RESUMO
Sertoli cells provide the structural and nutritional support for germ cell development; they actively metabolize glucose and convert it to lactate, which is an important source of energy for germ cells. Furthermore, Sertoli cells can oxidize fatty acids, a metabolic process that is assumed to fulfill their own energy requirements. Fatty acids are stored as triacylglycerides within lipid droplets. The regulation of fatty acid storage in conjunction with the regulation of lactate production may thus be relevant to seminiferous tubule physiology. Our aim is to evaluate a possible means of regulation by the PPARγ activation of lipid droplet formation and lactate production. Sertoli cell cultures obtained from 20-day-old rats were incubated with Rosiglitazone (10 µM), a PPARγ activator, for various periods of time (6, 12, 24 and 48 h). Increased triacylglycerides levels and lipid droplet content were observed, accompanied by a rise in the expression of genes for proteins involved in fatty acid storage, such as the fatty acid transporter Cd36, glycerol-3-phosphate-acyltransferases 1 and 3, diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 and perilipins 1, 2 and 3, all proteins that participate in lipid droplet formation and stabilization. However, PPARγ activation increased lactate production, accompanied by an augmentation in glucose uptake and Glut2 expression. These results taken together suggest that PPARγ activation in Sertoli cells participates in the regulation of lipid storage and lactate production thereby ensuring simultaneously the energetic metabolism for the Sertoli and germ cells.
Assuntos
Ácido Láctico/biossíntese , Gotículas Lipídicas/metabolismo , PPAR gama/metabolismo , Células de Sertoli/citologia , Células de Sertoli/metabolismo , Animais , Glucose/metabolismo , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Gotículas Lipídicas/efeitos dos fármacos , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Modelos Biológicos , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Rosiglitazona/farmacologia , Células de Sertoli/efeitos dos fármacos , Triglicerídeos/metabolismoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the dry and rainy season on the antibacterial activity and chemical composition of the Brazilian red propolis. The samples were collected in rainy (RP-PER) and dry (RP-PED) seasons and analyzed by HPLC-DAD. The extracts were tested alone and in association with antibiotics against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The HPLC analysis identified luteolin and quercetin as the main compounds. Seasonal variation was observed according to concentrations of the compounds. The MIC values against E. coli ranged from 128 µg/mL to 512 µg/mL (EC 06 and EC ATCC). The red propolis showed MIC values of 512 µg/mL against both strains of P. aeruginosa used in our study (PA03 and PA24) and against strains of Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus the MICs ranged from 64 µg/mL to ≥1024 µg/mL (SA10). A synergistic effect was observed when we combined the RP-PED with gentamicin against all the strains tested. When we combined the RP-PED with Imipenem, we only observed synergistic effect against P. aeruginosa. According to our synergistic activity results, the utilization of red propolis collected in the drier periods can be used as an adjuvant against multiresistant bacterial infections.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Própole/química , Antibacterianos/química , Brasil , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Compostos Fitoquímicos/química , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Estações do Ano , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the existence of a possible simultaneous regulation of fatty acid (FA) metabolism and lactate production by PPAR α and PPAR ß/δ activation in Sertoli cells (SC). SC cultures obtained from 20-day-old rats were incubated with WY14643 or GW0742-pharmacological activators of PPAR α and PPAR ß/δ respectively. The fatty acid transporter CD36, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, long- and medium-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenases mRNA levels were analyzed. An increase in the above-mentioned genes in response to activation of both nuclear receptors was observed. Additionally, PPAR ß/δ activation increased lactate production as a consequence of increased pyruvate availability by inhibiting the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex. Altogether, these results suggest that in SC, PPAR α activation participates in the regulation of FA metabolism. On the other hand, PPAR ß/δ activation regulates FA metabolism and lactate production ensuring simultaneously the energetic metabolism for SC and germ cells.
