RESUMO
The effects of three egg-turning regimes during the pre-incubation storage period on egg weight loss, hatchability, embryonic mortality, chick weight at hatching and incubation length of red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa) compared with unturned eggs were investigated. Two hundred eggs were allocated to four 50-egg batches stored at 15ºC and 80% RH that being turned one, four and 24 times a day or remaining unturned, respectively. Eggs were incubated at 37.8ºC and 55% RH during the first 21 days and at 37.5ºC and 75% RH until hatching. Fertility was 70.5% and a good hatchability performance was obtained, characterised by 81.6% hatchability of fertile eggs, and weight losses of 0.78% during storage and of 10.04% during the first 21 days of incubation, 13.6 ±0.1 g hatchling weight, and incubation length of 23.45 ± 0.07 days (mean ± SEM). Hatchability, embryonic mortality developmental stage, egg weight loss during storage and incubation, hatchling weight and length of the incubation period were not affected by the turning frequency or the absence of turning during storage. Higher hatching synchrony was observed for eggs turned four times a day compared with unturned eggs and eggs turned once a day. In conclusion, turning red-legged partridge eggs during medium-term storage periods does not improve egg viability compared with unturned eggs.
Assuntos
Animais , Galliformes/embriologia , Incubadoras/veterinária , Ovos/análiseRESUMO
The effects of three egg-turning regimes during the pre-incubation storage period on egg weight loss, hatchability, embryonic mortality, chick weight at hatching and incubation length of red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa) compared with unturned eggs were investigated. Two hundred eggs were allocated to four 50-egg batches stored at 15ºC and 80% RH that being turned one, four and 24 times a day or remaining unturned, respectively. Eggs were incubated at 37.8ºC and 55% RH during the first 21 days and at 37.5ºC and 75% RH until hatching. Fertility was 70.5% and a good hatchability performance was obtained, characterised by 81.6% hatchability of fertile eggs, and weight losses of 0.78% during storage and of 10.04% during the first 21 days of incubation, 13.6 ±0.1 g hatchling weight, and incubation length of 23.45 ± 0.07 days (mean ± SEM). Hatchability, embryonic mortality developmental stage, egg weight loss during storage and incubation, hatchling weight and length of the incubation period were not affected by the turning frequency or the absence of turning during storage. Higher hatching synchrony was observed for eggs turned four times a day compared with unturned eggs and eggs turned once a day. In conclusion, turning red-legged partridge eggs during medium-term storage periods does not improve egg viability compared with unturned eggs.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Galliformes/embriologia , Incubadoras/veterinária , Ovos/análiseRESUMO
Amaranthus dubius is an alternative source of fibre and protein for the feed formulation for growing rabbits, although its effects on their health status are yet unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of three dietary levels (0, 160 and 320 g/kg) of A. dubius on haematological, serum biochemical and histopathological parameters of fattening rabbits. One hundred and thirteen New Zealand White rabbits were fed ad libitum from weaning (35 days) to slaughter (87 days). The health status of the animals was monitored, and mortality was recorded. Before slaughtering, 30 rabbits were randomly selected for haematological and serum biochemical analysis. During slaughter, 18 rabbits were randomly selected for histopathological study in heart, liver, lung and small intestine. The health status of rabbits was good, with no differences among treatments in mortality. Diet and sex did not affect the values of most haematological and serum biochemical parameters. Fibrinogen, glucose and high-density lipoprotein values increased significantly from 0 to 320 g/kg A. dubius diets. The white blood cell count and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase values decreased significantly from 0 to 320 g/kg A. dubius diets. The organs showed histologically well-structured tissues. However, in all experimental groups several samples with lesions were observed, always highly focalized in small tissue areas. The main lesions observed, probably related to conditions of thermal stress affecting the rabbits, were cholesterolosis (heart), steatosis (liver), inflammatory lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate (lung) and chronic inflammatory tissue damage (small intestine). In conclusion, the inclusion of up to 320 g/kg A. dubius in diet did not jeopardize the health status of growing rabbits. Therefore, A. dubius can become an alternative raw material for the formulation of feeds in tropical and subtropical countries where this plant is widespread.
