RESUMO

Background: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an enteropathogen that commonly causes diarrhea in calves. However, not all E. coli isolates are pathogenic. The aim of this study was to identify E. coli virulence factors derived from fecal samples collected in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul state (RS) from calves with and without diarrhea, as well as investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli isolates from calves with diarrhea.Materials, Methods & Results: Forty stool samples were collected in 12 farms, each one from calves having one day to six months of age, with and without diarrhea. The total DNA of from these isolates was extracted and a PCR using primers specific for the virulence factors Stx1, Eae, F41, F5 and STa was conducted. The susceptibility testing used the disk diffusion method and the susceptibility profile was evaluated against the following antimicrobials: ampicillin, penicillin, chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, trimethoprim, sulfonamide, tetracycline and streptomycin. From all calves, 15 (15/40, 37.5%) had diarrheal stools and 25 (25/40, 62.5%) had normal or semi-liquid stools. Twelve (12/40; 30%) E. coli isolates showed at least one virulence factor. These factors were found in four isolates (4/15; 26.6%) from diarrheal stools and eight isolates (8/25; 28.5%) from normal stool. The Stx1 factor was identified in five isolates (5

RESUMO

Background: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an enteropathogen that commonly causes diarrhea in calves. However, not all E. coli isolates are pathogenic. The aim of this study was to identify E. coli virulence factors derived from fecal samples collected in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul state (RS) from calves with and without diarrhea, as well as investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli isolates from calves with diarrhea.Materials, Methods & Results: Forty stool samples were collected in 12 farms, each one from calves having one day to six months of age, with and without diarrhea. The total DNA of from these isolates was extracted and a PCR using primers specific for the virulence factors Stx1, Eae, F41, F5 and STa was conducted. The susceptibility testing used the disk diffusion method and the susceptibility profile was evaluated against the following antimicrobials: ampicillin, penicillin, chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, trimethoprim, sulfonamide, tetracycline and streptomycin. From all calves, 15 (15/40, 37.5%) had diarrheal stools and 25 (25/40, 62.5%) had normal or semi-liquid stools. Twelve (12/40; 30%) E. coli isolates showed at least one virulence factor. These factors were found in four isolates (4/15; 26.6%) from diarrheal stools and eight isolates (8/25; 28.5%) from normal stool. The Stx1 factor was identified in five isolates (5

RESUMO

Background: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an enteropathogen that commonly causes diarrhea in calves. However, not all E. coli isolates are pathogenic. The aim of this study was to identify E. coli virulence factors derived from fecal samples collected in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul state (RS) from calves with and without diarrhea, as well as investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli isolates from calves with diarrhea.Materials, Methods & Results: Forty stool samples were collected in 12 farms, each one from calves having one day to six months of age, with and without diarrhea. The total DNA of from these isolates was extracted and a PCR using primers specific for the virulence factors Stx1, Eae, F41, F5 and STa was conducted. The susceptibility testing used the disk diffusion method and the susceptibility profile was evaluated against the following antimicrobials: ampicillin, penicillin, chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, trimethoprim, sulfonamide, tetracycline and streptomycin. From all calves, 15 (15/40, 37.5%) had diarrheal stools and 25 (25/40, 62.5%) had normal or semi-liquid stools. Twelve (12/40; 30%) E. coli isolates showed at least one virulence factor. These factors were found in four isolates (4/15; 26.6%) from diarrheal stools and eight isolates (8/25; 28.5%) from normal stool. The Stx1 factor was identified in five isolates (5

RESUMO

Background: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an enteropathogen that commonly causes diarrhea in calves. However, not all E. coli isolates are pathogenic. The aim of this study was to identify E. coli virulence factors derived from fecal samples collected in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul state (RS) from calves with and without diarrhea, as well as investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli isolates from calves with diarrhea.Materials, Methods & Results: Forty stool samples were collected in 12 farms, each one from calves having one day to six months of age, with and without diarrhea. The total DNA of from these isolates was extracted and a PCR using primers specific for the virulence factors Stx1, Eae, F41, F5 and STa was conducted. The susceptibility testing used the disk diffusion method and the susceptibility profile was evaluated against the following antimicrobials: ampicillin, penicillin, chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, trimethoprim, sulfonamide, tetracycline and streptomycin. From all calves, 15 (15/40, 37.5%) had diarrheal stools and 25 (25/40, 62.5%) had normal or semi-liquid stools. Twelve (12/40; 30%) E. coli isolates showed at least one virulence factor. These factors were found in four isolates (4/15; 26.6%) from diarrheal stools and eight isolates (8/25; 28.5%) from normal stool. The Stx1 factor was identified in five isolates (5

