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We evaluated the effects of supplementing yeast mannan-reach-fraction on growth performance, jejunal morphology and lymphoid tissue characteristics in weaned piglets challenged with E. Coli F4. A total of 20 crossbred piglets were used. At weaning, piglets were assigned at random to one of four groups: piglets challenged and fed the basal diet supplemented with yeast mannan-rich fraction (C-MRF, n = 5); piglets challenged and fed the basal diet (C-BD, n = 5); piglets not challenged and fed the basal diet supplemented with yeast mannan-rich fraction (NC-MRF, n = 5), and piglets not challenged and fed the basal diet (NC-BD). Each dietary treatment had five replicates. On days 4, 5 and 10, piglets were orally challenged with 108 CFU/mL of E. Coli F4. C-MRF piglets had higher BW (p = 0.002; interactive effect) than C-BD piglets. C-MRF piglets had higher (p = 0.02; interactive effect) ADG in comparison with C-BD piglets. C-MRF piglets had higher (p = 0.04; interactive effect) ADFI than C-BD piglets. The diameter of lymphoid follicles was larger (p = 0.010; interactive effect) in the tonsils of C-MRF piglets than C-BD piglets. Lymphoid cells proliferation was greater in the mesenteric lymphnodes and ileum (p = 0.04 and p = 0.03, respectively) of C-MRF piglets. A reduction (p > 0.05) in E. Coli adherence in the ileum of piglets fed MRF was observed. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrate that dietary yeast mannan-rich fraction supplementation was effective in protecting weaned piglets against E. Coli F4 challenge.

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Halicephalobus gingivalis is a free-living nematode that occasionally causes infections in horses. We report a rare case of limb fracture of horse caused by infection with H. gingivalis. An 8-year-old mare was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Lavras with claudication grade 5 of the right hind limb, that had been started 3 months ago. The patient had aseptic arthritis in the tarsal joint and edema that extended to the quartile. The radiographic examination showed punctate osteolysis with exacerbation of bone trabeculation along the calcaneus, talus, proximal epiphysis of the third metatarsal and distal epiphysis of the tibia. Treatment for arthritis was initiated, and the animal showed a slight improvement in limb function. However, 21 days after hospitalization, due to a comminuted fracture of the tibia, it was euthanized. At necropsy, yellowish masses were found from the metatarsal to the tibia, and around the tarsal bones and joint. Similar masses were also found in the left kidney. Numerous nematodes compatible with H. gingivalis were identified. This is the first description of a pathological fracture caused by H. gingivalis infection in an equine limb.

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Background: The tumor microenvironment is an important target of studies in different types of neoplasms. Understanding the role of general components such as immune, vascular and fibroblastic cells has the objective of contributing to prognosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between mast cells and angiogenesis in benign and malignant mammary neoplasms by investigating the role of degranulation and microlocation of mast cells and neoformed vessels in canine mammary neoplasms. Materials, Methods & Results: Mammary glands (n = 122) from 50 female dogs submitted to mastectomy without chemotherapy were evaluated and categorized into 3 groups: control group (n = 46); malignant group (n = 57) and benign group (n = 19). Lymph nodes without changes (n = 59) and with metastases (n = 6) were also evaluated. To evaluate the MCD (mast cell density) and angiogenesis, Toluidine Blue (0.1%) and Gomoris Trichrome techniques were performed and adapted from previous studies. Photomicrographs of 10 hotspot areas on a 40x objective lens of the mammary glands and lymph nodes were captured to assess MCD and angiogenesis. In the absence of these areas, random fields were captured. For the mammary glands of the malignant and benign groups, 20 fields were analyzed, as the analysis considered the microlocation (peritumoral and intratumoral). Counting was performed manually using ImageJ software version 1.42q by 2 observers. The statistical analysis were performed using SPSS software version 19.0. The most frequent histological type in the malignant group was carcinoma in mixed tumor (68.42%; 39/57) and in the benign group was benign mixed tumor (57.89%; 11/19). Female dogs without breed pattern were more frequently affected represented 70% of the animals and the mean age was 9 years and 8 months ± 3 years and 1 month...(AU)

