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Obesity and sleep disorders in adolescence are strongly associated, and they impact both on the health and on quality of life (QL) in this age group. OBJECTIVE: To comparatively assess QL and sleep in obese and eutrophic adolescents, who are older than ten years of age. METHODS: Cross-sectional study including obese adolescents. This analysis was carried out between August 2009 and August 2010. The Control (eutrophic) Group comprised schoolchildren recruited from State schools in the city of Americana, in São Paulo State, Brazil. Instruments applied included a standardized questionnaire, the Sleep Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ), and the Pediatric QL Inventory (PedsQL TM 4.0). RESULTS: The obese adolescents had poorer QL on physical (p<0.001), emotional (p=0.03), and social (p=0.002) functioning domains. A difference in mean psychosocial functioning was found between the groups (p=0.009) with obese subjects having a mean score of 69.5 (±16.0) and in eutrophic individuals of 76.2 (±16.7). A greater number of sleep problems was evident in the Obese Group (p=0.03). Conclusions: The obese adolescents had an impaired QL and a higher frequency of sleep problems compared to the eutrophic subjects.

Obesidade e distúrbios do sono na adolescência estão amplamente associados, afetando a saúde e a qualidade de vida (QV) de tal grupo etário. OBJETIVO: Foi avaliar comparando a QV e o sono em adolescentes obesos e eutróficos maiores de dez anos. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado entre agosto de 2009 e agosto de 2010, com adolescentes obesos. O Grupo Controle (eutróficos) foi constituído por estudantes da rede pública de ensino da cidade de Americana, em São Paulo. Foram utilizados ficha de identificação, Questionário do Comportamento do Sono (SBQ), Questionário de QV (PedsQL TM 4.0) como instrumentos. RESULTADOS: Os adolescentes obesos apresentaram QV inferior à dos controles nos domínios físico (p<0,001), emocional (p=0,03) e social (p=0,002). Houve diferença em relação à avaliação psicossocial entre obesos e eutróficos (médias de 69,5±16,0 e 76,2±16,7, respectivamente). O grupo de adolescentes obesos apresentou maior quantidade de distúrbios do sono (p=0,03). Conclusões: Adolescentes obesos apresentaram prejuízo na QV e maior quantidade de distúrbios do sono comparados aos indivíduos eutróficos.

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UNLABELLED: Obesity and sleep disorders in adolescence are strongly associated, and they impact both on the health and on quality of life (QL) in this age group. OBJECTIVE: To comparatively assess QL and sleep in obese and eutrophic adolescents, who are older than ten years of age. METHODS: Cross-sectional study including obese adolescents. This analysis was carried out between August 2009 and August 2010. The Control (eutrophic) Group comprised schoolchildren recruited from State schools in the city of Americana, in São Paulo State, Brazil. Instruments applied included a standardized questionnaire, the Sleep Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ), and the Pediatric QL Inventory (PedsQL TM 4.0). RESULTS: The obese adolescents had poorer QL on physical (p<0.001), emotional (p=0.03), and social (p=0.002) functioning domains. A difference in mean psychosocial functioning was found between the groups (p=0.009) with obese subjects having a mean score of 69.5 (±16.0) and in eutrophic individuals of 76.2 (±16.7). A greater number of sleep problems was evident in the Obese Group (p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The obese adolescents had an impaired QL and a higher frequency of sleep problems compared to the eutrophic subjects.

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OBJECTIVES: To assess sleep characteristics of adolescents infected by HIV, and to ascertain whether psychosocial aspects are associated to the quality of sleep. METHODS: A cross-sectional study assessing 102 HIV-infected adolescents of both genders, aged between 10 and 20 years-old and 120 Controls. Data collection was performed by applying the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. RESULTS: A sleep disturbance prevalence of 77.4% was found in patients, and a 75% prevalence in controls, and there was correlation between quality of sleep and of life. HIV-infected adolescents scored higher for sleep breathing disorders and had higher prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness. CONCLUSIONS: HIV-infected adolescents had similar quality of sleep compared to healthy adolescents. This may be explained by the steady improvements in daily living as a result of successful anti-retroviral therapy, and by the vulnerability that affects Brazilian adolescents living in major urban centers.