RESUMO

Background: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an enteropathogen that commonly causes diarrhea in calves. However, not all E. coli isolates are pathogenic. The aim of this study was to identify E. coli virulence factors derived from fecal samples collected in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul state (RS) from calves with and without diarrhea, as well as investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli isolates from calves with diarrhea.Materials, Methods & Results: Forty stool samples were collected in 12 farms, each one from calves having one day to six months of age, with and without diarrhea. The total DNA of from these isolates was extracted and a PCR using primers specific for the virulence factors Stx1, Eae, F41, F5 and STa was conducted. The susceptibility testing used the disk diffusion method and the susceptibility profile was evaluated against the following antimicrobials: ampicillin, penicillin, chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, trimethoprim, sulfonamide, tetracycline and streptomycin. From all calves, 15 (15/40, 37.5%) had diarrheal stools and 25 (25/40, 62.5%) had normal or semi-liquid stools. Twelve (12/40; 30%) E. coli isolates showed at least one virulence factor. These factors were found in four isolates (4/15; 26.6%) from diarrheal stools and eight isolates (8/25; 28.5%) from normal stool. The Stx1 factor was identified in five isolates (5

RESUMO

Background: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an enteropathogen that commonly causes diarrhea in calves. However, not all E. coli isolates are pathogenic. The aim of this study was to identify E. coli virulence factors derived from fecal samples collected in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul state (RS) from calves with and without diarrhea, as well as investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli isolates from calves with diarrhea.Materials, Methods & Results: Forty stool samples were collected in 12 farms, each one from calves having one day to six months of age, with and without diarrhea. The total DNA of from these isolates was extracted and a PCR using primers specific for the virulence factors Stx1, Eae, F41, F5 and STa was conducted. The susceptibility testing used the disk diffusion method and the susceptibility profile was evaluated against the following antimicrobials: ampicillin, penicillin, chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, trimethoprim, sulfonamide, tetracycline and streptomycin. From all calves, 15 (15/40, 37.5%) had diarrheal stools and 25 (25/40, 62.5%) had normal or semi-liquid stools. Twelve (12/40; 30%) E. coli isolates showed at least one virulence factor. These factors were found in four isolates (4/15; 26.6%) from diarrheal stools and eight isolates (8/25; 28.5%) from normal stool. The Stx1 factor was identified in five isolates (5

RESUMO

This study aimed to relate the egg production with health status, expressed as cecal bacteria contamination, as well as to investigate the effect of total plasma proteins with egg quality of layers fed different diets reformulated to different metabolizable energy levels using an enzyme complex, obtained by solid state fermentation.  A total of  384 26-week old Hisex Brown layers were fed experimental diets during 280 days (10 periods of 28 days each). A total of 4 birds were allocated per cage, in a total of 64 birds/treatment. Treatments consisted in reformulating diets to different metablizable energy levels using an enzyme complex (EC) obtained by  solid state fermentation:   T1 basal diet (control); T2   basal diet  + EC (reformulated to  120 kcal ME/kg); T3 basal diet + EC (reformulated to 90 kcal ME/kg); T4 basal diet + EC (reformulated to 60 kcal ME/kg); T5 basal diet + EC (reformulated to 30 kcal ME/kg) and T6 basal diet + EC ( on top). Egg production, egg weight, Haugh units, albumen weight, total plasma proteins and cecal bacteria count were evaluated.  Egg weight and albumen weight and cecal bacteria count, but not egg production, Haugh units and total plasma proteins,   were adversely affected when the EC was added on top of a diet containing a regular commercial premix. This study indicates that the health status of the gut can be improved by adding the