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Background: Esophageal neoplasms are rarely reported in cats. The frequency rate is less than 0.5% and those neoplasms are usually malignant. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is an idiopathic epithelial neoplasm, invasive and metastatic that can induce partial or complete obstruction of the esophageal lumen. There is no breed or sex predisposition, and it is more common in cats over 8-years-old. Esophageal SCC is more frequent in the middle third of the esophagus. The prognosis is poor, as the cats are usually diagnosed at an advanced stage. This report aims to describe clinical, endoscopic, radiographic, and pathological features of two cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in cats. Cases: A 11-year-old neutered male cat presenting regurgitation, weight loss, anorexia and dyspnea was referred to veterinary internal medicine care. Simple and contrast-enhanced radiographic images of the cervical and thoracic regions showed an alveolar pattern in the cranial lung lobes and signs of esophageal lumen irregularity and dilatation in the mediastinum topography. The upper digestive endoscopy showed a dilated esophageal lumen, and an irregular mass was observed in the thoracic esophagus involving the entire esophageal circumference. Biopsy fragments were collected, and the histopathological result was compatible with squamous cell carcinoma. The second case was a 10-year-old neutered male cat presenting hyporexia, regurgitation, dyspnea, tachypnea, and abnormal breath sounds. The ultrasound of the chest showed 3 amorphous hypoechogenic and heterogeneous areas in the right and left hemithorax between parietal and visceral pleura. The cytological examination was compatible with a malignant epithelial tumor. The patient died 3 months after the onset of clinical signs. At gross exam, it was observed a friable, irregular, and ulcerated mass of 5.0 x 3.0 cm in the middle third of the esophagus...

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Background: Sarcoids are the most frequent skin tumors among horses, causing serious lesions due to their different shapes, sizes, degree of invasiveness and distribution on the body. The pathogenesis of sarcoids is multifactorial, with genetic, viral and environmental involvement, making their treatment complex. The aggressiveness and high rate of recurrence of sarcoids makes it difficult to use an effective treatment, which is why there are several therapeutic routes described in the literature. Aiming to describe and expand sarcoid treatments, this paper reports on the use of acyclovir in the treatment of this type of tumor. Cases: Four horses sent to the Large Animal Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Lavras - UFLA were diagnosed and treated for sarcoids. Case 1. Lesions on the right ear, region of the masseter muscle of the right side of the face, neck, vulva and medial aspect of the left pelvic limb. Case 2. Lesion in the left groin region. Case 3. Lesions on the face, masseter muscle region on the left side, mandibular region and right ear pinna. Case 4. Lesion in the lateral region of the left pelvic limb, close to the tarsometatarsal joint. All horses had a diagnosis of sarcoid, which was confirmed by histopathological examination of material collected after surgical excision. Macroscopically, the neoplastic lesions were classified as fibroblastic, verrucous and nodular. The tumors exhibited irregular surfaces, keratinization, and a firm consistency. Their surfaces were alopecic, slightly rough, some of them were ulcerated, and their color ranged from greyish to rosy and reddish. All the tumor masses were surgically excised from the 4 horses, and one sarcoid was treated by thermal cauterization with liquid nitrogen due to the lesion's depth and size. In most cases, the sarcoid removal sites were closed with sutures. Only 2 lesions were not sutured due to the impossibility of bringing the edges of tissue close together, or due to proximity to the tarsometatarsal joint. The surgical wounds were cleaned twice a day with sterile saline solution followed by the topical application of Acyclovir. One of the animals received complementary therapy with Cimetidine. Discussion: The equines recovered completely from their sarcoid treatment, and no recurrences were reported a year later. Thus, the combination of treatments employed for the extirpation of sarcoids proved to have greater chances of success. First, all the tumors were surgically removed with the largest possible margins of safety in order to ensure the elimination of neoplastic cells. In the postoperative period, all the animals received topical treatment of the lesions with acyclovir after surgical resection of the tumors. The drug aided the complete healing of post-surgical wounds, and healing time varied according to the size and depth of the lesion. One tumor was treated with liquid nitrogen after surgical excision of the sarcoid. Another horse was treated with cimetidine over a 3-month period after surgical excision of the neoplasm in order to reduce the sarcoid and prevent its evolution. Surgical excision of the sarcoid associated with topical application of acyclovir ointment showed satisfactory results. Moreover, the combination of surgical excision and administration of liquid nitrogen on the lesion and topical application of acyclovir ointment in the postoperative period also provided good results. Given the complexity of sarcoid treatment and the high recurrence rate of these tumors, the use of combined treatments should be taken into account.