Assuntos
PPAR alfa/metabolismo , PPAR delta/metabolismo , PPAR beta/metabolismo , Células de Sertoli/metabolismo , Acetil-CoA Carboxilase/metabolismo , Acil-CoA Desidrogenase/genética , Acil-CoA Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Animais , Antígenos CD36/metabolismo , Carnitina O-Palmitoiltransferase/genética , Carnitina O-Palmitoiltransferase/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Glucose/metabolismo , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Lactatos/metabolismo , Masculino , Modelos Biológicos , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Complexo Piruvato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Células de Sertoli/efeitos dos fármacos , Células de Sertoli/enzimologia , Tiazóis/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and interleukin 1ß (IL1ß) belong to the set of intratesticular regulators that provide for the fine-tuning of processes implicated in the maintenance of spermatogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate if bFGF and IL1ß activate CREB, what signaling pathways may be participating and the possible relationship between CREB activation and the regulation of Sertoli cell function. METHODS: Twenty-day-old rat Sertoli cell cultures were used. RESULTS: Cultures stimulated with bFGF and IL1ß produced a time-dependent increment in phosphorylated CREB levels that reached maximal values in 5- and 15-minute incubations respectively. MEK inhibitors--PD98059 and U0126--blocked the effect of bFGF on phosphorylated CREB while a p38-MAPK inhibitor--SB203580--blocked the effect of IL1ß on phosphorylated CREB. A possible correlation between CREB regulation and two Sertoli cell-differentiated functions, Ldh A and transferrin expression, was explored. PD98059 blocked the ability of bFGF to stimulate Ldh A expression and SB203580 blocked the ability of IL1ß to stimulate Ldh A expression and LDH activity. Concerning transferrin, PD98059 and U0126 were able to inhibit the ability of bFGF to stimulate its secre tion. On the contrary, SB203580 was unable to block IL1ß induced increase in transferrin secretion suggesting that the p38-MAPK pathway does not participate in the mechanism of action of the cytokine to regulate transferrin. CONCLUSIONS: The results presented herein suggest that CREB is stimulated in response to bFGF and IL1ß through p42/p44-MAPK and p38-MAPK pathways and that this transcription factor may be partially responsible for the regulation of Sertoli cell function.
Assuntos
Proteína de Ligação ao Elemento de Resposta ao AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Fator 2 de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases , Células de Sertoli/metabolismo , Regulação para Cima , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Fator 2 de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/genética , Humanos , Cinética , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Quinases de Proteína Quinase Ativadas por Mitógeno/antagonistas & inibidores , Quinases de Proteína Quinase Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Células de Sertoli/citologia , Células de Sertoli/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação para Cima/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismoRESUMO
La aplicación de la vacuna PCV7 en algunos países ha determinado un aumento significativo de neumococos del serotipo 19A y este hecho ha llevado a una atenuación del impacto inicial logrado en términos de prevención de enfermedades neumocócicas invasivas. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: (a) describir la frecuencia de los neumococos 19A, antes de la vacunación antineumocócica masiva, en niños con OMA desde la óptica parcial de un solo hospital de la ciudad de Buenos Aires, (b) estudiar su vinculación a casos de recurrencias y (c) su sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos. Se aislaron 133 neumococos, 126 de los cuales resultaron viables para poder realizar su identificación a nivel de tipo y los estudios correspondientes de sensibilidad a los antibióticos. Los serotipos más prevalentes fueron el 14 (14,3%) y el 19A (11,9%). Ocho de los 15 aislados de S. pneumoniae 19A presentaron sensibilidad disminuida a la penicilina, lo que representó el 22,2% de los neumococos no sensibles provenientes de OMA. El serotipo 19A estuvo involucrado en 3 de los 12 casos de recurrencias por S. pneumoniae. Probablemente la nueva vacuna 13-valente, la única conjugada que contiene antígenos contra el neumococo 19A, pueda impedir su incremento tanto en OMA como en enfermedades invasivas.
