RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Excessive gestational weight gain is associated with several adverse events and pathologies during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an exercise program throughout pregnancy on maternal weight gain and prevalence of gestational diabetes. METHOD: A randomized controlled trial was designed that included an exercise intervention group (EG) and standard care control group (CG). The exercise intervention included moderate aerobic exercise performed three days per week (50-55minutes per session) for 8-10 weeks to 38-39 weeks gestation. RESULTS: 594 pregnant women were assessed for eligibility and 456 were included (EG n=234; CG n=222). The results showed a higher percentage of pregnant women gained excessive weight in the CG than in the EG (30.2% vs 20.5% respectively; odds ratio, 0.597; 95% confidence interval, 0.389-0.916; p=0.018). Similarly, the prevalence of gestational diabetes was significantly higher in the CG than the EG (6.8% vs 2.6% respectively; odds ratio, 0.363; 95% confidence interval, 0.138-0.953; p=0.033). CONCLUSION: The results of this trial indicate that exercise throughout pregnancy can reduce the risk of excessive maternal weight gain and gestational diabetes.
Assuntos
Diabetes Gestacional/metabolismo , Exercício Físico , Aumento de Peso/fisiologia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , GravidezRESUMO
PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of a supervised and regular program of aquatic activities throughout gestation on maternal weight gain and birth weight. DESIGN: A randomized clinical trial. SETTING: Instituto de Obstetricia, Ginecología y Fertilidad Ghisoni (Buenos Aires, Argentina). PARTICIPANTS: One hundred eleven pregnant women were analyzed (31.6 ± 3.8 years). All women had uncomplicated and singleton pregnancies; 49 were allocated to the exercise group (EG) and 62 to the control group (CG). INTERVENTION: The intervention program consisted of 3 weekly sessions of aerobic and resistance aquatic activities from weeks 10 to 12 until weeks 38 to 39 of gestation. MEASURES: Maternal weight gain, birth weight, and other maternal and fetal outcomes were obtained by hospital records. ANALYSIS: Student unpaired t test and χ2 test were used; P values ≤.05 indicated statistical significance. Cohen's d was used to determinate the effect size. RESULTS: There was a higher percentage of women with excessive maternal weight gain in the CG (45.2%; n = 28) than in the EG (24.5%; n = 12; odds ratio = 0.39; 95% confidence interval: 0.17-0.89; P = .02). Birth weight and other pregnancy outcomes showed no differences between groups. CONCLUSION: Three weekly sessions of water activities throughout pregnancy prevents excessive maternal weight gain and preserves birth weight. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The clinicaltrial.gov identifier: NCT 02602106.