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Background: Blue tongue (BT) is a noncontagious viral disease transmitted by hematophagous arthropods, especially of the genus Culicoides. The economic impact of the disease is related not only to deaths in sheep herds but also to the possible correlation of virus infection with the development of other diseases, such as pneumonia, abortion and movement problems. The economic losses caused by Blue Tongue are linked to restrictions on the import and export of animals and their genetic material and to the reproductive disorders associated with this disease. In addition, the fact that cattle take the role of reservoir, combined with the care by other countries with outbreaks of infection and biological contamination of their products, hinders trade in Mercosul, United States and Europe. Cattle are affected by Blue Tongue Virus in endemic areas and in some epidemic areas, but the development of clinical disease is rare. The clinical signs, when evident, range from reproductive losses, such as embryonic death, abortion, fetal malformation, temporary sterility, infertility in bulls, stillbirths and the birth of weak animals. The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological aspects of Blue Tongue Virus (BTV) infection in dairy cattle in the Lavras region, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Materials, Methods & Results: A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of cattle and herds seropositive for Blue Tongue in the southern region of Minas Gerais. In this study, 54 dairy farms were visited. A total of 586 serum samples were collected from cows of reproductive age. Sampling was random, and serum samples were collected from lactating cows over 24 months of age by puncture of the jugular vein and/or coccidian vein. The samples were transported and stored at the Setor de Patologia Veterinária, at the Universidade Federal de Lavras (SPV-UFLA), where they were centrifuged, and the serum aliquots were obtained, transferred to microtubes and kept at -20°C until the serological tests were performed. The samples were tested with the agarose gel immunodiffusion test (AGID) for anti-blue tongue virus antibodies. The AGID test is more practical and is the main method used to identify Blue Tongue Virus seroprevalence in different ruminant species. They are considered important tools for epidemiological surveillance of the disease. A prevalence of 83.28% was observed among animals that were seropositive for Blue Tongue Virus (488/586; IC 95% = 80.0 - 86.21). In addition, 100% (54/54; IC 95% = 93.4 - 100.0) of the farms had at least 1 positive animal, with rates ranging from 45.45% to 100% within the herds and where 22.22% of the farms had rates of 100% of the animals being positive. Discussion: Blue Tongue is a disease known to affect domestic and wild ruminants in Brazil. However, there is a lack of more precise information about its epidemiology and occurrence in the country and of joint efforts of researchers, producers and the government to understand in detail both the biology of vectors and the viral biology of Blue Tongue Virus in Brazil. This is the first record of detection of anti-blue tongue virus antibodies in cattle in the southern region of Minas Gerais. The results suggest that Blue Tongue Virus is present in cattle in the study area.

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Background: The tumor microenvironment is an important target of studies in different types of neoplasms. Understanding the role of general components such as immune, vascular and fibroblastic cells has the objective of contributing to prognosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between mast cells and angiogenesis in benign and malignant mammary neoplasms by investigating the role of degranulation and microlocation of mast cells and neoformed vessels in canine mammary neoplasms. Materials, Methods & Results: Mammary glands (n = 122) from 50 female dogs submitted to mastectomy without chemotherapy were evaluated and categorized into 3 groups: control group (n = 46); malignant group (n = 57) and benign group (n = 19). Lymph nodes without changes (n = 59) and with metastases (n = 6) were also evaluated. To evaluate the MCD (mast cell density) and angiogenesis, Toluidine Blue (0.1%) and Gomori’s Trichrome techniques were performed and adapted from previous studies. Photomicrographs of 10 hotspot areas on a 40x objective lens of the mammary glands and lymph nodes were captured to assess MCD and angiogenesis. In the absence of these areas, random fields were captured. For the mammary glands of the malignant and benign groups, 20 fields were analyzed, as the analysis considered the microlocation (peritumoral and intratumoral). Counting was performed manually using ImageJ software version 1.42q by 2 observers. The statistical analysis were performed using SPSS software version 19.0. The most frequent histological type in the malignant group was carcinoma in mixed tumor (68.42%; 39/57) and in the benign group was benign mixed tumor (57.89%; 11/19). Female dogs without breed pattern were more frequently affected represented 70% of the animals and the mean age was 9 years and 8 months ± 3 years and 1 month...

