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OBJECTIVE: This study assesses the degree of root curvature in patients with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P). DESIGN: Retrospective. Case-control study. SETTING: Root curvature was assessed in lower premolars and molars in 800 panoramic radiographs: 400 from patients with cleft and 400 from healthy control individuals. Root curvature was classified according to its angulation, as well as its apical, medial, or coronal localization. RESULTS: The frequency of mild curvature in the NSCL/P group compared to the control group was higher in premolars especially in the left second premolar in cleft palate (OR: 6.91; 95% CI: 3.23-14.77; P < .0001). The frequency of moderate curvature in molars was significantly higher in the cleft group, with the highest risk in the right first molar in the cleft lip group (OR: 2.74; 95% CI: 1.67-4.52; P < .0001). Inclination was more frequently observed in the apical third of the root in the group with cleft, whereas for the control group, the curvature was more frequent in the medial third. In patients with cleft, the OR of curvature in the apical third was significant in premolars (left lower second premolar: Cleft lip, OR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.04-3.52; P = .03; right lower second premolar: Cleft lip, OR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.04-3.50; P = .03, cleft lip and palate, OR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.12-2.73; P = .01). CONCLUSION: The results of the current study indicate differences in root curvature in patients with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate, which should be considered during the dental treatment planning of patients.
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AIM: Nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL ± P) is the most common craniofacial birth defect. This study aims to determine demographic characteristics and the epidemiologic profile of NSCL ± P in Bahia, Brazil. SUBJECT AND METHODS: 692 patients of three Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment Centers were interviewed. RESULTS: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) was the most frequent type of oral cleft (52.8%), particularly unilateral (34.8%) and affecting the left side (p < 0.001). Family history of cleft was found in 27.6%, especially between cousins (49.7%; p < 0.001). The Salvador metropolitan area represented 45.2% of the samples, followed by Mid-South (17.7%) and Mid-North Bahia (13.9%). In the South of the state, the risk of developing CL and CLP was statistically significant (p = 0.03; p = 0.006, respectively), and in the region of Vale do São Francisco there was a significant risk of developing CLP (p = 0.01), both in relation to CP. Young age and alcohol use in pregnancy were associated to giving birth to children with CLP (p = 0.02, p = 0.03, respectively). The use of folate and other vitamins diminished the risk of developing CL and CLP if compared to CP (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: It is hoped that the results of this research may be useful in planning actions of public service that should take care of affected individuals.
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Fenda Labial , Fissura Palatina , Encéfalo , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Fenda Labial/epidemiologia , Fissura Palatina/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: GREM1, which encodes Gremlin 1, an antagonist of bone morphogenic proteins with effects on proliferation and apoptosis, has been considered a candidate gene for nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL±P). In this study, we investigated potential associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in GREM1 and NSCL±P risk in the Brazilian population. Additionally, SNP-SNP interactions of GREM1 with previously reported rs1880646 variant in NTN1 (netrin 1), a gene also responsible for apoptotic phenotypes were verified. METHODS: Applying Taqman allelic discrimination assays, we evaluated the variants rs16969681, rs16969816, rs16969862, and rs1258763 in 325 case-parent trios and in 1,588 isolated samples in a case-control study. Allelic and genotypic analyses, as well as interaction tests assessing gene-environmental factor (GxE) and SNP-SNP interaction with rs1880646 variant in NTN1, were performed based on logistic regression analysis adjusted for the effects of gender and genomic ancestry proportions. RESULTS: The risk alleles of all SNP were undertransmitted in NSCL±P trios, though the case-control analysis confirmed only the association with rs16969862 alleles (OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.63-0.96, p = .02). The GxE interaction analysis revealed a significant interaction between maternal environmental contact with agrotoxics and rs16969816 (OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.08-0.74, p = .01), and pairwise interaction test with NTN1 rs1880646 yielded significant p values in the 1,000 permutation test for rs16969681, rs16969816, and rs16969862. CONCLUSION: The GREM1 is involved in the etiology of NSCL±P in the Brazilian population and reveal that the interaction between GREM1 and NTN1 may be related with the pathogenesis of this common craniofacial malformation.