Objetivou-se relacionar a produção de ovos com o status sanitário das aves, expresso pelo nível de contaminação bacteriana cecal, bem como os níveis plasmáticos de proteínas totais com a qualidade dos ovos de aves que receberam dietas com complexo enzimático (CE) com diferentes níveis de valorização da energia metabolizável. Utilizaram-se 384 poedeiras Hisex Brown por um período de 280 dias, divididos em dez ciclos de 28 dias cada, iniciando-se o experimento quando as aves alcançaram a 26ª semana de idade. Cada gaiola com quatro aves representou uma unidade experimental totalizando 64 aves/tratamento. Os tratamentos consistiram em dietas reformuladas para valorização da energia metabolizável pelo CE: T1 dieta basal (controle); T2 dieta basal + CE (valorizado em 120 kcal EM/kg); T3 dieta basal + CE (valorizado em 90 kcal EM/kg); T4 dieta basal + CE (valorizado em 60 kcal EM/kg); T5 dieta basal + CE (valorizado em 30 kcal EM/kg) e T6 dieta basal + CE (sem valorização energética on top). Avaliaram-se produção de ovos (PDOV), peso dos ovos (POV), unidades Haugh (UH), peso da clara (PC), níveis de proteína plasmática totais (PPTs) e contagem do conteúdo cecal. Observou-se que, quando o CE foi adicionado on top, o POV e o PCL foram menores, assim como houve uma diminuição na carga bacteriana cecal desses animais. Entretanto, a PDOV, UH e as PPTs não sofreram influência

RESUMO

This study aimed to relate the egg production with health status, expressed as cecal bacteria contamination, as well as to investigate the effect of total plasma proteins with egg quality of layers fed different diets reformulated to different metabolizable energy levels using an enzyme complex, obtained by solid state fermentation.  A total of  384 26-week old Hisex Brown layers were fed experimental diets during 280 days (10 periods of 28 days each). A total of 4 birds were allocated per cage, in a total of 64 birds/treatment. Treatments consisted in reformulating diets to different metablizable energy levels using an enzyme complex (EC) obtained by  solid state fermentation:   T1 basal diet (control); T2   basal diet  + EC (reformulated to  120 kcal ME/kg); T3 basal diet + EC (reformulated to 90 kcal ME/kg); T4 basal diet + EC (reformulated to 60 kcal ME/kg); T5 basal diet + EC (reformulated to 30 kcal ME/kg) and T6 basal diet + EC ( on top). Egg production, egg weight, Haugh units, albumen weight, total plasma proteins and cecal bacteria count were evaluated.  Egg weight and albumen weight and cecal bacteria count, but not egg production, Haugh units and total plasma proteins,   were adversely affected when the EC was added on top of a diet containing a regular commercial premix. This study indicates that the health status of the gut can be improved by adding the

Objetivou-se relacionar a produção de ovos com o status sanitário das aves, expresso pelo nível de contaminação bacteriana cecal, bem como os níveis plasmáticos de proteínas totais com a qualidade dos ovos de aves que receberam dietas com complexo enzimático (CE) com diferentes níveis de valorização da energia metabolizável. Utilizaram-se 384 poedeiras Hisex Brown por um período de 280 dias, divididos em dez ciclos de 28 dias cada, iniciando-se o experimento quando as aves alcançaram a 26ª semana de idade. Cada gaiola com quatro aves representou uma unidade experimental totalizando 64 aves/tratamento. Os tratamentos consistiram em dietas reformuladas para valorização da energia metabolizável pelo CE: T1 dieta basal (controle); T2 dieta basal + CE (valorizado em 120 kcal EM/kg); T3 dieta basal + CE (valorizado em 90 kcal EM/kg); T4 dieta basal + CE (valorizado em 60 kcal EM/kg); T5 dieta basal + CE (valorizado em 30 kcal EM/kg) e T6 dieta basal + CE (sem valorização energética on top). Avaliaram-se produção de ovos (PDOV), peso dos ovos (POV), unidades Haugh (UH), peso da clara (PC), níveis de proteína plasmática totais (PPTs) e contagem do conteúdo cecal. Observou-se que, quando o CE foi adicionado on top, o POV e o PCL foram menores, assim como houve uma diminuição na carga bacteriana cecal desses animais. Entretanto, a PDOV, UH e as PPTs não sofreram influência

RESUMO

A round hard lesion measuring 12x11x7cm, with a presumptive diagnosis of lechiguana, was observed in the submandibular region of a cow. Bacteriologic and histologic examinations from biopsies from the lesion were not conclusive. The intradermic test for tuberculosis was negative. The immunodiffusion serologic test to detect antibodies against Pasteurella granulomatis was negative. The animal was killed and necropsied. The submandibular lesion consisted in a hard whitish tissue with yellowish granules measuring up to 3mm scattered within it. A fibrous capsule was surrounding the lesion. Histologically, the lesion was characterized by multifocal piogranulomas with rosetes made up of bacterial colonies in their center, surrounded by Splendore-Hoeppli reaction and neutrophils at the periphery. Epithelioids cells, and fibrous tissue infiltrated by lymphocytes were observed around those lesions. Arcanobacterium pyogenes in pure culture was isolated from samples obtained at necropsy. It is concluded that A. pyogenes could be involved in actinomycotic-like lesion with clinical and pathological aspects similar to lechiguana, tuberculosis and actinobacilosis.