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This study described the pathological aspects of a mature intracranial teratoma with meningocele in a one-day-old lamb. The diagnosis of mature teratoma was based on microscopic features, where well-differentiated tissues representative of the three germ layers were observed. The tumor consisted of respiratory, gastrointestinal and urinary epithelium as components of the endoderm; muscle and bone tissues as components of the mesoderm; and keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and adnexa as components of the ectoderm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of intracranial teratoma with meningocele in animals.(AU)

Descrevem-se os aspectos patológicos de um teratoma intracraniano benigno com meningocele em um cordeiro de um dia de idade. O diagnóstico de teratoma benigno foi baseado nos achados histopatológicos, com tecidos representativos das três camadas germinativas. O tumor consistia de epitélio respiratório, gastrintestinal e urinário como componentes do endoderma; tecido muscular e ósseo do mesoderma; e epitélio escamoso estratificado queratinizado e anexos como componentes do ectoderma. Com base no conhecimento dos autores, este é o primeiro relato de teratoma intracraniano com meningocele em animais.(AU)

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Trypanosomiasis is caused by a pathogenic protozoan of the genus Trypanosoma, being Trypanosoma vivax the most important agent for cattle. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the expansion of T. vivax infection in different mesoregions of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and describe the clinicopathological findings of trypanosomiasis in cattle. The diagnosis was based on visualization of the parasite in blood smears and DNA detection of T. vivax in the blood of live cows and tissues of necropsied animals by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Thirty suspected herds were tested, of which 11 were positive for T. vivax. The most frequent clinical signs were anemia, apathy, drop in milk production, weight loss, reproductive disorders, and nervous signs. Concomitant diseases, such as malignant edema, pneumonia and increased cases of mastitis were associated with T. vivax infection. Three cows were necropsied and the most significant findings were low body condition score, pale mucous and spleen with white pulp hyperplasia. The results demonstrated the expansion of T. vivax infection in Minas Gerais, that PCR-associated blood smears are promising for diagnosis, and that other diseases often occur concomitantly to T. vivax infection in regions with trypanosomiasis in cattle.

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Background: Kernicterus or bilirubin encephalopathy is a condition rarely observed in animal characterized by a yellowish discoloration of the central nervous system. It is a potentially fatal condition due to bilirubin neurotoxic effects caused by the increase of non-conjugated bilirubin pigment, which passes blood brain barrier and has been attributed to an imbalance between albumin and bilirubin levels. Intracellular bilirubin is toxic for cells and can cause decrease in protein synthesis, specially albumin, depression of cell respiration and cellular death. This paper describes kernicterus in a 2-year-old Great Dane female dog.Case: Clinically, the animal showed apathy, lethargy, weight loss and jaundice, which progressed to vomiting and neurological signs characterized by loss of consciousness and eventually coma. Blood parameters were within normal range, except for high levels of alanine aminotransferase (523 U/L), suggesting a liver lesion. The animal was submitted to euthanasia due to the poor prognosis, and at post-mortem examination it showed dehydration and severe jaundice, especially oral, vaginal and ocular mucosas, subcutaneous tissue and blood vessels intima surface. The liver had an accentuated lobular pattern, and the stomach mucosa was reddened. Multiple petechiae were observed in the epicardium, as well as icterus in the blood vessels of the heart. Furthermore, the brain and cerebellum cortex, thalamic region and nuclei region of brainstem showed extensive icteric areas. Microscopically, the liver presented a mononuclear portal hepatitis, centrilobular necrosis and presence of yellowish pigments. The brain had neuronal necrosis, mild vacuolization of the white matter, perineuronal edema and Alzheimer type II astrocytes, while cerebellum showed Purkinje cells necrosis. Hepatic cooper measurement was within range values, and direct imunofluorescence for the detection of Leptospira sp. was negative.[...](AU)