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Encéfalo/anormalidades , Fenda Labial/genética , Fissura Palatina/genética , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/genética , Adulto , Alelos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Fenda Labial/metabolismo , Fissura Palatina/metabolismo , Família , Feminino , Frequência do Gene/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Genótipo , Humanos , Padrões de Herança , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/metabolismo , Masculino , Netrina-1/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
This study aimed to investigate the effects of gallium-aluminum-arsenium (GaAlAs) (670 nm) laser therapy on neoangiogenesis and fibroplasia during tissue remodelling. Forty male Wistar rats underwent cutaneous surgery and were divided into 2 experimental groups: the Control and Laser group (9 mW, 670 nm, 0.031 W/cm2 , 4 J/cm2 ). After 14, 21, 28, and 35 days, the animals were euthanised. Descriptive and quantitative analyses were performed in sections stained with haematoxylin-eosin and Sirius Red, respectively. The amounts of VEGF+ and CD31+ cells were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and histomorphometric analysis, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney, Friedman, and Spearman correlation test, P < 0.05. The collagen expression was significantly higher in the laser group compared with the control group on days 14 and 21 after the creation of the skin wound (P = 0.008; P = 0.016) and in the control group between 14 and 28 and 14 and 35 days (P = 0.001; P = 0.007). There were more blood vessels in three periods of the study only in the (Laser) treated group, with statistical significance at day 14 (P = 0.016). There was no statistically significant difference in VEGF+ cell count in the different experimental groups throughout the study, although a positive correlation was shown with the area of collagen on days 14 and 28 (P = 0.037). Laser treatment had a positive effect in the late course of healing, particularly with regards to collagen expression and the number of newly formed vessels. VEGF+ cells were present in both experimental groups, and VEGF appeared to influence fibroplasia in the treated group.
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Colágeno/efeitos da radiação , Lasers Semicondutores/uso terapêutico , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade/métodos , Pele/efeitos da radiação , Cicatrização/fisiologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/tratamento farmacológico , Ferimentos e Lesões/radioterapia , Alumínio/uso terapêutico , Animais , Colágeno/efeitos dos fármacos , Gálio/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Modelos Animais , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to radiographically investigate the prevalence of dental anomalies outside the cleft area in a group of Brazilian patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P). DESIGN, PARTICIPANTS, AND SETTING: A retrospective analysis of 207 panoramic radiographs of patients with NSCL/P aged 12 to 45 years without history of tooth extraction and orthodontic treatment was performed. RESULTS: Dental anomalies were found in 75.4% of the patients, and tooth agenesis (29.2%) and supernumerary tooth (2.6%) were the most common anomalies. The risk of agenesis was higher among the individuals with cleft palate (CP) compared with individuals with cleft lip (CL) and cleft lip and palate (CLP) (agenesis: CP versus CL: odds ratio 6.27, 95% confidence interval 2.21-17.8, P = .0003; CP versus CLP: odds ratio 2.94; 95% confidence interval 1.27-6.81, P = .01). The frequency of dental agenesis was higher in patients with unilateral complete CLP (agenesis: P < .0001), incomplete bilateral CLP (agenesis: P = .0013), complete CP (agenesis: P < .0001), and incomplete CP (agenesis: P < .0001). The frequency of supernumerary teeth was higher in patients with bilateral complete CLP (P < .0001). The frequency of dental agenesis (P < .0001) and ectopic tooth (P = .009) was higher than the frequency estimated for general population. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of dental anomalies in patients with NSCL/P was higher than that reported in overall population. This study found preferential associations between dental anomalies and specific extensions of NSCL/P, suggesting that dental agenesis and ectopic tooth may be part of oral cleft subphenotypes.
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Fenda Labial/fisiopatologia , Fissura Palatina/fisiopatologia , Anormalidades Dentárias/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL ± P) is the most common orofacial birth defect, exhibiting variable prevalence around the world, often attributed to ethnic and environmental differences. Linkage analyses and genome-wide association studies have identified several genomic susceptibility regions for NSCL ± P, mostly in European-derived or Asian populations. Genetic predisposition to NSCL ± P is ethnicity-dependent, and the genetic basis of susceptibility to NSCL ± P likely varies among populations. The population of Brazil is highly admixed, with highly variable ancestry; thus, the genetic determinants of NSCL ± P susceptibility may be quite different. This study tested association of 8 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), previously identified by genome-wide studies in other populations, with NSCL ± P in a Brazilian population with high African ancestry. SNPs rs560426, rs642961, rs1530300, rs987525, rs3758249, rs7078160, rs17085106, and rs13041247 were genotyped in 293 Brazilian patients with NSCL ± P and 352 unaffected Brazilian controls. Each sample was also genotyped for 40 biallelic short insertion/deletion polymorphic markers to characterize genetic ancestry. The average African ancestry background was 31.1% for the NSCL ± P group and 36.7% for the control group. After adjustment for ancestry and multiple testing, the minor alleles of rs3758249 (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.25-2.01, P = 0.0001) and rs7078160 (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.21-2.07, P = 0.0002) were significantly associated with risk of NSCL ± P. Polymorphisms located in IRF6 (rs642961) and 8q24 (rs1530300 and rs987525) showed marginal associations in this Brazilian population with high African ancestry. These results indicate that rs3758249 at 9q22 and rs7078160 at 10q25.3 represent risk loci for NSCL ± P in the Brazilian population with high African ancestry.