Foi observada em um bovino com suspeita de lechiguana, uma lesão arredondada de consistência dura na região sub-mandibular que media 12x11x7cm. Foram realizadas biópsias cirúrgicas para estudos bacteriológico e histológico, teste de tuberculinização intra-dérmico e coleta de sangue, a fim de realizar o teste de imunodifusão radial para o diagnóstico de lechiguana. Posteriormente, foi realizada eutanásia e necropsia do animal. No resultado das biópsias, não se obteve isolamento bacteriano e o estudo histológico não foi conclusivo. Os testes de tuberculinização e de imunodifusão apresentaram resultado negativo. Na necropsia, constatou-se que a lesão consistia de um nódulo, formado por uma cápsula de tecido conjuntivo envolvendo uma massa esbranquiçada com grânulos amarelados de até 3mm de diâmetro. Através de histologia, constataram-se piogranulomas multifocais, com um infiltrado de neutrófilos circundando rosetas formadas por colônias bacterianas no centro e corpúsculos de Splendore-Hoeppli na periferia; ao redor desse infiltrado purulento observaram-se células epitelióides e tecido fibroso infiltrado por linfócitos. Arcanobacterium pyogenes foi isolado em cultura pura do material obtido na necropsia. Conclui-se que A. pyogenes poderia ter participação na etiologia de granuloma com características clínicas e patológicas semelhantes à lechiguana, tuberculose e actinobacilose.

RESUMO

A round hard lesion measuring 12x11x7cm, with a presumptive diagnosis of lechiguana, was observed in the submandibular region of a cow. Bacteriologic and histologic examinations from biopsies from the lesion were not conclusive. The intradermic test for tuberculosis was negative. The immunodiffusion serologic test to detect antibodies against Pasteurella granulomatis was negative. The animal was killed and necropsied. The submandibular lesion consisted in a hard whitish tissue with yellowish granules measuring up to 3mm scattered within it. A fibrous capsule was surrounding the lesion. Histologically, the lesion was characterized by multifocal piogranulomas with rosetes made up of bacterial colonies in their center, surrounded by Splendore-Hoeppli reaction and neutrophils at the periphery. Epithelioids cells, and fibrous tissue infiltrated by lymphocytes were observed around those lesions. Arcanobacterium pyogenes in pure culture was isolated from samples obtained at necropsy. It is concluded that A. pyogenes could be involved in actinomycotic-like lesion with clinical and pathological aspects similar to lechiguana, tuberculosis and actinobacilosis.

Foi observada em um bovino com suspeita de lechiguana, uma lesão arredondada de consistência dura na região sub-mandibular que media 12x11x7cm. Foram realizadas biópsias cirúrgicas para estudos bacteriológico e histológico, teste de tuberculinização intra-dérmico e coleta de sangue, a fim de realizar o teste de imunodifusão radial para o diagnóstico de lechiguana. Posteriormente, foi realizada eutanásia e necropsia do animal. No resultado das biópsias, não se obteve isolamento bacteriano e o estudo histológico não foi conclusivo. Os testes de tuberculinização e de imunodifusão apresentaram resultado negativo. Na necropsia, constatou-se que a lesão consistia de um nódulo, formado por uma cápsula de tecido conjuntivo envolvendo uma massa esbranquiçada com grânulos amarelados de até 3mm de diâmetro. Através de histologia, constataram-se piogranulomas multifocais, com um infiltrado de neutrófilos circundando rosetas formadas por colônias bacterianas no centro e corpúsculos de Splendore-Hoeppli na periferia; ao redor desse infiltrado purulento observaram-se células epitelióides e tecido fibroso infiltrado por linfócitos. Arcanobacterium pyogenes foi isolado em cultura pura do material obtido na necropsia. Conclui-se que A. pyogenes poderia ter participação na etiologia de granuloma com características clínicas e patológicas semelhantes à lechiguana, tuberculose e actinobacilose.