DCPD resulted in the highest release (p < 0.001). SIGNIFICANCE: CaSi particles allowed the highest Ca2+ release. Notwithstanding, the use of DCPD resulted in a material with the best compromise between optical behaviour, DC, strength and Ca2+ release.
Assuntos
Compostos de Cálcio , Fosfatos de Cálcio , Teste de Materiais , Silicatos , Silicatos/química , Compostos de Cálcio/química , Fosfatos de Cálcio/química , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Durapatita/química , Resistência à Flexão , Ácidos Polimetacrílicos/química , Polietilenoglicóis/química , Bis-Fenol A-Glicidil Metacrilato/química , Resinas Compostas/química , Vidro/química , Cálcio/química , Espectrofotometria , Fenômenos Químicos , Dióxido de Silício , Compostos de BárioRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of spiritual care training on medical students' self-reported competencies. METHODS: This is a quasi-experimental (controlled and non-randomized) study including 115 Brazilian medical students. Participants were enrolled into 2 groups: fourth-year students (n = 64) who received spiritual care training and sixth-year students (n = 51) who did not receive this training - control group (i.e., usual teaching). Participants answered a self-reported Spiritual Care Competence Scale. Comparisons between groups were performed and effect sizes were reported. RESULTS: Providing a spiritual care training resulted in significantly higher self-reported scores for the dimensions of "Assessment" (d = 0.99), "Improvement of care" (d = 0.69), "Counseling (d = 0.88)," "Referral" (d = 0.75), and "Total Spiritual Care" (d = 1.044) as compared to the control group. Likewise, 21 out of 27 items of the Spiritual Care Competence Scale were significantly higher for the intervention group, presenting effect sizes (d) ranging between 0.428 and 1.032. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS: Medical students receiving spiritual care training showed greater self-reported competencies as compared to those in the usual teaching. These results reinforce the importance of promoting spirituality teaching in medical schools.
Assuntos
Terapias Espirituais , Estudantes de Medicina , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Humanos , Espiritualidade , Autorrelato , Brasil , Estudantes de Enfermagem/psicologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the effect a glass ionomer cement (GIC) containing hydroxyapatite (HAp) or calcium silicate (CaSi) particles on mineral content and mechanical properties of demineralized dentin. Ion release and compressive strength (CS) of the cements were also evaluated. METHODS: GIC (Fuji 9 Gold Label, GC), GIC+ 5%HAp and GIC+ 5%CaSi (by mass) were evaluated. Ion release was determined by induced coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (Ca2+/Sr2+) or ion-specific electrode (F-) (n = 3). A composite (Filtek Z250, 3 M ESPE) was used as control in remineralization tests. Demineralized dentin discs were kept in contact with materials in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37 °C for eight weeks. Mineral:matrix ratio (MMR) was determined by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy (n = 5). Dentin hardness (H) and elastic modulus (E) were determined by nanoindentation (n = 10). CS was tested after 24 h and 7d in deionized water (n = 12). Data were analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: Ca2+ and Sr2+ release was higher for the modified materials (p < 0.05). Only GIC+ 5%HAp showed higher F- release than the control (p < 0.05). All groups showed statistically significant increases in MMR, with no differences among them after 8 weeks (p > 0.05). No differences in dentin H or E were observed among groups (p > 0.05). HAp-modified GIC showed increased initial CS, while adding CaSi had the opposite effect (p < 0.05). After 7 days, GIC+ 5%CaSi presented lower CS in relation to control and GIC+ 5%HAp (p < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE: GIC modification with HAp or CaSi affected CS and increased ion release; however, none of the groups showed evidence of dentin remineralization in comparison to the negative control.
