RESUMO
AIMS: The study was aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity and efficacy of chestnut and quebracho wood extracts against Salmonella by in vitro assays and in vivo trials. METHODS AND RESULTS: The extracts showed inhibitory activity against Salmonella determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration method as well as on the adhesion and invasion of S. Gallinarum (SG) and S. Enteritidis (SE) in Caco-2 cells. Also, transmission electron microscopy revealed that extract-treated Salmonella showed disruption of cell walls and membranes, damage of the cytoplasm and tannin-protein aggregations. In addition, efficacy of the extracts to control SG and SE was evaluated in experimental infection trials in laying hens and broilers respectively. SE excretion was significantly reduced on days 5 (P < 0·01) and 12 (P < 0·025) only in the quebracho group. In the fowl typhoid infection model, hens that received the chestnut extract showed a significantly reduced mortality (P < 0·05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results evidence that these alternative natural products may be a useful tool to control Salmonella in poultry. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Salmonella is a zoonotic pathogen usually associated with poultry production. This study provides information about the mechanism of antibacterial effects of chestnut and quebracho wood extracts to control Salmonella in poultry.
Assuntos
Galinhas/microbiologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Salmonelose Animal/prevenção & controle , Salmonella/efeitos dos fármacos , Taninos/farmacologia , Animais , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Membrana Externa Bacteriana/efeitos dos fármacos , Células CACO-2 , Parede Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Extratos Vegetais/química , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/microbiologia , Madeira/químicaRESUMO
Clostridium perfringens type E is considered a rare toxinotype and an infrequent cause of enterotoxemia of lambs, calves, and rabbits. Until now, only cases of young animal of C. perfringens type E bovine enterotoxemia, characterized by hemorrhagic enteritis and sudden death, have been reported. The present report details the genotypic characterization of C. perfringens type E isolates obtained from intestinal samples of adult cattle during an outbreak of enterotoxemia in Argentina. The sequences of several housekeeping genes of these isolates were analyzed and compared with those obtained from calves in North America showing a clonal unique lineage.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Infecções por Clostridium/veterinária , Clostridium perfringens/genética , Clostridium perfringens/isolamento & purificação , Morte Súbita/veterinária , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Enterotoxemia/epidemiologia , Animais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Infecções por Clostridium/epidemiologia , Infecções por Clostridium/microbiologia , Clostridium perfringens/classificação , Clostridium perfringens/patogenicidade , Morte Súbita/epidemiologia , Morte Súbita/etiologia , Enterotoxemia/microbiologia , Genótipo , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus/métodos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Síndrome , Fatores de Virulência/genéticaRESUMO
The study was designed to know the effect of oral vitamin K (VK) treatment, on clotting factors II-VII-IX-X and the protein induced by VK absence from factor II (PIVCA II) on full term infants. Seventy healthy newborns were studied and each was randomly placed in one of two groups: Group A, newborns that received human milk and milk formula (mixed feeding)and group B, newborns that were exclusively breast fed. These groups were also divided in two subgroups: I received 2mg of VK1 orally and II (control) did not receive VK. Clotting activity of the coagulation factors and PIVCA II was determined from blood plasma obtained immediately after birth and 48 hours after VK administration. Basal activity of the factors analyzed was similar in all groups with values ranging from 25% to 40%. After 48 hours a significant increase in all factors studied and a decrease of PIVKA II was observed in those children who received oral VK. The results suggest that oral VK effectively increases VK dependent factors and prevents the risk of hemorrhagic disease in the newborn, with the advantage of being less traumatic and less risky to the infant than intramuscular VK.
Assuntos
Fator VII/análise , Fator X/análise , Protrombina/análise , Vitamina K/farmacologia , Humanos , Recém-NascidoRESUMO
En el presente trabajo, se estudió el efecto de la administración de Vitamina K (VK) a 70 recién nacidos sanos, a fin conocer el efecto de la administración de esta vitamina por vía oral, sobre los factores II, VII, IX y X. Para determinar la actividad plasmática de los factores en estudio y de la Proteína Inducida por Ausencia de VK del factor II (PIVKA II), se extrajeron muestras de sangre venosa en los neonatos, previa a la administración de VK al momento de nacer y después de 48 horas. La población se distribuyó al azar en dos grupos: A: Alimentados con leche materna y maternizada (alimentación mixta) y B: alimentados con leche materna exclusivamente. De VKI por vía oral y II (control), no recibió VK. La actividad basal de los factores analizados fue similar en todos los grupos, con valores que variaron entre 25 por ciento y 40 por ciento; después de 48 horas se observó un aumento significativo en todos los factores estudiados con disminución de PIVKA II, en los niños que recibieron VK por vía oral o a través de la leche maternizada. Los resultados sugieren que la administración de VK por vía oral es efectiva, puesto que produce un aumento adecuado de los factores dependientes de esta vitamina, para evitar el riesgo de Enfermedad Hemorrágica del Recién Nacido, con la ventaja de ser menos traumática y riesgosa para el niño que la administración intramuscular