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OBJECTIVES: To assess sleep characteristics of adolescents infected by HIV, and to ascertain whether psychosocial aspects are associated to the quality of sleep. METHODS: A cross-sectional study assessing 102 HIV-infected adolescents of both genders, aged between 10 and 20 years-old and 120 Controls. Data collection was performed by applying the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. RESULTS: A sleep disturbance prevalence of 77.4% was found in patients, and a 75% prevalence in controls, and there was correlation between quality of sleep and of life. HIV-infected adolescents scored higher for sleep breathing disorders and had higher prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness. CONCLUSIONS: HIV-infected adolescents had similar quality of sleep compared to healthy adolescents. This may be explained by the steady improvements in daily living as a result of successful anti-retroviral therapy, and by the vulnerability that affects Brazilian adolescents living in major urban centers.

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar as características do sono de adolescentes infectados pelo HIV e estudar se os aspectos psicossociais estão associados à qualidade do sono. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, que avaliou 102 adolescentes, com idades entre 10 e 20 anos, infectados pelo HIV, e 120 controles, de ambos os gêneros. Para a coleta de dados, aplicaram-se: a Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children, a Epworth Sleepiness Scale, e o Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se prevalência de distúrbios do sono em 77,4% dos pacientes e em 75% nos controles, e houve correlação entre qualidade do sono e de vida. Adolescentes HIV-positivos apresentaram maior pontuação nos distúrbios respiratórios do sono e maior prevalência de sonolência diurna excessiva. CONCLUSÕES: Adolescentes infectados pelo HIV apresentaram qualidade de sono semelhante à da população saudável. Isso provavelmente decorre pela melhora de suas condições de vida resultante do sucesso da terapia antirretroviral em pacientes HIV-positivos e pelas vulnerabilidades que afetam adolescentes brasileiros de grandes centros urbanos.

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OBJECTIVE: This pioneering study aimed to evaluate executive attention and working memory in Brazilian narcoleptic outpatients. METHODS: Narcoleptic group: 19 treated narcoleptic outpatients (13 F; 6 M) (mean age=37.58; SD = 8.93); control group: 19 subjects (15 F; 4 M) (mean age=34.42; SD=12.31). INSTRUMENTS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale - Brazilian Portuguese Version (ESS-BR), Victoria Stroop Test (VST), Trail Making Test (TMT) and Letter-Number Sequencing (LNS) of WAIS-III. RESULTS: Significant difference at Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) (p<0.001) and at working memory (p=0.009) with worse results for narcoleptic patients. Patients were slower at VST-1 (p=0.002), VST-2 (p=0.045) and at TMT-A (p=0.016), TMT-B (p=0.006) and B-A (p=0.024). CONCLUSION: Narcoleptic patients showed higher degrees of EDS, an impaired executive attention at a temporal level and lower performance in working memory when compared to normal controls.

OBJETIVO: Este estudo pioneiro teve como objetivo avaliar a atenção executiva e a memória de trabalho em pacientes brasileiros com narcolepsia. MÉTODOS: Grupo-estudo: 19 narcolépticos tratados (13 M; 6 H), com média de idade de 37,58 anos, DP=8,93; grupo-controle: 19 sujeitos (15 M; 4 H), com média de idade de 34,42 anos, DP=12,31. UTILIZARAM-SE: a Escala de Sonolência de Epworth-BR, Victoria Stroop Test (VST), Trail Making Test (TMT) e Sequência de Números e Letras (SNL) da WAIS-III. RESULTADOS: Houve diferença significativa nos graus de Sonolência Diurna Excessiva (SDE) (p<0,001) e na memória de trabalho (p=0,009), com piores resultados para o grupo-estudo. Do mesmo modo, verificaram-se tempos aumentados no grupo-estudo para execução do VST-1 (p=0,002), VST-2 (p=0,045) e TMT-A (p=0,016), e TMT-B (p=0,006) e B-A (p=0,024). CONCLUSÃO: Os pacientes com narcolepsia apresentaram graus mais elevados de SDE, prejuízo na atenção executiva em nível temporal e desempenho inferior da memória de trabalho em relação aos sujeitos-controles.