In several countries administration of PCV7vaccine has cau-sed a significant increase in 19A serotype pneumococci.This effect has diminished the initial impact on invasive pneumococcal infection prevention. The aims of the present study were: (a) to describe the incidence of 19A pneumococci in children with acute otitis media (AOM), beforethe massive administration of pneumococcal vaccines, fromthe scope of a single pediatric hospital in the city of Buenos Aires, (b) to study their relation to recurrences, and (c) their antimicrobial susceptibility. One hundred and thirty-three pneumococci were isolated from children with AOM; 126 of these were viable to further identify pneumococcal serotypes and determine antimicrobial susceptibility. The most prevalent serotypes were 14 (14.3%) and 19A (11.9%). Eightout of the 15 19A serotype pneumococcal isolates showed diminished susceptibility to penicillin, accounting for 22.2% of non-susceptible pneumococci from AOM. Serotype 19A was involved in 3 out of 12 cases of recurrent AOM due to S. pneumoniae. The new 13-valent vaccine, containing antibodies against 19A pneumococci, may prevent its increasing incidence rate both in AOM and in other invasive infections.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Doença Aguda/terapia , Hospitais Pediátricos , Imunocompetência , Otite Média/prevenção & controle , Otite Média/terapia , Sorotipagem , Streptococcus pneumoniae , Vacinas Conjugadas , ArgentinaRESUMO
Pertussis es una enfermedad particularmente grave en menores de 1 año. No sólo no se ha podido erradicar pese al uso de vacunas por más de cincuenta años, sino que en la actualidad ha reemergido. En junio del 2010 se registró uno de los mayores brotes de coqueluche de los Estados Unidos, con 910 casos confirmados. En la Argentina se ha venido registrando un aumento significativo de casos de pertussis. En este trabajo se presentan datos nacionales y de nuestro hospital confirmados por cultivo y/o métodos moleculares (PCR). Durante el período 2008-2010 se registraron anualmente en nuestro país entre 600 y 1.000 casos con sintomatología compatible y en el Hospital Garrahan entre 110 y 150. La confirmación se concretó en alrededor de 24% de los casos nacionales y entre un 7% y un 36,4% en el hospital. Los datos obtenidos en los laboratorios nacionales de referencia muestran un registro actual que vuelve a alcanzar los valores del 2008, luego de un descenso en el 2009. En el Hospital Garrahan, un aumento relativo en el número de casos sospechosos no confirmados podría estar vinculados a cuadros respiratorios compatibles con pertussis producidos por otros agentes etiológicos. Más allá de las variaciones anuales se puede observar la vigencia de esta enfermedad en la Argentina. Desde el punto de vista de la prevención es importante destacar que muchos de estos niños no habían recibido el esquema de vacunación completo (la mayoría de los casos se registró en menores de 6 meses). (AU)
Pertussis is a especially severe illness in infants. The use of vaccines during more than 50 years could not eradicate this illness, that now it has reemerged. In June 2010 one of the greatest outbreaks of coqueluche was recorded in the United States, with 910 confirmed cases. In Argentina, a significant increase of pertussis cases was recorded. In the present study both national and hospital data is presented, including cases confirmed by culture and/or molecular methods (PCR). During 2008-2010 between 600 and 1,000 cases were recorded in our country, and between 110 and 150 at the Hospital Garrahan. Confirmation was done in almost 24% of national cases and between 7% and 36.4% in the hospital. Data obtained by national reference laboratories showed that cases decreased from 2007 to 2008, to regain similar numbers in 2009. In the Hospital Garrahan a relative increase of non-confirmed suspected cases could be related to respiratory syndromes due to other agents but compatible with pertussis. Beyond annual fluctuations the prevalence of this illness in Argentina can be observed. From the prevention point of view it is very important to highlight that many of these children have not received the complete vaccination scheme (most of cases have been recorded in less than 6-month-old children) (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Argentina/epidemiologia , Bordetella pertussis/isolamento & purificação , Coqueluche/prevenção & controle , Coqueluche/epidemiologia , Sistema Nacional de Vigilância em Saúde , Hospitais Pediátricos/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Pertussis continues causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although its epidemiology has been studied in many developed countries, the current pertussis situation in South America is scarcely known. This review summarizes the most important recent data concerning pertussis in a country of South America, Argentina. METHODS: CDC criteria were used for pertussis diagnosis. Proportion of pertussis cases by age, immunization status, and immunization coverage rate evaluated at the Argentinean National Pertussis Reference Centers was reported. Bordetella pertussis isolates were characterized and compared with vaccine strains. RESULTS: From 2002 to nowadays, a steady increase of pertussis cases was observed. Most of these cases correspond to patients younger than six months old that received less than three doses of vaccine. However, cases in adolescent and adults have also been detected. For this situation, which is not peculiar to Argentina, several explanations have been proposed. Among them, the inability of current vaccines to induce long-lasting immunity is the most widely accepted as a cause of pertussis resurgence. Furthermore, antigenic divergence between local clinical isolates and vaccine strains may have aggravated the effect of waning immunity. CONCLUSIONS: Pertussis is an important problem for public health in Argentina. Divergence between vaccine strains and local isolates could contribute to the described pertussis epidemiology.