Assuntos
Ração Animal/análise , Dieta/veterinária , Coelhos/sangue , Coelhos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Amaranthus , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais , Feminino , Intestino Delgado/patologia , Fígado/patologia , Pulmão/patologia , Masculino , MiocárdioRESUMO
This study aimed at investigating the effects of three incubation temperatures during the hatching period on egg weight loss, hatchability, chick weight at hatching and length of the incubation period of red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa) under artificial incubation. One hundred and fifty eggs obtained from a red-legged partridge game farm were randomly allocated to three batches of 50 eggs each. Eggs were incubated at 37.8ºC during the first 20 days, and subsequently at 37.0, 37.4 or 37.8ºC until hatching. Fertility was 74.7% and a good hatching performance was obtained, characterized by 85.7% hatchability, 9.1% egg weight loss after 20 days of incubation, 13.8±0.1 g chick weight at hatching, and 23.2±0.1 days incubation length. Hatchability, egg weight loss after 20 days of incubation, and length of the incubation period were not affected by incubation temperature during the hatching period. However, hatching synchrony improved when the incubation temperature was increased from 37.0 to 37.8°C (p 0.05). Thus, hatching distribution became very leptokurtic and very positively skewed with the increase in incubation temperature during the hatching phase. In conclusion, higher hatching synchrony can be achieved in A. rufa when setting temperatures within the range 37.0 to 37.8ºC to incubate eggs during the hatching period. Consequently, incubation temperature management during the hatching phase may have a direct impact on hatching synchrony and hatchling management.
Assuntos
Animais , Galliformes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Galliformes/embriologia , Óvulo/fisiologiaRESUMO
This study aimed at investigating the effects of three incubation temperatures during the hatching period on egg weight loss, hatchability, chick weight at hatching and length of the incubation period of red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa) under artificial incubation. One hundred and fifty eggs obtained from a red-legged partridge game farm were randomly allocated to three batches of 50 eggs each. Eggs were incubated at 37.8ºC during the first 20 days, and subsequently at 37.0, 37.4 or 37.8ºC until hatching. Fertility was 74.7% and a good hatching performance was obtained, characterized by 85.7% hatchability, 9.1% egg weight loss after 20 days of incubation, 13.8±0.1 g chick weight at hatching, and 23.2±0.1 days incubation length. Hatchability, egg weight loss after 20 days of incubation, and length of the incubation period were not affected by incubation temperature during the hatching period. However, hatching synchrony improved when the incubation temperature was increased from 37.0 to 37.8°C (p 0.05). Thus, hatching distribution became very leptokurtic and very positively skewed with the increase in incubation temperature during the hatching phase. In conclusion, higher hatching synchrony can be achieved in A. rufa when setting temperatures within the range 37.0 to 37.8ºC to incubate eggs during the hatching period. Consequently, incubation temperature management during the hatching phase may have a direct impact on hatching synchrony and hatchling management.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Óvulo/fisiologia , Galliformes/embriologia , Galliformes/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Estudou-se a incidência de lesões nas patas traseiras de láparos de coelhos selvagens (Oryctolagus cuniculus) criados em cativeiro, causadas por inadequação do piso das gaiolas, nomeadamente a dimensão dos orifícios. Propõem-se pisos com dimensões mais adequadas. As gaiolas tinham piso de plástico com orifícios de 12×35mm separados em 18mm. Dos 96 láparos estudados, 12 (12,5%) sofreram traumatismos causados pela introdução das patas traseiras nos orifícios do piso, e sete deles (58,3%) morreram. Considerando que o diâmetro das fezes do coelho selvagem é cerca de 60% menor que o das fezes do coelho doméstico de corte, é possível reduzir em 8mm a separação entre os orifícios do piso das gaiolas. Como alternativa, o piso poderá ser constituído por orifícios circulares de 10mm de diâmetro, o que eliminaria os acidentes causados pela inadequação do piso, melhorando também o bem-estar animal.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Membro Posterior/lesões , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Coelhos/lesões , Bem-Estar do AnimalRESUMO
Estudou-se a incidência de lesões nas patas traseiras de láparos de coelhos selvagens (Oryctolagus cuniculus) criados em cativeiro, causadas por inadequação do piso das gaiolas, nomeadamente a dimensão dos orifícios. Propõem-se pisos com dimensões mais adequadas. As gaiolas tinham piso de plástico com orifícios de 12×35mm separados em 18mm. Dos 96 láparos estudados, 12 (12,5%) sofreram traumatismos causados pela introdução das patas traseiras nos orifícios do piso, e sete deles (58,3%) morreram. Considerando que o diâmetro das fezes do coelho selvagem é cerca de 60% menor que o das fezes do coelho doméstico de corte, é possível reduzir em 8mm a separação entre os orifícios do piso das gaiolas. Como alternativa, o piso poderá ser constituído por orifícios circulares de 10mm de diâmetro, o que eliminaria os acidentes causados pela inadequação do piso, melhorando também o bem-estar animal.