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OBJECTIVE: This pioneering study aimed to evaluate executive attention and working memory in Brazilian narcoleptic outpatients. METHODS: Narcoleptic group: 19 treated narcoleptic outpatients (13 F; 6 M) (mean age=37.58; SD = 8.93); control group: 19 subjects (15 F; 4 M) (mean age=34.42; SD=12.31). INSTRUMENTS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale - Brazilian Portuguese Version (ESS-BR), Victoria Stroop Test (VST), Trail Making Test (TMT) and Letter-Number Sequencing (LNS) of WAIS-III. RESULTS: Significant difference at Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) (p<0.001) and at working memory (p=0.009) with worse results for narcoleptic patients. Patients were slower at VST-1 (p=0.002), VST-2 (p=0.045) and at TMT-A (p=0.016), TMT-B (p=0.006) and B-A (p=0.024). CONCLUSION: Narcoleptic patients showed higher degrees of EDS, an impaired executive attention at a temporal level and lower performance in working memory when compared to normal controls.

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Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and fibromyalgia (FM) are musculoskeletal syndromes that appear to be associated to each other. Various studies throughout the literature relate the signs and symptoms of TMD in patients with FM. The objective of this study was to analyze the literature regarding clinical association between FM and TMD. Even though these conditions present different etiologies, the pain modulating mechanisms are similar. Many studies in this field aim to elucidate questions which are still little understood. However, it has been observed that these syndromes are characterized by a reduction in pain threshold and in the attenuation capabilities of descending pain modulating systems. Moreover, there is a certain degree of comorbidities between these two pathologies, which share many clinical characteristics. Numerous patients with FM present various signs and symptoms of TMD, while only a small quantity of individuals with TMD is diagnosed with FM. Therefore, an adequate and precise evaluation of the stomatognathic system in patients with FM, which encompasses TMD diagnosis in therapeutic intervention, is paramount.

A disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) e a fibromialgia (FM) são síndromes musculo-esqueléticas que parecerem estar associadas. Vários estudos na literatura relatam sinais e sintomas da DTM em pacientes com FM. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a literatura quanto à associação clínica entre fibromialgia e as disfunções temporomandibulares. Apesar de estes distúrbios possuírem etiologias diferentes, o mecanismo de modulação de dor é semelhante. Muitas pesquisas desenvolvidas nessa área buscam elucidar esta questão ainda pouco compreendida. Mas sugere-se que estas síndromes são caracterizadas por uma diminuição no limiar de dor e na capacidade de atenuação de sistemas descendente de modulação da dor. Além disso, há certo grau de comorbidade entre estas duas patologias, que compartilham muitas características clínicas. Muitos pacientes com FM apresentam vários sinais e sintomas de DTM, entretanto, uma pequena quantidade de indivíduos com DTM recebem um diagnóstico de FM. Portanto, é importante uma avaliação precisa e adequada do sistema estomatognático em pacientes com fibromialgia englobando o diagnóstico de disfunção temporomandibular na intervenção terapêutica

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INTRODUÇÃO: A Psicopedagogia se ocupa dos fatores envolvidos na aprendizagem. Os sintomas de estresse e os distúrbios do sono também repercutem na aprendizagem, especialmente quando esses transtornos ocorrem com o professor, o responsável pelo processo de ensino. OBJETIVO: O objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar o tipo de sintomas de estresse de professores da rede pública de Poços de Caldas. MÉTODO: A pesquisa, do tipo exploratório descritivo, estudou uma população de conveniência de 165 professores de Poços de Caldas, dos quais 59 por cento apresentavam estresse e 46,7 por cento eram maus dormidores, evidenciando associação entre os sintomas de estresse e o sono. Por meio do Questionário de Fatores de Estresse dos Professores (QFEP-Valle & Malvezzi), foram investigados os aspectos qualitativos do estresse dos professores. RESULTADOS: Os fatores predominantes que estressam os professores são: dupla jornada de trabalho e multiplicidade de tarefas, salário, barulho nas salas de aula e dificuldades nas relações família-escola. CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo revela a necessidade de pesquisas e atenção ao professor para prevenir consequências prejudiciais do estresse e dos distúrbios do sono.(AU)