Assuntos
Coqueluche/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Argentina/epidemiologia , Bordetella pertussis/classificação , Bordetella pertussis/isolamento & purificação , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Impressões Digitais de DNA , Humanos , Imunoterapia Ativa/estatística & dados numéricos , Incidência , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Coqueluche/diagnósticoRESUMO
During the period 1993-2001, a total of 1,499 pneumococci isolates were recovered through the Argentinean surveillance of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing invasive disease in children under 6 years of age, 3.5% of which were erythromycin resistant. Among the 50 erythromycin-resistant strains available, 58% (n=29) harbored mefA/E genes (15 mefA, 30%; and 14 mefE, 28%), 34% (n=17) ermB, and 6% (n=3) both mefA/E plus ermB genes, while one isolate was negative for all the acquired genes studied. The England14-9 (42%), Poland6B-20 (20%) and Spain9V-3 (16%) clones were responsible for the emergence of pneumococcal macrolide resistance in pediatric population from Argentina.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Eritromicina/farmacologia , Genes Bacterianos , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Metiltransferases/genética , Infecções Estreptocócicas/microbiologia , Streptococcus pneumoniae/genética , Argentina/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Células Clonais , Humanos , Lactente , Infecções Estreptocócicas/epidemiologia , Streptococcus pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
During the period 1993-2001, a total of 1,499 pneumococci isolates were recovered through the Argentinean surveillance of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing invasive disease in children under 6 years of age, 3.5% of which were erythromycin resistant. Among the 50 erythromycin-resistant strains available, 58% (n=29) harbored mefA/E genes (15 mefA, 30%; and 14 mefE, 28%), 34% (n=17) ermB, and 6% (n=3) both mefA/E plus ermB genes, while one isolate was negative for all the acquired genes studied. The England14-9 (42%), Poland6B-20 (20%) and Spain9v-3 (16%) clones were responsible for the emergence of pneumococcal macrolide resistance in pediatric population from Argentina.
En el marco del programa de vigilancia regional SIREVA, se analizaron 1499 aislamientos de Streptococcus pneumoniae causantes de enfermedad invasiva en menores de 6 años, recuperados entre 1993 y 2001. Se detectó un 3,5% de resistencia a eritromicina. De los 50 aislamientos resistentes a eritromicina que pudieron ser estudiados, el 58% (n=29) tenían los genes mefA/E (15 mefA, 30% y 14 mefE, 28%), el 34% (n=17) el gen ermB y el 6% (n=3) la combinación de genes mefA/E y ermB. Sólo un aislamiento fue negativo para todos los genes analizados. Los clones internacionales England14-9, Poland6B-20 y Spain9v-3 representaron el 78% del total de aislamientos resistentes (42, 20 y 16%, respectivamente) y se consideraron los responsables de la emergencia de la resistencia a macrólidos entre los neumococos que afectan a la población pediátrica de Argentina.
Assuntos
Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Eritromicina/farmacologia , Genes Bacterianos , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Metiltransferases/genética , Infecções Estreptocócicas/microbiologia , Streptococcus pneumoniae/genética , Argentina/epidemiologia , Células Clonais , Infecções Estreptocócicas/epidemiologia , Streptococcus pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
The serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae varies through time. The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines showed a decreased prevalence of pneumococcal invasive isolates belonging to serotype 14 and an increase of serotypes not therein included. In 1993, the Hospital de Niños of Santa Fe began surveillance of the serotype distribution of invasive S. pneumoniae disease. In the period 2003-2005, 76 isolates were analysed by studying the correlation between serotype and pathology, age and MIC of penicillin. Serotype 14 was the most frequent followed by serotypes 1, 6B, 18C, 7F, 19 F and 5. Serotype 14 showed a statistically significant correlation with MICs of penicillin ranging from 0,5 to 2 mg/l. Although this serotype was more frequently observed in pneumonia than in meningitis, there was not a significant association with any particular pathology. Serotypes 14 and 1, were prevalent among children under and over 2 years old, respectively. Most of these isolates with MICs of penicillin = 2 mg/l, were from patients with pneumonia and not with meningitis. The serotype distribution was similar to that during the period 1993-99, with the exception of serotypes 18C, 4, 12F and 22F which had never been found before. The emergence of these serotypes makes it essential to continue surveillance to determine which conjugated vaccine formulation would be suitable to prevent the most frequent pneumococcal invasive infections.