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População Negra , Fenda Labial/genética , Fissura Palatina/genética , Loci Gênicos , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Alelos , Povo Asiático , Doenças Assintomáticas , Brasil , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Cromossomos Humanos Par 10 , Cromossomos Humanos Par 8 , Cromossomos Humanos Par 9 , Fenda Labial/etnologia , Fenda Labial/patologia , Fissura Palatina/etnologia , Fissura Palatina/patologia , Feminino , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Genótipo , Humanos , Padrões de Herança , Fatores Reguladores de Interferon/genética , Masculino , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Risco , População BrancaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Although genome-wide association studies have identified several susceptibility loci for nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) in populations around the world, the role of most loci is unknown in the highly heterogeneous Brazilian population. METHODS: To determine the association of 7 markers that showed genome-wide significant association in Brazilians with NSCL/P, we conducted a structured association study conditioned upon the individual ancestry proportions to evaluate markers at 1p36 (rs742071), 2p21 (rs7590268), 3p11.1 (rs7632427), 8q21.3 (rs12543318), 13q31.1 (rs8001641), 15q22.2 (rs1873147), and 17q22 (rs227731) in 505 patients with NSCL/P and 594 healthy controls recruited from 2 different geographical regions of Brazil. The polymorphisms were genotyped by TaqMan 5'-exonuclease allelic discrimination assay, and each sample was independently typed for 40 biallelic short insertion/deletion markers to characterize the genomic ancestry. RESULTS: After Bonferroni correction for multiple tests, significant associations with NSCL/P were observed for rs742071, rs1873147, and rs227731. However, the frequency of the risk alleles varied between the geographical regions, according to the proportions of European and African genomic ancestry. The group enriched by European ancestry showed significant association with rs227731 (p = 0.001), whereas the group with high African ancestry was significantly associated with rs1873147 polymorphism (p = 0.005). The significant association with rs742071 was only detected in the combined sample (p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study revealed the associations of 1p36 (rs742071), 15q22 (rs1873147), and 17p22 (rs227731) with NSCL/P in the Brazilian population, and further confirmed that the genetic heterogeneity of NSCL/P may be related to the different ethnic background of the affected individuals.
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Fenda Labial/genética , Fissura Palatina/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Deleção de Sequência , População Negra , Brasil , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Cromossomos Humanos Par 1 , Cromossomos Humanos Par 15 , Cromossomos Humanos Par 17 , Fenda Labial/etnologia , Fenda Labial/patologia , Fissura Palatina/etnologia , Fissura Palatina/patologia , Frequência do Gene , Marcadores Genéticos , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Técnicas de Genotipagem , Humanos , Padrões de Herança , Mutagênese Insercional , Razão de Chances , População BrancaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Polymorphisms within the MTHFR (rs2274976) and MTHFD1 (rs2236225) genes were previously associated with maternal susceptibility for having an offspring with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) in the Brazilian population. However, as the genotypes of the patients with NSCL/P were not evaluated, it is not clear whether the effects are associated with maternal or offspring genotypes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of rs2274976 and rs2236225 in the pathogenesis of NSCL/P. METHODS: By using the TaqMan 5'-exonuclease allelic discrimination assay, the present study genotyped the rs2274976 and rs2236225 polymorphisms in 147 case-parent trios, 181 isolated samples of NSCL/P and 478 healthy controls of the Brazilian population. Transmission disequilibrium test and structured case-control analysis based on the individual ancestry proportions were performed. RESULTS: The transmission disequilibrium test showed a significant overtransmission of the rs2274976 A allele (p = 0.004), but no preferential parent-of-origin transmission was detected. The structured case-control analysis supported those findings, revealing that the minor A allele of rs2274976 was significantly more frequent in NSCL/P group compared with control group (p = 0.001), yielding an odds ratio of 3.46 (95% confidence interval, 2.05-5.85). No association of rs2236225 polymorphism with NSCL/P was observed in both transmission disequilibrium test and case-control analysis. CONCLUSION: The results of the study revealed that the presence of the rs2274976 A allele is a risk marker for the development of NSCL/P in the Brazilian population.