INTRODUCTION: Psychopedagogy cares about involved factors in learning. Stress's symptoms and sleep's disorders also affects learning, especially when these disorders happens to teachers. PURPOSE: The purpose of this research is to investigate the type of teachers stress's symptoms in public net of Poços de Caldas. METHODS: This exploratory and descriptive research studied a population of 165 teachers, through the means of QFEP-Valle&Malvezzi, analyzing a descriptive exploratory, that revealed that 59 percent of the teachers were stressed and 46.7 percent of the teachers sleep badly, pointing out undeniable association between sleep and stress. RESULTS: The predominant teacher's stress factors are: double hours of working and multiplicity of tasks, salary, noisy in classroom, difficulties with the relations family-school. CONCLUSION: The conclusion of this study also disclosed the call for further developments in the investigation of teachers' care as a means for the prevention of stress and sleep disorders.(AU)

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A Psicopedagogia se ocupa dos fatores envolvidos na aprendizagem. Os sintomas de estresse e os distúrbios do sono também repercutem na aprendizagem, especialmente quando esses transtornos ocorrem com o professor, o responsável pelo processo de ensino. OBJETIVO: O objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar o tipo de sintomas de estresse de professores da rede pública de Poços de Caldas. MÉTODO: A pesquisa, do tipo exploratório descritivo, estudou uma população de conveniência de 165 professores de Poços de Caldas, dos quais 59 por cento apresentavam estresse e 46,7 por cento eram maus dormidores, evidenciando associação entre os sintomas de estresse e o sono. Por meio do Questionário de Fatores de Estresse dos Professores (QFEP-Valle & Malvezzi), foram investigados os aspectos qualitativos do estresse dos professores. RESULTADOS: Os fatores predominantes que estressam os professores são: dupla jornada de trabalho e multiplicidade de tarefas, salário, barulho nas salas de aula e dificuldades nas relações família-escola. CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo revela a necessidade de pesquisas e atenção ao professor para prevenir consequências prejudiciais do estresse e dos distúrbios do sono...

Psychopedagogy cares about involved factors in learning. Stress's symptoms and sleep's disorders also affects learning, especially when these disorders happens to teachers. PURPOSE: The purpose of this research is to investigate the type of teachers stress's symptoms in public net of Poços de Caldas. METHODS: This exploratory and descriptive research studied a population of 165 teachers, through the means of QFEP-Valle&Malvezzi, analyzing a descriptive exploratory, that revealed that 59 percent of the teachers were stressed and 46.7 percent of the teachers sleep badly, pointing out undeniable association between sleep and stress. RESULTS: The predominant teacher's stress factors are: double hours of working and multiplicity of tasks, salary, noisy in classroom, difficulties with the relations family-school. CONCLUSION: The conclusion of this study also disclosed the call for further developments in the investigation of teachers' care as a means for the prevention of stress and sleep disorders...

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INTRODUÇÃO: A Psicopedagogia se ocupa dos fatores envolvidos na aprendizagem. Os sintomas de estresse e os distúrbios do sono também repercutem na aprendizagem, especialmente quando esses transtornos ocorrem com o professor, o responsável pelo processo de ensino. OBJETIVO: O objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar o tipo de sintomas de estresse de professores da rede pública de Poços de Caldas. MÉTODO: A pesquisa, do tipo exploratório descritivo, estudou uma população de conveniência de 165 professores de Poços de Caldas, dos quais 59 por cento apresentavam estresse e 46,7 por cento eram maus dormidores, evidenciando associação entre os sintomas de estresse e o sono. Por meio do Questionário de Fatores de Estresse dos Professores (QFEP-Valle & Malvezzi), foram investigados os aspectos qualitativos do estresse dos professores. RESULTADOS: Os fatores predominantes que estressam os professores são: dupla jornada de trabalho e multiplicidade de tarefas, salário, barulho nas salas de aula e dificuldades nas relações família-escola. CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo revela a necessidade de pesquisas e atenção ao professor para prevenir consequências prejudiciais do estresse e dos distúrbios do sono.(AU)