Assuntos
Meningites Bacterianas/microbiologia , Pneumonia Bacteriana/microbiologia , Streptococcus pneumoniae/classificação , Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Criança , HumanosRESUMO
Con la introducción de vacunas conjugadas antineumocócicas se observó, en muchos países, disminución de aislamientos de Streptococcus pneumoniae del serotipo 14 y aumento de aislamientos correspondientes a serotipos no incluidos en esas vacunas. En 1993, el Hospital de Niños de Santa Fe comenzó la vigilancia de la distribución de serotipos de Streptococcus pneumoniae invasores. En este trabajo se estudió la correlación entre serotipo y a) patología (neumonía/meningitis), b) edad (menor o mayor de dos años), y c) CIM de penicilina, para los serotipos aislados en el período 2003-2005. El serotipo predominante fue el 14, seguido del 1, 6B, 18C, 7F, 19F y 5. El serotipo 14 mostró asociación estadísticamente significativa con valores de CIM de penicilina entre 0,5 y 2 mg/l, no así con alguna patología, aunque se lo halló con mayor frecuencia en neumonías que en meningitis. Los serotipos 14 y 1 prevalecieron en niños menores y mayores de 2 años, respectivamente. La CIM de penicilina = 2 mg/l se observó más en neumonías que en meningitis. La frecuencia relativa de los diferentes serotipos hallados fue semejante a la observada en el período 1993-99; no obstante, los serotipos 18C, 4, 12F y 22F no se habían encontrado antes. La aparición de nuevos serotipos convierte en importante la vigilancia, dada la necesidad de formular vacunas que los incluyan y que efectivamente prevengan las infecciones neumocócicas más comunes.
The serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae varies through time. The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines showed a decreased prevalence of pneumococcal invasive isolates belonging to serotype 14 and an increase of serotypes not therein included. In 1993, the Hospital de Niños of Santa Fe began surveillance of the serotype distribution of invasive S. pneumoniae disease. In the period 2003 - 2005, 76 isolates were analysed by studying the correlation between serotype and pathology, age and MIC of penicillin. Serotype 14 was the most frequent followed by serotypes 1, 6B, 18C, 7F, 19 F and 5. Serotype 14 showed a statistically significant correlation with MICs of penicillin ranging from 0,5 to 2 mg/l. Although this serotype was more frequently observed in pneumonia than in meningitis, there was not a significant association with any particular pathology. Serotypes 14 and 1, were prevalent among children under and over 2 years old, respectively. Most of these isolates with MICs of penicillin = 2 mg/l, were from patients with pneumonia and not with meningitis. The serotype distribution was similar to that during the period 1993-99, with the exception of serotypes 18C, 4, 12F and 22F which had never been found before. The emergence of these serotypes makes it essential to continue surveillance to determine which conjugated vaccine formulation would be suitable to prevent the most frequent pneumococcal invasive infections.
Assuntos
Criança , Humanos , Meningites Bacterianas/microbiologia , Pneumonia Bacteriana/microbiologia , Streptococcus pneumoniae/classificação , Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Neisseria meningitidis is an important cause of meningitis, bacteremia and septic shock syndrome. We herein present the distribution of serogroups, serotypes and serosubtypes of 2244 isolates of N. meningitidis from patients with meningitis or meningococcemia, received within the period 1993-2005, in the National Reference Laboratory, INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", from 33 Argentine hospitals that are included in a National Network devoted to for the study of bacterial meningitis. Between 1993-1995, serogroup B was prevalent (66%) whereas in the period from 1995-2001, serogroup C prevailed (65%). However, following but after that period, the prevalence of serogroup B was recovered. In the last 5 years of the studied period, the serogroups Y and W135 represented as a whole a 15.6% as a whole whereas up to the year 2000 during the first 6 years they accounted for it was of 4.7%. Higher diversity in the distribution of serotypes and serosubtypes was observed within serogroup B. The nonsubtypable isolates throughout the period of study represented the 52.8%, this high percentage demonstrates the limited capacity of the serotyping for the determination of meningococcal/meningococcus subtypes. of meningococco.