Assuntos
Animais , Coelhos/lesões , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Membro Posterior/lesões , Bem-Estar do AnimalRESUMO
Amostras fecais de coelhos foram examinadas pela técnica de flutuação para a presença e contagem de oocistos do gênero Eimeria, de acordo com a técnica McMaster, em uma investigação com o objetivo de comparar um sistema alternativo não medicamentoso de criação de coelhos e sistemas convencionais com diferentes níveis de controle higiênico. A presença de oocistos nas diferentes explorações foi baixa, mas muito variável. As maiores concentrações de oocistos foram encontradas nas explorações cujas condições higiênicas não foram boas, independentemente do tratamento ou não com anticoccidiano, ou do sistema de criação. Os melhores resultados foram observados no sistema alternativo com boas condições higiênicas. Neste sistema, a concentração de oocistos nos láparos desmamados, que deveriam apresentar máxima susceptibilidade à infecção por Eimeria, foi muito baixa. Estes resultados indicam que o estrito respeito às condições higiênicas é suficiente para o controle da coccidiose e que a profilaxia farmacológica poderia ser evitada sempre que fossem adotadas altas condições higiênicas so sistema criatório ao ar livre, baseado em células subterrâneas exploráveis (tocas).
Assuntos
Animais , Coccídios/isolamento & purificação , Coccidiose/epidemiologia , CoelhosRESUMO
Amostras fecais de coelhos foram examinadas pela técnica de flutuação para a presença e contagem de oocistos do gênero Eimeria, de acordo com a técnica McMaster, em uma investigação com o objetivo de comparar um sistema alternativo não medicamentoso de criação de coelhos e sistemas convencionais com diferentes níveis de controle higiênico. A presença de oocistos nas diferentes explorações foi baixa, mas muito variável. As maiores concentrações de oocistos foram encontradas nas explorações cujas condições higiênicas não foram boas, independentemente do tratamento ou não com anticoccidiano, ou do sistema de criação. Os melhores resultados foram observados no sistema alternativo com boas condições higiênicas. Neste sistema, a concentração de oocistos nos láparos desmamados, que deveriam apresentar máxima susceptibilidade à infecção por Eimeria, foi muito baixa. Estes resultados indicam que o estrito respeito às condições higiênicas é suficiente para o controle da coccidiose e que a profilaxia farmacológica poderia ser evitada sempre que fossem adotadas altas condições higiênicas so sistema criatório ao ar livre, baseado em células subterrâneas exploráveis (tocas).(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Coccidiose/epidemiologia , Coccídios/isolamento & purificação , CoelhosRESUMO
We examined the participation of MAPK and PKA in the Golgi complex disassembly caused by light-activated Calphostin C in HT-29 cells. When these cells were incubated with Calphostin C, fragmentation and dispersal of the Golgi complex was observed as assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Electron microscopy analysis showed that clusters of vesicles and large tubule-vesicular membrane structures, resembling the Golgi remnants present in mitotic cells, substituted the Golgi stacks. In addition, Calphostin C treatment caused inhibition of the endocytic route. We confirmed that the Golgi disassembly was not due to PKC inhibition, and suggested, based on the use of specific inhibitors, that other kinases are involved. It was shown that pretreatment with PD98059 and H-89, both inhibitors of MAPK and PKA, respectively, prior to incubation with Calphostin C, caused blockade of the Golgi disassembly, as well as the inhibition of the endocytic pathway caused by this drug. This finding supports the existence of a novel mechanism by which MAPK and PKA may regulate the Golgi breakdown caused by Calphostin C in HT-29 cells.