INTRODUCTION: Psychopedagogy cares about involved factors in learning. Stress's symptoms and sleep's disorders also affects learning, especially when these disorders happens to teachers. PURPOSE: The purpose of this research is to investigate the type of teachers stress's symptoms in public net of Poços de Caldas. METHODS: This exploratory and descriptive research studied a population of 165 teachers, through the means of QFEP-Valle&Malvezzi, analyzing a descriptive exploratory, that revealed that 59 percent of the teachers were stressed and 46.7 percent of the teachers sleep badly, pointing out undeniable association between sleep and stress. RESULTS: The predominant teacher's stress factors are: double hours of working and multiplicity of tasks, salary, noisy in classroom, difficulties with the relations family-school. CONCLUSION: The conclusion of this study also disclosed the call for further developments in the investigation of teachers' care as a means for the prevention of stress and sleep disorders.(AU)

RESUMO

Adolescence is a period in which youngsters have to make choices such as applying for university. The selection process is competitive, and it brings distress and anxiety, risk factors for the appearance of sleep disorders. OBJECTIVE: To verify the occurrence of sleep disorders in third-year high school and pre-university students. METHOD: This cross-sectional descriptive study comprised a sample of 529 students (M=241, F=288) from three public schools, four private schools and two pre-university courses - a middle-class neighborhood in the city of São Paulo - aged between 16 and 19 years old. We used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) - a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: The participants (52.9 percent) took about 30 minutes to fall asleep, with an average of 306.4 minutes asleep, moderate daytime sleepiness (n=243, 45.9 percent) and indisposition (n=402, 75.9 percent) to develop the activities. The scores (M and F) were similar regarding problems that affect sleep. CONCLUSION: The investigated population showed sleep disorders and poor sleep quality.

A adolescência é tida como um período em que o jovem tem que fazer escolhas; a entrada na universidade é uma delas. O processo seletivo é concorrido, trazendo à tona angústia e ansiedade, fatores de risco para o surgimento de distúrbios do sono. OBJETIVO: Verificar a ocorrência de distúrbios do sono em estudantes do terceiro ano do ensino médio e de curso pré-vestibular. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, descritivo. A amostra de 529 estudantes (M=241; F=288) de três escolas públicas, quatro escolas privadas e dois cursos pré-vestibulares, de um bairro de classe média, da cidade de São Paulo, na faixa etária entre 16 e 19 anos. Utilizou-se o Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh (IQSP) - questionário padronizado. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se que os participantes (52,9 por cento) levavam cerca de 30 minutos para dormir, com a média de 306,4 minutos dormidos, apresentavam sonolência diurna moderada (n=243, 45,9 por cento) e indisposição (n=402, 75,9 por cento) para desenvolver as atividades. Os escores (M e F) são semelhantes, no que se refere aos problemas que influenciam o sono. CONCLUSÃO: Existe a ocorrência de distúrbios do sono e má qualidade do sono na população estudada.

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This descriptive, cross-sectional study was based on subjective questionnaires that assessed nighttime habits of television viewing and Internet use during weekdays and perceived sleep quality among university students. Sleep perception was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The study group comprised 710 university students aged 17-25 years. Analysis of sleep perception in relation to internet use revealed that 58.06% of subjects who accessed the internet between 19:00 and 21:00 slept poorly; 71.43% between 19:00 and 22:00; 73.33% between 19:00 and 24:00; and 52.38% between 19:00 and 03:00 (p = 0.0251). Concerning the relationship between television exposure and perceived sleep, the groups did not differ from each other (p = 0.9303). This study showed that internet use between 19:00 and 24:00 increases the risk of poor sleep among young adults, in comparison with television viewing times.