Assuntos
Cálcio , Cimentos de Ionômeros de Vidro , Cálcio/análise , Teste de Materiais , Cimentos de Ionômeros de Vidro/farmacologia , Cimentos de Ionômeros de Vidro/química , Durapatita/farmacologia , Durapatita/química , Dentina/químicaRESUMO
Correspondence analysis is a multivariate dimensionality-reduction technique applied to data structured into contingency tables. The main outcome of this approach is the generation of perceptual maps aimed at the study of similarity between categorical levels. In most cases, interpretations of these similarities present subjectivity when different metrics are considered; e.g., Hellinger distance and Chi-square. Thus, in an attempt to minimize this subjectivity, the present study proposes an index that quantifies the shortest distance between those levels. A simulation study was undertaken in which the generated maps were discussed in relation to real data involving the similarity of blends formed by coffees of different species, with sensory evaluations considering the flavor and acidity attributes. In conclusion, the proposed indexnamed metric selection index (MSI)made it possible to include a statistic that justifies the most suitable metric for correspondence analysis, thus preventing subjectivity in interpretations of similarities between blend types and grade classes. In the simulation studies, with the metric proposed by Hellinger distance, MSI showed stabler results regarding total inertia distribution on the first two axes.(AU)
A análise de correspondência é uma técnica multivariada de redução de dimensionalidade aplicada a dados estruturados em tabelas de contingência. Como principal resultado, mapas perceptuais são gerados com o propósito de estudar a similaridade entre os níveis categóricos. Na maioria das vezes, as interpretações dessas similaridades apresentam certa subjetividade, ao considerar diferentes métricas, como por exemplo, a distância de Hellinger e Qui-quadrado. Assim, com o intuito de minimizar essa subjetividade, esse trabalho teve como objetivo propor um índice que quantifique a menor distância entre esses níveis. Foi realizado um estudo de simulação, discutindo-se os mapas gerados em relação a dados reais envolvendo a similaridade de blends formados por cafés de diferentes espécies com avaliações sensoriais considerando os atributos sabor e acidez. Concluiu-se que a proposta do índice, denominado índice de seleção de métrica (ISM), permitiu agregar uma estatística que justifique a métrica mais adequada na análise de correspondência, evitando a subjetividade nas interpretações das similaridades entre os tipos de blends e classe de notas. Em relação aos estudos de simulação a métrica proposta pela distância de Hellinger, o ISM apresentou resultados mais estáveis em relação à distribuição da inércia total nos dois primeiros eixos.(AU)
Assuntos
Exercício de Simulação/análise , Café , CoffeaRESUMO
Correspondence analysis is a multivariate dimensionality-reduction technique applied to data structured into contingency tables. The main outcome of this approach is the generation of perceptual maps aimed at the study of similarity between categorical levels. In most cases, interpretations of these similarities present subjectivity when different metrics are considered; e.g., Hellinger distance and Chi-square. Thus, in an attempt to minimize this subjectivity, the present study proposes an index that quantifies the shortest distance between those levels. A simulation study was undertaken in which the generated maps were discussed in relation to real data involving the similarity of blends formed by coffees of different species, with sensory evaluations considering the flavor and acidity attributes. In conclusion, the proposed indexnamed metric selection index (MSI)made it possible to include a statistic that justifies the most suitable metric for correspondence analysis, thus preventing subjectivity in interpretations of similarities between blend types and grade classes. In the simulation studies, with the metric proposed by Hellinger distance, MSI showed stabler results regarding total inertia distribution on the first two axes.
A análise de correspondência é uma técnica multivariada de redução de dimensionalidade aplicada a dados estruturados em tabelas de contingência. Como principal resultado, mapas perceptuais são gerados com o propósito de estudar a similaridade entre os níveis categóricos. Na maioria das vezes, as interpretações dessas similaridades apresentam certa subjetividade, ao considerar diferentes métricas, como por exemplo, a distância de Hellinger e Qui-quadrado. Assim, com o intuito de minimizar essa subjetividade, esse trabalho teve como objetivo propor um índice que quantifique a menor distância entre esses níveis. Foi realizado um estudo de simulação, discutindo-se os mapas gerados em relação a dados reais envolvendo a similaridade de blends formados por cafés de diferentes espécies com avaliações sensoriais considerando os atributos sabor e acidez. Concluiu-se que a proposta do índice, denominado índice de seleção de métrica (ISM), permitiu agregar uma estatística que justifique a métrica mais adequada na análise de correspondência, evitando a subjetividade nas interpretações das similaridades entre os tipos de blends e classe de notas. Em relação aos estudos de simulação a métrica proposta pela distância de Hellinger, o ISM apresentou resultados mais estáveis em relação à distribuição da inércia total nos dois primeiros eixos.