Assuntos
Meningite Meningocócica/microbiologia , Neisseria meningitidis/classificação , Neisseria meningitidis/isolamento & purificação , Argentina , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , LactenteRESUMO
Neisseria meningitidis es agente causal de enfermedades severas como meningitis, bacteriemia y síndrome de shock séptico. Se presenta la distribución en serogrupos, serotipos y serosubtipos de 2244 aislamientos de N. meningitidis obtenidos de cuadros de meningitis y/o meningococcemia durante el período 1993-2005 y analizados en el Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia del INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán". Estos aislamientos eran provenientes de 33 hospitales de todo el país, conformados en una red nacional de laboratorios para el estudio de meningitis bacteriana. Durante el período 1993-1995 prevaleció el serogrupo B (66%), mientras que entre los años 1995 y 2001 prevaleció el serogrupo C (65%); a partir de esta fecha se restableció la prevalencia de B. En los últimos 5 años los serogrupos Y y W135 representaron en su conjunto el 15,6%, mientras que hasta el año 2000 no superaron el 4,7%. Se registró mayor diversidad en la distribución de serotipos y serosubtipos dentro del serogrupo B que dentro del serogrupo C. Los aislamientos no subtipables durante todo el período de estudio representaron el 52,8%; este elevado porcentaje evidencia la limitada capacidad de la serología para la determinación de subtipos de meningococo.
Neisseria meningitidis is an important cause of meningitis, bacteremia and septic shock syndrome. We herein present the distribution of serogroups, serotypes and serosubtypes of 2244 isolates of N. meningitidis from patients with meningitis or meningococcemia, received within the period 1993-2005, in the National Reference Laboratory, INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", from 33 Argentine hospitals that are included in a National Network devoted to for the study of bacterial meningitis. Between 1993-1995, serogroup B was prevalent (66%) whereas in the period from 1995-2001, serogroup C prevailed (65%). However, following but after that period, the prevalence of serogroup B was recovered. In the last 5 years of the studied period, the serogroups Y and W135 represented as a whole a 15.6% as a whole whereas up to the year 2000 during the first 6 years they accounted for it was of 4.7%. Higher diversity in the distribution of serotypes and serosubtypes was observed within serogroup B. The nonsubtypable isolates throughout the period of study represented the 52.8%, this high percentage demonstrates the limited capacity of the serotyping for the determination of meningococcal/meningococcus subtypes. of meningococco.
Assuntos
Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Meningite Meningocócica/microbiologia , Neisseria meningitidis/classificação , Neisseria meningitidis/isolamento & purificação , ArgentinaRESUMO
Haemophilus influenzae es reconocido como un agente patógeno responsable de infecciones localizadas y sistémicas. Se han descrito 6 tipos de polisacáridos capsulares antigénicamente distintos (a, b, c, d, e, y f ) que se pueden identificar por aglutinación en lámina con antisueros específicos. También existen cepas no capsuladas (NC) fenotípicamente no tipificables (NT). La introducción de la vacuna conjugada produjo una marcada disminución de las enfermedades invasivas causadas por H. influenzae tipo b. En este contexto, la tipificación capsular mediante PCR es el método más apropiado para distinguir las cepas no capsuladas de las mutantes b deficientes en cápsula (b-) y detectar la presencia de cepas pertenecientes a otros serotipos que no puedan ser tipificables por aglutinación. Se determinó el genotipo capsular a 38 aislamientos de Haemophilus influenzae no tipificables por aglutinación, derivados al servicio de Bacteriología Clínica del INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán" en el período 2002-2004. El 78,9% de los aislamientos provenían de hemocultivos y la mayor parte de ellos estaban asociados a foco respiratorio. El 100% de los aislamientos fueron identificados como H. influenzae no capsulados mediante la técnica de PCR.