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This descriptive, cross-sectional study was based on subjective questionnaires that assessed nighttime habits of television viewing and Internet use during weekdays and perceived sleep quality among university students. Sleep perception was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The study group comprised 710 university students aged 17-25 years. Analysis of sleep perception in relation to internet use revealed that 58.06 percent of subjects who accessed the internet between 19:00 and 21:00 slept poorly; 71.43 percent between 19:00 and 22:00; 73.33 percent between 19:00 and 24:00; and 52.38 percent between 19:00 and 03:00 (p=0.0251). Concerning the relationship between television exposure and perceived sleep, the groups did not differ from each other (p=0.9303). This study showed that internet use between 19:00 and 24:00 increases the risk of poor sleep among young adults, in comparison with television viewing times.

Este estudo transversal descritivo com base em questionários subjetivos avalia o hábito de assistir TV e acessar a internet durante as noites nos dias de semana e a percepção da qualidade do sono entre universitários. Para avaliar a percepção do sono foi aplicado o Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh. O grupo estudado incluiu 710 universitários entre 17-25 anos. Para as análises da percepção do sono relacionado ao hábito de acessar o computador observou-se que acessam a internet e dormem mal: 58,06 por cento entre as 19 e as 21h; 71,43 por cento entre as 19 e as 22h; 73,33 por cento entre as 19 e as 24h; 52,38 por cento entre as 19 e as 3h (p=0,0251). Em relação aos horários de assistir TV e a percepção do sono os grupos não se diferenciaram entre si (p=0,9303). O estudo demonstra que acessar a internet durante os horários das 19 às 24h aumenta as chances dos jovens dormirem mal quando comparado aos horários de assistir TV.

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UNLABELLED: The various kinds of work may interfere in the laborer's quality of sleep. Among the factors, the unemployment caused by the period between the coffee harvests on the agriculture of South Minas may influence the appearance of anxiety and depression symptoms, and it may cause impairments to the quality of life and changes in the rural laborers' pattern of sleep. OBJECTIVE: To appraise the sleep and the effects on the quality of life in the rural laborers in the period between the coffee harvests. METHOD: In the study-group, 40 patients, rural laborers, were evaluated, and in the control-group, 40 patients, fixed laborers. Instruments used: clinical interview, The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality, Index Beck Anxiety Inventory, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and World Health Organization Quality of Life. RESULTS: The study-group showed impairment in the quality of the sleep; anxiety and depression signals and symptoms were high in both groups; being them higher in the harvesters laborers; the quality of life presented good levels in both groups, with losses in the domain "social relationship" between the harvesters; the sleep disturbances influenced the appearance of anxiety and depression signs and symptoms, but they did not interfere in the perception of the quality of life. CONCLUSION: The rural laborers that have fixed labors are less exposed to the symptoms of anxiety and depression - along with sleep disorders - than the harvesters laborers. Thus, the study-group's perception of the quality of life is better than the control-group's.

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OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study is to analyze the effect of stress on sleep quality in a group of adolescents. METHOD: Two high schools in Alfenas, southern Minas Gerais State, Brazil, were chosen to participate in the study. The sample consisted of both genders (n=160) with 65.63% females. The age range of participants was 15 to18 years. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was applied for collection of data to quantify sleep quality. The Lipp Inventory of Stress Symptoms that objectively identifies symptoms of stress was applied. RESULTS: It was observed that 23.53% of stressed students and 45.33% of unstressed ones sleep well; 76.47% of stressed pupils and 54.67% of those unstressed do not sleep well. With regard to school performance, a mean of 0.65 was found for stressed students and 0.60 for those without stress, Mann-Whitney (p=0.0596). CONCLUSION: Stress contributed to raising the percentage of poor sleepers, as ell as increasing ean school performance.