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Background: Articular cartilage has a limited capacity for regeneration and of the various treatments proposed, none have reached appropriate therapeutic effectiveness. This study aimed to evaluate autogenous osteochondral grafts in intact or macerated format, in association with or without insulin-like growth factor type-1 (IGF-1) in the repair of osteochondral defects induced in the femoral trochlear groove of rabbits.Materials, Methods & Results: Seventeen healthy White New Zealand rabbits were selected for this study. The rabbits were female, six months old, and had an average body weight of 4.5 kg. All 34 stifle joints were subjected to autogenous osteochondral grafting in the femoral trochlear groove. The joints were divided into four groups designated as intact osteochondral graft with IGF-1 (INT + IGF), intact osteochondral graft with physiological solution (INT + FIS), macerated osteochondral graft with IGF-1 (MAC + IGF), and macerated osteochondral graft with physiological solution (MAC + FIS). Serial evaluations were performed by orthopedic and radiographic examination. After 6 and 12 weeks postoperatively, the grafted area was subjected to macroscopic, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses. Although no statistically significant differences were found between the groups in relation to clinical, macroscopic, histological, and immunohistochemical aspects, a tendency of IGF-1 to promote tissue repair was evident. In the radiographic evaluation, the articular surface and the recipient site in both groups with IGF-1 showed significantly more effective filling (P ≤ 0.05). Regardless of the group, collagen type 2 production, as assessed by immunohistochemistry, was found to be appropriate on the grafted articular surface.[...](AU)

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Background: Articular cartilage has a limited capacity for regeneration and of the various treatments proposed, none have reached appropriate therapeutic effectiveness. This study aimed to evaluate autogenous osteochondral grafts in intact or macerated format, in association with or without insulin-like growth factor type-1 (IGF-1) in the repair of osteochondral defects induced in the femoral trochlear groove of rabbits.Materials, Methods & Results: Seventeen healthy White New Zealand rabbits were selected for this study. The rabbits were female, six months old, and had an average body weight of 4.5 kg. All 34 stifle joints were subjected to autogenous osteochondral grafting in the femoral trochlear groove. The joints were divided into four groups designated as intact osteochondral graft with IGF-1 (INT + IGF), intact osteochondral graft with physiological solution (INT + FIS), macerated osteochondral graft with IGF-1 (MAC + IGF), and macerated osteochondral graft with physiological solution (MAC + FIS). Serial evaluations were performed by orthopedic and radiographic examination. After 6 and 12 weeks postoperatively, the grafted area was subjected to macroscopic, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses. Although no statistically significant differences were found between the groups in relation to clinical, macroscopic, histological, and immunohistochemical aspects, a tendency of IGF-1 to promote tissue repair was evident. In the radiographic evaluation, the articular surface and the recipient site in both groups with IGF-1 showed significantly more effective filling (P ≤ 0.05). Regardless of the group, collagen type 2 production, as assessed by immunohistochemistry, was found to be appropriate on the grafted articular surface.[...]

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Background: Kernicterus or bilirubin encephalopathy is a condition rarely observed in animal characterized by a yellowish discoloration of the central nervous system. It is a potentially fatal condition due to bilirubin neurotoxic effects caused by the increase of non-conjugated bilirubin pigment, which passes blood brain barrier and has been attributed to an imbalance between albumin and bilirubin levels. Intracellular bilirubin is toxic for cells and can cause decrease in protein synthesis, specially albumin, depression of cell respiration and cellular death. This paper describes kernicterus in a 2-year-old Great Dane female dog.Case: Clinically, the animal showed apathy, lethargy, weight loss and jaundice, which progressed to vomiting and neurological signs characterized by loss of consciousness and eventually coma. Blood parameters were within normal range, except for high levels of alanine aminotransferase (523 U/L), suggesting a liver lesion. The animal was submitted to euthanasia due to the poor prognosis, and at post-mortem examination it showed dehydration and severe jaundice, especially oral, vaginal and ocular mucosas, subcutaneous tissue and blood vessels intima surface. The liver had an accentuated lobular pattern, and the stomach mucosa was reddened. Multiple petechiae were observed in the epicardium, as well as icterus in the blood vessels of the heart. Furthermore, the brain and cerebellum cortex, thalamic region and nuclei region of brainstem showed extensive icteric areas. Microscopically, the liver presented a mononuclear portal hepatitis, centrilobular necrosis and presence of yellowish pigments. The brain had neuronal necrosis, mild vacuolization of the white matter, perineuronal edema and Alzheimer type II astrocytes, while cerebellum showed Purkinje cells necrosis. Hepatic cooper measurement was within range values, and direct imunofluorescence for the detection of Leptospira sp. was negative.[...]