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Fenda Labial/genética , Fissura Palatina/genética , Padrões de Herança , Metilenotetra-Hidrofolato Redutase (NADPH2)/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Adulto , Alelos , Brasil , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Fenda Labial/patologia , Fissura Palatina/patologia , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Ligação Genética , Marcadores Genéticos , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Razão de Chances , RiscoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the effect of LLLT associated with and without dexamethasone on inflammation and wound healing in cutaneous surgical wounds. BACKGROUND: Limited studies are directed at the possible interference of laser photobiomodulation on the formation of myofibroblasts, associated with an antiinflammatory drug. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Standard skin wounds were performed on 80 Wistar rats, distributed into four groups: no treatment (sham group), laser only (λ670 nm, 9 mW, 0.031 W/cm(2), 4 J/cm(2), single dose after surgery), dexamethasone only (2 mg/kg 1 h before surgery), and laser with dexamethasone. Tissue was examined histologically to evaluate edema, presence of polymorphonuclear, mononuclear cells, and collagen. The analysis of myofibroblasts was assessed by immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. The intensity was rated semiquantitatively. RESULTS: The results showed that laser and dexamethasone acted in a similar pattern to reduce acute inflammation. Collagen synthesis and myofibroblasts were more intense in the laser group (p = 0.048), whereas animals treated with dexamethasone showed lower results for these variables. In a combination of therapies, the synthesis of collagen and actin and desmin-positive cells was less than laser group. CONCLUSIONS: Laser was effective in reducing swelling and polymorphonuclear cells and accelerated tissue repair, even in the presence of dexamethasone.
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Dexametasona/farmacologia , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade/métodos , Cicatrização/fisiologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/patologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/cirurgia , Animais , Colágeno/metabolismo , Terapia Combinada , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Seguimentos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Miofibroblastos/citologia , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Pele/patologia , Pele/ultraestrutura , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: In this study we investigated the role of extracellular matrix elements and cells during the wound healing phases following the use of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and anti-inflammatory drugs. BACKGROUND DATA: There are few scientific studies that characterize the possible interactions of LLLT and anti-inflammatory medications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two rats submitted to a wound inflicted with a 6-mm-diameter punch. The animals were divided into four groups: sham treated, those treated with the GaAlAs laser (4 J/cm(2), 9 mW, lambda = 670 nm, spot size 28.27 x 10(2) cm(2)), those treated with dexamethasone (2 mg/kg), and those treated with both LLLT and dexamethasone. After 3 and 5 d, the cutaneous wounds were assessed by histopathology using polarized light and ultrastructural assessment using transmission electron microscopy. Changes seen in polymorphonuclear inflammatory cells, edema, mononuclear cells, and collagen fiber deposition were semi-quantitatively evaluated. RESULTS: The laser-treated group demonstrated increased collagen content and better arrangement of the extracellular matrix (p < 0.05). Fibroblasts in these tissues were increased in number and were more synthetically active. In the dexamethasone group, the collagen was shown to be non-homogenous and disorganized, with a scarcity of fibroblasts. In the group treated with both types of therapy, fibroblasts were more common and they exhibited vigorous rough endoplasmic reticulum, but they had less collagen production compared to those seen in the laser group. CONCLUSION: LLLT alone accelerates post-surgical tissue repair and reduces edema and the polymorphonuclear infiltrate even in the presence of dexamethasone.