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OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study is to analyze the effect of stress on sleep quality in a group of adolescents. METHOD: Two high schools in Alfenas, southern Minas Gerais State, Brazil, were chosen to participate in the study. The sample consisted of both genders (n=160) with 65.63 percent females. The age range of participants was 15 to18 years. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was applied for collection of data to quantify sleep quality. The Lipp Inventory of Stress Symptoms that objectively identifies symptoms of stress was applied. RESULTS: It was observed that 23.53 percent of stressed students and 45.33 percent of unstressed ones sleep well; 76.47 percent of stressed pupils and 54.67 percent of those unstressed do not sleep well. With regard to school performance, a mean of 0.65 was found for stressed students and 0.60 for those without stress, Mann-Whitney (p=0.0596). CONCLUSION: Stress contributed to raising the percentage of poor sleepers, as ell as increasing ean school performance.

OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a influência do stress sobre a qualidade do sono em um grupo de adolescentes. MÉTODO: Foram escolhidas duas instituições educacionais do ensino médio, na cidade de Alfenas, sul de Minas Gerais, Brasil. A amostra foi composta por ambos os sexos (n=160), com 65,63 por cento do sexo feminino. A faixa etária dos participantes foi de 15 a 18 anos. Para a coleta de dados aplicou-se: Índice de Qualidade de Sono de Pittsburgh (IQSP) utilizado para quantificar a qualidade do sono; o Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp (ISSL) que identifica de modo objetivo a sintomatologia de stress foi aplicado. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que 23,53 por cento dos estressados dormem bem e 45,33 por cento dos não estressados dormem bem; 76,47 por cento dos estressados não dormem bem e 54,67 por cento dos não estressados não dormem bem. Quanto ao rendimento escolar têm-se as médias 0,65 para os alunos estressados e 0,60 para aqueles que não sofrem de stress, Mann-Whitney (p=0,0596). CONCLUSÃO: O stress contribui para elevar o percentual de maus dormidores, assim como, elevou as médias do rendimento escolar.

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The various kinds of work may interfere in the laborer's quality of sleep. Among the factors, the unemployment caused by the period between the coffee harvests on the agriculture of South Minas may influence the appearance of anxiety and depression symptoms, and it may cause impairments to the quality of life and changes in the rural laborers' pattern of sleep. OBJECTIVE: To appraise the sleep and the effects on the quality of life in the rural laborers in the period between the coffee harvests. METHOD: In the study-group, 40 patients, rural laborers, were evaluated, and in the control-group, 40 patients, fixed laborers. Instruments used: clinical interview, The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality, Index Beck Anxiety Inventory, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and World Health Organization Quality of Life. RESULTS: The study-group showed impairment in the quality of the sleep; anxiety and depression signals and symptoms were high in both groups; being them higher in the harvesters laborers; the quality of life presented good levels in both groups, with losses in the domain "social relationship" between the harvesters; the sleep disturbances influenced the appearance of anxiety and depression signs and symptoms, but they did not interfere in the perception of the quality of life. CONCLUSION: The rural laborers that have fixed labors are less exposed to the symptoms of anxiety and depression - along with sleep disorders - than the harvesters laborers. Thus, the study-group's perception of the quality of life is better than the control-group's.

As diversas formas de trabalho podem interferir na qualidade do sono do trabalhador. Entre os fatores, o desemprego ocasionado pela entressafra da cultura cafeeira nas lavouras sul mineiras pode influenciar no surgimento de sintomas de ansiedade e de depressão e causar prejuízos na qualidade de vida e alterações no padrão do sono dos trabalhadores rurais. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o sono e as repercussões na qualidade de vida em trabalhadores rurais na entressafra cafeeira. MÉTODO: No grupo-estudo foram avaliados 40 pacientes trabalhadores rurais e no grupo-controle 40 pacientes trabalhadores fixos. Instrumentos utilizados: entrevista clínica, The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Beck anxiety Inventory, Hamilton depression rating Scale e World Health Organization Quality of Life. RESULTADOS: O grupo-estudo apresentou prejuízo na qualidade do sono; sinais e sintomas de ansiedade e depressão foram elevados nos dois grupos, sendo maior nos trabalhadores safristas; a qualidade de vida apresentou bons níveis nos dois grupos, havendo perdas no domínio "relações sociais" entre os safristas; os distúrbios do sono influenciaram no surgimento de sinais e sintomas de ansiedade e depressão, mas não interferiram na percepção da qualidade de vida. CONCLUSÃO: Trabalhadores rurais detentores de trabalho fixo estão menos expostos aos sintomas de ansiedade e depressão - acompanhados de distúrbios do sono - que os trabalhadores safristas. Assim, a percepção da qualidade de vida do grupo-estudo é melhor que a do grupo-controle.