Haemophilus influenzae is recognized as a pathogenic agent responsible of localized and systemic infections. Six antigenically different capsular polysaccharide types have been described (a, b, c, d, e, and f ) which can be identified by slide agglutination with specific antisera. Besides there are non capsulated strains that cannot be typed by slide agglutination. The introduction of the conjugated vaccine produced an important reduction of invasive diseases caused by H. influenzae type b. Capsular typing by PCR is the most appropriated method for distinguishing non capsulated strains from capsule deficient type b mutants (b-) and for detecting strains of other serotypes that cannot be detected by slide agglutination. Capsular genotype was studied in 38 isolates of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae received at INEIANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán" between 2002-2004. Of the isolates included in this study 78.9% of them were recovered from blood cultures and most of them were associated with a respiratory focus. By PCR technique 100% of the isolates were identified as non-capsulate H. influenzae and genotype b-was not detected.
Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Cápsulas Bacterianas/análise , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana/métodos , Infecções por Haemophilus/microbiologia , Haemophilus influenzae/classificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Testes de Aglutinação , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Cápsulas Bacterianas/genética , Cápsulas Bacterianas/imunologia , Líquidos Corporais/microbiologia , DNA Bacteriano/análise , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Haemophilus influenzae/genética , Haemophilus influenzae/imunologia , Haemophilus influenzae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Respiratórias/microbiologiaRESUMO
Haemophilus influenzae is recognized as a pathogenic agent responsible of localized and systemic infections. Six antigenically different capsular polysaccharide types have been described (a, b, c, d, e, and f ) which can be identified by slide agglutination with specific antisera. Besides there are non capsulated strains that cannot be typed by slide agglutination. The introduction of the conjugated vaccine produced an important reduction of invasive diseases caused by H. influenzae type b. Capsular typing by PCR is the most appropriated method for distinguishing non capsulated strains from capsule deficient type b mutants (b-) and for detecting strains of other serotypes that cannot be detected by slide agglutination. Capsular genotype was studied in 38 isolates of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae received at INE-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán" between 2002-2004. Of the isolates included in this study 78.9% of them were recovered from blood cultures and most of them were associated with a respiratory focus. By PCR technique 100% of the isolates were identified as non-capsulate H. influenzae and genotype b-was not detected.
Assuntos
Cápsulas Bacterianas/análise , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana/métodos , Infecções por Haemophilus/microbiologia , Haemophilus influenzae/classificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Testes de Aglutinação , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Cápsulas Bacterianas/genética , Cápsulas Bacterianas/imunologia , Líquidos Corporais/microbiologia , DNA Bacteriano/análise , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Haemophilus influenzae/genética , Haemophilus influenzae/imunologia , Haemophilus influenzae/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Lactente , Infecções Respiratórias/microbiologiaRESUMO
Haemophilus influenzae is recognized as a pathogenic agent responsible of localized and systemic infections. Six antigenically different capsular polysaccharide types have been described (a, b, c, d, e, and f ) which can be identified by slide agglutination with specific antisera. Besides there are non capsulated strains that cannot be typed by slide agglutination. The introduction of the conjugated vaccine produced an important reduction of invasive diseases caused by H. influenzae type b. Capsular typing by PCR is the most appropriated method for distinguishing non capsulated strains from capsule deficient type b mutants (b-) and for detecting strains of other serotypes that cannot be detected by slide agglutination. Capsular genotype was studied in 38 isolates of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae received at INE-ANLIS [quot ]Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán[quot ] between 2002-2004. Of the isolates included in this study 78.9
of them were recovered from blood cultures and most of them were associated with a respiratory focus. By PCR technique 100
of the isolates were identified as non-capsulate H. influenzae and genotype b-was not detected.