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Background: Bluetongue (BT) is a viral disease transmitted by hematophagous vectors of the genus Culicoides. In Brazil, the identification of antibodies against the virus has been held for over thirty years, however clinicopathological diagnosis of the disease are scarce. The first reported case occurred in the state of Paraná in 2001, confirmed by isolation and identification of serotype 12 of BTV. In the state of Rio Grande do Sul, in 2009, two outbreaks confirmed and was identified the serotype 12. Serotype 4 was isolated during an outbreak in the state of Rio de Janeiro in 2013. This study describes the Diagnoses of ovine infection by the serotype-4 bluetongue virus in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Case: In a farm in the Southern region of the state of Minas Gerais, a group of 28 male sheep, was sent for necropsy at the Setor de Patologia Veterinária of Universidade Federal de Lavras (SPV-UFLA). In a flock of 80 male sheep 28 died with clinical signs of respiratory distress, whereas other showed signs of anemia and hypoproteinemia, cough, sneezing, prostration, fever, mucopurulent nasal discharge, anemia and submandibular edema. At necropsy, the main changes observed were cranioventral pulmonary consolidation, hemorrhage at the base of the pulmonary artery and ulcerating lesions in the hard palate mucosa, rumen and reticulum. The histological changes consisted of bacterial [...](AU)

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Background: Bluetongue (BT) is a viral disease transmitted by hematophagous vectors of the genus Culicoides. In Brazil, the identification of antibodies against the virus has been held for over thirty years, however clinicopathological diagnosis of the disease are scarce. The first reported case occurred in the state of Paraná in 2001, confirmed by isolation and identification of serotype 12 of BTV. In the state of Rio Grande do Sul, in 2009, two outbreaks confirmed and was identified the serotype 12. Serotype 4 was isolated during an outbreak in the state of Rio de Janeiro in 2013. This study describes the Diagnoses of ovine infection by the serotype-4 bluetongue virus in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Case: In a farm in the Southern region of the state of Minas Gerais, a group of 28 male sheep, was sent for necropsy at the Setor de Patologia Veterinária of Universidade Federal de Lavras (SPV-UFLA). In a flock of 80 male sheep 28 died with clinical signs of respiratory distress, whereas other showed signs of anemia and hypoproteinemia, cough, sneezing, prostration, fever, mucopurulent nasal discharge, anemia and submandibular edema. At necropsy, the main changes observed were cranioventral pulmonary consolidation, hemorrhage at the base of the pulmonary artery and ulcerating lesions in the hard palate mucosa, rumen and reticulum. The histological changes consisted of bacterial [...]

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Background: B cell lymphoma with Mott cell differentiation is rarely reported in dogs. This neoplasms has been diagnosed in the gastrointestinal tract and therefore is considered the differential diagnosis of obstruction by foreign body, enteritis and other intestinal neoplasms. The objective of the present study was to describe macroscopic, microscopic and immunohistochemical findings of a B cell lymphoma with Mott cell differentiation in the gastrointestinal tract of a dog.Case: A 7-year-old male German Shepherd dog was referred to necropsy with a mass 12 cm in diameter in the ileum-cecocolic junction, compromising mesenteric lymph nodes. Cytology showed two types of lymphoid cells. Approximately 80-90% of cells were round, with large cytoplasm containing numerous basophilic inclusion corpuscles, round nuclei, condensed chromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli, moderate anisokaryosis and marked anisocytosis. The other cells were round, with scarce basophilic cytoplasm, round nuclei, condensed chromatin and inconspicuous nucleoli. Mild anisokaryosis and anisocytosis and mitotic figures were sometimes identified. Histology revealed the predominance of round cells, with large cytoplasm containing numerous eosinophilic corpuscles (Russel bodies). Neoplastic cells were PAS and PTAH-positive, and toluidine blue-negative. Immunohistochemistry revealed positive immunoreactivity to antibodie...