Assuntos
Proteínas Quinases Dependentes de AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Complexo de Golgi/metabolismo , Complexo de Golgi/efeitos da radiação , Luz , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Naftalenos/farmacologia , Naftalenos/efeitos da radiação , Endocitose/efeitos dos fármacos , Endocitose/efeitos da radiação , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Imunofluorescência , Complexo de Golgi/efeitos dos fármacos , Complexo de Golgi/ultraestrutura , Células HT29 , Peroxidase do Rábano Silvestre/metabolismo , Humanos , Isoquinolinas/farmacologia , Naftalenos/química , Estaurosporina/farmacologia , Sulfonamidas/farmacologiaRESUMO
Traditional sclerotherapy with liquid sclerosants has been used for many years in the treatment of venous, lymphatic and low flow vascular malformations; it is efficient only with those vascular malformations of reduced size as a pre or post-operational complement. The use of liquid sclerosants has the limitations of their dilution and progressive inactivation in a great haematic volume, the irregular distribution of the sclerosant on the endothelium, the handling of the sclerosant once injected and its imperceptibility to the echo-Doppler. In their turn, both ethanol and sodium morrhuate - the most habitually employed sclerosants - produce important secondary effects. On the contrary, the use of sclerosants, specifically polidocanol in microfoam form, significantly improves the procedure, since the microfoam displaces the blood instead of mixing and diluting itself in it, thus facilitating an homogeneous distribution of the sclerosant over the endothelial surface. Finally, the echogenicity of the microbubbles, which makes them directly visible, together with their manageable consistency, means that it can be distributed more easily throughout the treated area. We comment on our experience with 50 patients with venous or low flow vascular malformations, treated with this new form of sclerosant. Similarly, the use of OK-432 (picibanil) - as the recommended sclerosant treatment in lymphatic vascular, especially macrocystic, malformations - is reviewed and its protocol given.
Assuntos
Vasos Sanguíneos/anormalidades , Escleroterapia , Humanos , Sistema Linfático/anormalidades , Picibanil/uso terapêutico , Soluções Esclerosantes/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
We describe morphologic and biochemical changes in the colonic epithelial HCT-116 cell line following depletion of glucose from the culture medium. Cultured cells under permissive differentiation conditions (inosine-supplemented glucose-free medium) exhibited, after confluence, an enterocytic differentiation, in contrast to cells grown under standard culture conditions, where they remain in an undifferentiated state. The differentiated phenotype was characterized by the presence of a monolayer of polarized cells displaying an apical tight junction, and by the presence of alkaline phosphatase, a well known brush border marker. We demonstrated that the formed tight junctions were functional using the following criteria: a) labeling of the junctions with antibodies recognizing the tight juntion proteins occludin and ZO-1, as observed by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting analysis; b) characteristic organization of the tight junction strands, as observed in freeze-fracture replicas; c) increase ofthe transepithelial resistance across the monolayer; d) not permeation of the ruthenium red stain across the tight junction, and e) presence of the hyperphosphorylated form of occludin.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Neoplasias do Colo/metabolismo , Glucose/deficiência , Junções Íntimas/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/ultraestrutura , Neoplasias do Colo/ultraestrutura , Humanos , Microscopia Eletrônica , Junções Íntimas/ultraestruturaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the clinical characteristics, risk factors, indications and post-intervention complications of patients with multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD) submitted to either percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and/or stent placement versus isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). BACKGROUND: Several studies have examined the relative safety and outcome of patients submitted to those interventional procedures compared to CABG. Limited information is available regarding that subject in Puerto Rico. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of the clinical, angiographic, operative, interventional, post-operative and post-interventional data of patients submitted to those procedures in our institution from January 1998 to August 1998. There were 53 patients in the interventional group and 206 patients in the CAGB group. Comparison of quantitative variables by procedure was based on Student t test or Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test; categorical variables were compared using Pearson's chi-square or Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in age, body surface area, or cardiac risk factors. The most common pre-existing cardiovascular diagnosis was unstable angina. Three-vessel disease was the most common angiographic finding among CABG patients (61.7%). Two-vessel disease without left anterior descending coronary artery obstruction was significantly more common in the PTCA/Stent patients (58.5%). The vast majority (97.6%) of patients in the PTCA/Stent group and 52.4% of the CABG group had two-vessel intervention. A significantly higher frequency of complications occurred in the CABG group. However, the incidence of major complications, in both groups was not statistically different. Atrial arrhythmias were significantly more frequent in the CABG group. CONCLUSION: A larger prospective study should be conducted in order to corroborate these preliminary findings and seek effective solution to any identifiable problem.