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OBJETIVO: Revisar a literatura sobre insônia de crianças pequenas e seus aspectos relacionados às repercussões familiares, à abordagem pediátrica e ao seu tratamento. FONTES DE DADOS: Levantamento de publicações indexadas no Medline e Lilacs entre os anos de 1998 e 2008, rastreadas com a combinação dos descritores: "sleep", "insomnia", "child", "depression", "mother-child relationship", além de teses e capítulos de livros pertinentes ao assunto. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: A insônia da criança pequena, definida como dificuldade repetida em iniciar e/ou manter o sono, é queixa frequente na clínica pediátrica e usualmente traz repercussões nos pais relativas à privação de sono. Aos dois a três meses de idade, há condições biológicas para consolidação das horas de sono à noite; estando a conduta parental associada às dificuldades neste processo. Estudos demonstram que há associação entre insônia do bebê e depressão nas mães, e a insônia pode ser manifestação de dificuldades no desenvolvimento psíquico da criança pequena, que acontece na relação com sua mãe. CONCLUSÕES: O ritmo de sono nos bebês pode e deve estabelecer-se precocemente; os hábitos para o sono devem basear-se nas medidas de higiene do sono. A depressão nas mães, que pode contribuir para a insônia do bebê, idealmente poderia ser detectada pelo pediatra, prevenindo esse comprometimento das mães e de seus bebês.

OBJECTIVE: To review the literature on insomnia in small children, its aspects related to effects on parents, pediatric approach and treatment. DATA SOURCES: A survey of publications indexed in Medline and Lilacs between the years 1998 and 2008, searched through the combination of the descriptors "sleep", "insomnia", "child", "depression", "mother-child relationship", besides thesis and chapters of books concerning the subject. DATA SYNTHESIS: The small child insomnia, defined as repeated difficulty in initiating and/or maintaining sleep, is a common complaint in the pediatric clinic, and usually entails repercussions on parents related to sleep deprivation. At about two to three months of age, there are already biological conditions for consolidating sleep hours during the night. Parental behavior is associated to difficulties to establish this process. Studies point out that baby's insomnia and mother's depression are closely related. Probably, the insomnia is a sign of the difficulties in the small child's psychic development in the context of mother-child relationship. CONCLUSIONS: Rhythmic sleep in babies can and should be established early in life; sleep habits should be built on rules of sleep hygiene. Mother's depression, which may contribute to baby's insomnia, should ideally be detected by pediatricians, thus preventing such suffering for mothers and babies.

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UNLABELLED: Adolescence is a period in which youngsters have to make choices such as applying for university. The selection process is competitive, and it brings distress and anxiety, risk factors for the appearance of sleep disorders. OBJECTIVE: To verify the occurrence of sleep disorders in third-year high school and pre-university students. METHOD: This cross-sectional descriptive study comprised a sample of 529 students (M=241, F=288) from three public schools, four private schools and two pre-university courses - a middle-class neighborhood in the city of São Paulo - aged between 16 and 19 years old. We used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) - a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: The participants (52.9%) took about 30 minutes to fall asleep, with an average of 306.4 minutes asleep, moderate daytime sleepiness (n=243, 45.9%) and indisposition (n=402, 75.9%) to develop the activities. The scores (M and F) were similar regarding problems that affect sleep. CONCLUSION: The investigated population showed sleep disorders and poor sleep quality.

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