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Background: B cell lymphoma with Mott cell differentiation is rarely reported in dogs. This neoplasms has been diagnosed in the gastrointestinal tract and therefore is considered the differential diagnosis of obstruction by foreign body, enteritis and other intestinal neoplasms. The objective of the present study was to describe macroscopic, microscopic and immunohistochemical findings of a B cell lymphoma with Mott cell differentiation in the gastrointestinal tract of a dog.Case: A 7-year-old male German Shepherd dog was referred to necropsy with a mass 12 cm in diameter in the ileum-cecocolic junction, compromising mesenteric lymph nodes. Cytology showed two types of lymphoid cells. Approximately 80-90% of cells were round, with large cytoplasm containing numerous basophilic inclusion corpuscles, round nuclei, condensed chromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli, moderate anisokaryosis and marked anisocytosis. The other cells were round, with scarce basophilic cytoplasm, round nuclei, condensed chromatin and inconspicuous nucleoli. Mild anisokaryosis and anisocytosis and mitotic figures were sometimes identified. Histology revealed the predominance of round cells, with large cytoplasm containing numerous eosinophilic corpuscles (Russel bodies). Neoplastic cells were PAS and PTAH-positive, and toluidine blue-negative. Immunohistochemistry revealed positive immunoreactivity to antibodie...(AU)

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BACKGROUND: Neospora caninum is an apicomplexan protozoan that is considered one of the main agents responsible for abortion in ruminants. The lesions found in the central nervous system (CNS) of aborted fetuses show multifocal necrosis, gliosis, and perivascular cuffs of mononuclear cells, but the inflammatory and glial cells have not been immunophenotypically characterized. The lesions in the CNS of infected adult animals have rarely been described. Therefore, in this study, we characterized the lesions, the immunophenotypes of the inflammatory and glial cells and the expression of MHC-II and PCNA in the CNS of goats infected with N. caninum. The CNS of eight aborted fetuses and six adult male goats naturally infected with N. caninum were analyzed with lectin histochemistry (RCA1) and immunohistochemistry (with anti-CD3, -CD79α, -GFAP, -MHC-II, and -PCNA antibodies). All animals were the offspring of dams naturally infected with N. caninum. RESULTS: The microscopic lesions in the CNS of the aborted fetuses consisted of perivascular cuffs composed mainly of macrophages (RCA1(+)), rare T lymphocytes (CD3(+)), and rare B lymphocytes (CD79α(+)). Multifocal necrosis surrounded by astrocytes (GFAP(+)), gliosis composed predominantly of monocytic-lineage cells (macrophages and microglia, RCA1(+)), and the cysts of N. caninum, related (or not) to the lesions were present. Similar lesions were found in four of the six male goats, and multinucleate giant cells related to focal gliosis were also found in three adult goats. Anti-GFAP immunostaining showed astrocytes characterizing areas of glial scarring. Cysts of N. caninum were found in three adult male goats. The presence of N. caninum was evaluated with histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and PCR. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated anti-PCNA labeling of macrophages and microglia in the perivascular cuffs and the expression of MHC-II by microglia and endothelial cells in the CNS of the aborted fetuses and adult male goats. CONCLUSIONS: Macrophages and microglia were the predominant inflammatory cells in the CNS of aborted fetuses and healthy adult male goats infected with N. caninum. Activated astrocytes were mainly associated with inflamed areas, suggesting that astrocytes were involved in the resolution of the lesions.