RESUMO
PspA is an antigenically variable virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae that inhibits complement deposition and is a potential candidate for human vaccines. Of 64 published strains 96% are in PspA families 1 and 2; optimal protection is family-specific. Effective development of a PspA-containing vaccine requires more information about the PspA family of strains in parts of the world where the vaccine is most needed. In these studies we observed that of 149 isolates (of 19 capsular types) from Argentina, 54.4% were family 1, 41.6% were family 2 and 4.0% expressed both family 1 and family 2 PspAs. Box typing revealed the Argentinian strains to be from at least 10 clonally related groups.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Streptococcus pneumoniae/classificação , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Variação Genética , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Sorotipagem , Streptococcus pneumoniae/genética , Streptococcus pneumoniae/imunologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Since 1993 the Pan American Health Organization has coordinated a surveillance network with the National Reference Laboratories of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Uruguay aimed at monitoring capsular types and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing invasive disease in children <6 years of age. METHODS: The surveillance system included children 6 years of age and younger with invasive disease caused by S. pneumoniae. The identification, capsular typing and susceptibility to penicillin of the isolates were conducted using a common protocol, based on standard methodologies. RESULTS: By June, 1999, 4,105 invasive pneumococcal isolates had been collected mainly from pneumonia (44.1%) and meningitis (41.1%) cases. Thirteen capsular types accounting for 86.1% of the isolates (14, 6A/6B, 5, 1, 23F, 19F, 18C, 19A, 9V, 7F, 3, 9N and 4) remained the most common types during the surveillance period. Diminished susceptibility to penicillin was detected in 28.6% of the isolates, 17.3% with intermediate and 11.3% with high level resistance. Resistance varied among countries and increased during this period in Argentina, Colombia and Uruguay. Serotypes 14 and 23F accounted for 66.6% of the resistance. CONCLUSION: These surveillance data clearly demonstrate the potential impact of the introduction of a conjugate vaccine on pneumococcal disease and the need for more judicious use of antibiotics to slow or reverse the development of antimicrobial resistance.
Assuntos
Resistência às Penicilinas , Penicilinas/administração & dosagem , Infecções Pneumocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Streptococcus pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , México , Penicilinas/uso terapêutico , Vigilância da População , Garantia da Qualidade dos Cuidados de Saúde , Controle de Qualidade , Sorotipagem , América do Sul , Streptococcus pneumoniae/classificaçãoRESUMO
Six Latin-American countries participated in an epidemiological surveillance study conducted by the Pan American Health Organization in order to determine the relative prevalence of capsular types and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae (SPN) causing invasive infections in children <5 years of age. In Argentina, the incidence of penicillin resistance (PR) was 24.4%, and it was significantly associated with serotype 14 (p < 0.001). The chromosomal DNA of 56 of those SPN isolates, 39 PR and 17 susceptible, was digested with SmaI and resolved by PFGE. Eighty-two percent (32/39) of the PR isolates shared characteristics with the widely spread International Spanish/French clone (clone B). All members of clone B except one expressed serotype 14, with the exception of one isolate that expressed serotype 19F and probably resulted from an in vivo capsular transformation event. Only a single isolate shared features with the 23F International Spanish/USA clone (clone A). The 17 penicillin-susceptible (PS) SPN isolates presented an enormous degree of variation in the chromosomal background, expressing 12 serotypes and 13 PFGE patterns. The data suggest that over 80% of the SPN-PR isolates in Argentina were imported, and this confirms the importance of the geographic spread of SPN clones in South America.
Assuntos
Infecções Estreptocócicas/microbiologia , Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Argentina/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Resistência às Penicilinas/genética , Infecções Estreptocócicas/epidemiologia , Streptococcus pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus pneumoniae/genéticaRESUMO
Neisseria meningitidis is a leading cause of adult meningitis worldwide. From 5 to 14 August 1996, 8 cases of meningococcal disease occurred in Corrientes city (population 306,000) in northeastern Argentina. Those infected ranged in age from 15 to 45 years (median, 18.5). To determine risk factors for infection, a case-control study was done. Infecting isolates were serogrouped and underwent phenotyping by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Those infected were significantly more likely than those not infected to have had exposure to passive or active cigarette smoke or to have attended a particular disco. Isolates available from 6 case-patients were all serogroup C; all had identical MLEE and PFGE patterns. These data suggest that dance clubs or discos may be a focus of transmission of N. meningitidis among young people.