Assuntos
Café , Coffea , Exercício de Simulação/análiseRESUMO
O paradesporto no Brasil vem se fomentando devido a um conjunto de motivos, como o fato de termos sediado as Paralimpíadas Mundiais 2016, maior interesse do público/mídia, aumento no número de adeptos das modalidades e construção do centro de treinamento. Além disso, o legado deixado pelo eventose constituiutambém no aumento das expectativas de todosos envolvidos nessemovimento. Sendo assim, buscou-se analisar as expectativas de paratletas em nível escolar. Entrevistou-se 114 atletas brasileiros de ambos os sexos, com idade média de±15,45 anos, participantes das Paralimpíadas Escolares. Identificou-se a relevância da participação nessacompetição na modificação da percepção dos jovensem relação aos seusprojetos futuros e a oportunidade de serem valorizados e vistos com orgulho pelo meio social.
The paradesport in Brazil is being promoted due to a number of reasons, such as the fact that we have hosted the World Paralympics, greater public/media interest, increase in the number of fans of the modalities and construction of the training center. In addition, the legacy left is also an increase in the expectations of all those involved in this movement. Thus, we sought to analyze the expectations of paratletas at school level. We interviewed 114 Brazilian athletes, of both sexes, of age ±15.45 years, participating in School Paralympic Games. It was identified the relevance of participation in this competition in the modification of the perception in relation to future projects and as an opportunity to be seen as an object of valorization and pride in the social environment.
El paradesporto en Brasil se viene fomentando debido diversos motivos, como el hecho de tener ubicadas las Paralimpíadas Mundiales 2016, mayor interés del público/imprenta, mayor número de adeptos de modalidades y construcción del centro de entrenamiento. Además, el legado dejado se constituye también en el aumento de expectativas de todos involucrados en el movimiento. Siendo así, se buscó analizar las expectativas de paratletas a nivel escolar. Entrevistó 114 atletas brasileños, de ambos sexos, de edad ±15,45 años, participantes de las Paralimpíadas Escolares. Se identificó la relevancia de la participación en esta competición en la modificación de la percepción de los proyectos futuros y como oportunidad de ser vistos como objeto de valorización y orgullo por el medio social.
RESUMO
Immunosuppression is a well-established risk factor for Visceral Leishmaniasis. Post-immunosuppression leishmaniasis is characterized by an increase of parasite burden, hematopoietic disorders and unusual clinical manifestations. Although there are many reports on bone marrow findings in VL, less is known about the relationship between parasite dynamics in this organ and the function of either hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells themselves. In the present study, we tackle these issues using a new approach of infecting human stem cells derived from bone marrow with L. infantum. Using this strategy, we show that human hematopoietic stem cells (hHSC) are able to phagocytize L. infantum promastigotes and release modulatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines, mainly TNF-α. Our results demonstrated that L. infantum infection in vitro enhances hematopoiesis, favoring the development of erythrocitic lineage through a mechanism yet unknown. Moreover, we found that L. infantum infection alters the phenotypic profile of the hematopoietic progeny; modifying the surface markers expression of differentiated cells. Thus, our study represents a rare opportunity to monitor the in vitro differentiation of human stem cells experimentally infected by L. infantum to better understand the consequences of the infection on phenotypic and functional profile of the cell progeny.
Assuntos
Diferenciação Celular/imunologia , Eritropoese/imunologia , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/imunologia , Leishmania infantum/imunologia , Fagocitose/imunologia , Adulto , Idoso , Células da Medula Óssea/imunologia , Células da Medula Óssea/metabolismo , Células da Medula Óssea/parasitologia , Citocinas/imunologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Feminino , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/parasitologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita/imunologia , Humanos , Leishmania infantum/fisiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/imunologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
Parenteral injection of tolerated proteins into orally tolerant mice inhibits the initiation of immunological responses to unrelated proteins and blocks severe chronic inflammatory reactions of immunological origin, such as autoimmune reactions. This inhibitory effect which we have called "indirect effects of oral tolerance" is also known as "bystander suppression." Herein, we show that i.p. injection of OVA + Al(OH)(3) minutes before i.v. injection of Schistosoma mansoni eggs into OVA tolerant mice blocked the increase of pulmonary granulomas. In addition, the expression of ICAM-1 in lung parenchyma in areas outside the granulomas of OVA-orally tolerant mice was significantly reduced. However, at day 18 after granuloma induction there was no difference in immunofluorescency intensity to CD3, CD4, F4/80, andα-SMA per granuloma area of tolerant and control groups. Reduction of granulomas by reexposure to orally tolerated proteins was not correlated with a shift in Th-1/Th-2 cytokines in serum or lung tissue extract.