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Background: The genus Clostridium includes a group of Gram-positive, anaerobic bacteria which producing endosporesand produce toxins when encounter conditions favorable to their development. These toxins can be produced and absorbedin the intestinal lumen, as occurs in cases of enterotoxemia (Clostridium perfringens), or are produced in areas of tissuenecrosis after bacterial infections, as seen in tetanus (C. tetani), blackleg (C. chauvoei) and bacillary hemoglobinuria(C. haemolyticum), or in infections by C. chauvoei, C. novyi and C. septicum frequently associated with cases of malignant edema. The aim of this research was relates the epidemiological and clinicopathological aspects of the clostridiosisobserved in the region of infl uence of the Setor de Patologia Veterinária of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.Materials, Methods & Results: The necropsy records were reviewed from January 1996 to December 2011 to identifythe cases of clostridiosis that were diagnosed. In the period, 4.689 necropsies were performed by the (SPV-UFRGS). Atotal of 135 cases (2.88%) were associated with clostridiosis. The most prevalent clostridiosis included tetanus (48.15%)in horses, cattle, sheep and goats; botulism (17.04%) in cattle and enterotoxemia (22.96%) in goats. Additional diseaseswere blackleg (5.93%) in cattle, necrotic myositis/malignant edema in horses and sheep and bacillary hemoglobinuria incattle, both with 4 cases each (2.96%).Discussion: Tetanus, enterotoxemia, and botulism were the most prevalent clostrodiosis diagnosed at SPV-UFRGS andtogether accounted for approximately 90% of cases in the period 1996-2011. As for blackleg, bacillary hemoglobinuria,and necrotic myositis/malignant edema, together they represented slightly less than 10% of the clostridioses in the period.The most signifi cant clostridiosis in the period studied was tetanus, affecting cattle, sheep, and horses. There was a largenumber...

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RESUMO

O presente estudo avaliou a participação de agentes bacterianos e virais em abortos em bovinos de propriedades rurais do sul de Minas Gerais. Foi realizada análise histopatológica e imuno-histoquímica dos casos de aborto recebidos pelo Setor de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Lavras no período de 1999 a 2013. De 60 fetos analisados, em 30 (50%) foram observadas lesões microscópicas. Destes, oito apresentavam lesões compatíveis com infecção por agentes bacterianos e três apresentaram lesões sugestivas de agentes virais. Dos abortos bacterianos, um feto tinha lesões compatíveis com leptospirose, caracterizadas por icterícia e colestase, nefrite intersticial linfoplasmocítica e nefrose tubular. Sete fetos apresentaram pneumonia ou broncopneumonia purulenta; num deles havia também pleurite e peritonite fibrinosas; e em dois desses fetos houve imunomarcação para Brucella abortus. Dos três fetos com lesões sugestivas de aborto viral ocorreu imunomarcação anti-Herpesvírus bovino em um. Os resultados demonstram a ocorrência de abortos de origem bacteriana e viral na Região do estudo e que medidas profiláticas devem ser adotadas nas propriedades. O trabalho demonstra também que a imuno-histoquímica (IHQ); associada à histopatologia; é uma ferramenta útil e viável para o diagnóstico, especialmente quando provas microbiológicas e/ou sorológicas não estão disponíveis.

The paper evaluates the participation of bacterial and viral agents in bovine abortions in farms of southern Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis was performed in aborted fetuses of cattle received by the Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras, from 1999 to 2013. From 60 fetuses studied, 30 (50%) had microscopic lesions. From these, eight had lesions consistent with bacterial agents and three had lesions suggestive of viral agents. In the bacterial abortions, one fetus presented lesions compatible with leptospirosis, characterized by jaundice, cholestasis, lymphoplasmacytic intersticial nephritis, and tubular nephrosis. Seven fetuses had purulent pneumonia or bronchopneumonia and one of them had also fibrinous pleuritis and peritonitis; two of them presented positive immunostaining for Brucella abortus. One of the three fetuses with lesions of viral infection revealed positive imunostaining for bovine herpesvirus. The results showed that abortions of bacterial and viral origin occur in the Region of this study and prophylactic measures should be adopted on the farms. This study also demonstrates that immunohistochemistry associated with histopathology is a useful and viable tool for the diagnosis, especially when microbiological and/or serological tests are not available.

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