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Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Dexametasona/farmacologia , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Pele/patologia , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Cicatrização/efeitos da radiação , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Pele/diagnóstico por imagem , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Pele/efeitos da radiação , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
The ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (AFO) is a rare odontogenic tumor that occurs predominantly in children and is generally associated with unerupted teeth. The choice of treatment for this entity is conservative surgery with enucleation and its prognosis is excellent. However, preserving the associated impacted teeth may make complete removal of the lesion difficult and may explain some cases of recurrence. A case of AFO in a 6-year-old girl treated with enucleation and preservation of an impacted lower left first permanent molar is reported. After two years of follow-up, there were no signs of recurrence and complete spontaneous eruption of the preserved tooth was observed. The present report indicates that the degree of involvement of the impacted tooth by AFO is a fundamental aspect to be considered during radiological analysis and surgical assessment. We concluded that preservation of the impacted permanent teeth associated with this tumor should always be considered and carried out with caution, since they are clearly not included in the surgical cavity.
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Neoplasias Mandibulares/cirurgia , Odontoma/cirurgia , Dente Impactado/fisiopatologia , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Mandibulares/complicações , Dente Molar/fisiopatologia , Odontoma/complicações , Erupção Dentária , Dente Impactado/etiologiaRESUMO
Tissue reaction to suture materials depends mainly on how the polymer they are composed of interacts with the tissues. There are few in vivo studies evaluating the suture material modifications resulting from its interaction with tissues. This paper aimed to study rat subcutaneous tissue reaction to irradiated polyglactin 910, polydioxanone, poliglecaprone 25 and chromic gut and its correlation with the ultra-structural alterations the materials undergo. The histological alterations were studied on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 7th and 14th day after suture implantations. In these periods, the materials were removed from the tissues and their surfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Irradiated polyglactin 910 stimulated the formation of multinucleated giant cells and its filaments underwent cleavage and dissolution. In potydioxanone, a few inflammatory cells and scar fibrosis was observed, and triangular cracks appeared on its surface. Around the poliglecaprone 25, a diffused infiltration of a few mononuclear cells and fibrosis was recorded and formation of craters was observed on its surface. Chromic gut induced necrosis and granulation tissue and underwent dissolution in the tissues during the studied periods. In this study, it was observed that suture materials induced differentiated tissue reactions and morphologic surface changes, suggesting that indications should be individualized.
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Materiais Biocompatíveis , Biodegradação Ambiental , Tela Subcutânea/patologia , Suturas , Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Little is known about the action of laser rays on normal adipose cells. The present study attempts to observe the behavior of fatty cells submitted to laser therapy. Dorsal fat pads of normal adult rats were submitted to low-level laser irradiation applied locally through intact skin, with four different dose schedules (4, 8, 12, and 16 J/cm(2)), with a further group being sham-irradiated. Histology, morphometry, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy were all used to analyze irradiated tissues. Changes were restricted to the brown fatty tissue, in which a tendency was shown for multivacuolar cells to be transformed into the unilocular type. The number of cells which exhibited enlargement and fusion of small vacuoles was greater in the 4- and 16-J/cm(2) groups (p<0.05). Increased vascular proliferation and congestion was another more evident finding in laser-treated animals compared to nontreated animals. Low-level laser rays cause brown adipose fat droplets to coalesce and fuse. Additionally, they stimulated proliferation and congestion of capillaries in the extracellular matrix.
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Tecido Adiposo/patologia , Tecido Adiposo/efeitos da radiação , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Feminino , Masculino , Modelos Animais , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to verify nicotine effects on alveolar bone changes induced by occlusal trauma during a periodontitis experimental model in rats. METHODS: Thirty adult male rats were used. The animals were randomly assigned to one of three groups receiving daily intraperitoneal injections: A, nicotine solution (0.44 mg/ml) and occlusal overload; B, saline solution and occlusal overload; or C, saline solution. Rats from groups A and B underwent bilateral amputation of the second and third molar cusps to simulate an occlusal overload. The first molars were then randomly assigned to receive a cotton ligature in the sulcular area, while the contralateral tooth was left unligated. The animals were sacrificed 30 days later. The resected mandibles were processed, and histomorphometric measurements were performed in the alveolar bone adjacent to the furcation area of the first molars. RESULTS: Nicotine enhanced the bone loss induced by occlusal trauma (P<0.001) on the ligated teeth of group A (12.27 +/- 4.4 mm2), when compared to groups B (8.43 +/- 3.51 mm2) and C (4.43 +/- 2.17 mm2). Alveolar bone loss (P<0.01) was also observed in the contralateral teeth of groups A (nicotine + trauma) and B (saline + trauma), when compared to group C (saline only). CONCLUSION: Within the limits of the study, it is concluded that nicotine may influence the alveolar bone changes induced by occlusal trauma by enhancing bone loss.