RESUMO
With the increasing emphasis on sustainability and eco-friendliness, a novel biodegradable packaging materials has received unprecedented attention. Nanocellulose, owing to its high crystallinity, degradability, minimal toxicity, and outstanding biocompatibility, has gained considerable interest in the field of sustainable packaging. This review provided a comprehensive perspective about the recent advances and future development of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). We first introduced the utilization of agricultural waste for nanocellulose production, such as straw, bagasse, fruit byproducts, and shells. Next, we discussed the preparation process of nanocellulose from various agricultural wastes and expounded the advantages and shortcomings of different methods. Subsequently, this review offered an in-depth investigation on the application of nanocellulose in food packaging, especially the function and packaged form of nanocellulose on food preservation. Finally, the safety evaluation of nanocellulose in food packaging is conducted to enlighten and promote the perfection of relevant regulatory documents. In short, this review provided valuable insights for potential research on the biobased materials utilized in future food packaging.
Assuntos
Agricultura , Celulose , Embalagem de Alimentos , Embalagem de Alimentos/métodos , Celulose/química , Agricultura/métodos , Nanopartículas/química , Nanofibras/química , Resíduos , Conservação de Alimentos/métodosRESUMO
The development of green and biodegradable nanomaterials is significant for the sustainable utilization of renewable lignocellulosic biomass. This work aimed to obtain the cellulose nanocrystals from quinoa straws (QCNCs) by acid hydrolysis. The optimal extraction conditions were investigated by response surface methodology, and the physicochemical properties of QCNCs were evaluated. The maximum yield of QCNCs (36.58 ± 1.42 %) was obtained under the optimal extraction conditions of 60 % (w/w) sulfuric acid concentration, 50 °C reaction temperature, and 130 min reaction time. The characterization results of QCNCs showed that it is a rod-like material with an average length of 190.29 ± 125.25 nm, an average width of 20.34 ± 4.69 nm, excellent crystallinity (83.47 %), good water dispersibility (Zeta potential = -31.34 mV) and thermal stability (over 200 °C). The addition of 4-6 wt% QCNCs could significantly improve the elongation at break and water resistance of high-amylose corn starch films. This study will pave the route for improving the economic value of quinoa straw, and provide relevant proof of QCNCs for the preliminary application in starch-based composite films with the best performance.