RESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate the link between violence, crime, and sexual behavior among patients with substance-related disorder admitted to a specialized inpatient care unit. This was a cross-sectional study using a questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, drug of choice (DOC), questions about sexual behavior, and instruments to evaluate the severity of dependence (SADD, DAST, FTND), level of impulsivity (BIS-11), and a screening sex addiction scale. The sample consisted of 587 adult subjects, of which 82.3% were men, 66.4% had used cocaine (sniffed and smoked) as their DOC, 24.4% had a history with the criminal justice system, 26.8% had committed crimes, 19.3% had engaged in violent behavior, and 12.2% had been involved in drug trafficking. In this sample, crime was strongly associated with various sexual behaviors and the severity of substance dependence.
Assuntos
Crime/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento Sexual/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/complicações , Violência/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Cocaína/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Tráfico de Drogas/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Comportamento Impulsivo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/reabilitação , Adulto JovemRESUMO
AIMS: The aim of this study is to evaluate whether there is a difference in the identified prevalence between the assessment of symptoms of sexual dysfunction in female drug users using a standardized scale and by means of a nonstandardized set of questions about sexual dysfunctions. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted with two groups of substance-dependent women using the Drug Abuse Screening Test, the Short Alcohol Dependence Data questionnaire, the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence for the evaluation of the severity of dependence, and the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale. FINDINGS: In both groups, the severity of dependence and the prevalence of symptoms of sexual dysfunctions in women were similar. CONCLUSION: The use of standardized and nonstandardized instruments to assess sexual dysfunction symptoms is an essential resource for the provision of good-quality care to this clientele.
Assuntos
Usuários de Drogas/estatística & dados numéricos , Disfunções Sexuais Fisiológicas/diagnóstico , Disfunções Sexuais Fisiológicas/epidemiologia , Disfunções Sexuais Psicogênicas/diagnóstico , Disfunções Sexuais Psicogênicas/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Avaliação de Sintomas/métodos , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Comportamento Sexual/psicologia , Avaliação de Sintomas/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential relationship between self-reported sexual dysfunction, sexual behavior, and severity of addiction of drug users. A cross-sectional design study was conducted at an inpatient addiction treatment unit in Sao Paulo, Brazil, with a sample of 508 male drug users. Sociodemographic data, sexual behavior, and severity of dependence were evaluated.The prevalence of sexual dysfunction was 37.2% and premature ejaculation was 63.8%. Men with sexual dysfunction presented from moderate to severe level of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs of dependence. The findings from this study are particularly relevant identifying those sociodemographic factors, severity of drug use, and sexual behavior are related to men who experience sexual dysfunction. Health promotion and motivational interventions on sexual health targeted to male drug users can contribute in reducing these at-risk behaviors. More interdisciplinary research is desirable in future in considering men's sexual health.
Assuntos
Saúde do Homem , Comportamento Sexual , Disfunções Sexuais Fisiológicas , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Nurses are the prime movers in the prevention and harm reduction in alcohol-related harm especially for those patients who are unwilling to access specialist care. The aim of the study is to evaluate the attitudes and knowledge of nursing students before and after Brief Intervention Training for alcohol problems. A quasi-experimental study was conducted with 120 undergraduate nursing students. Sixty recruited students were randomized into experimental and control groups (n = 60 each). Participants completed questionnaires on knowledge and attitudes before and after this training of brief intervention. The brief intervention program, 16 hours of duration, includes training for screening and early recognition, nursing, and the treatment of alcohol problems. Analysis of the data showed statistically significant positive change in the nursing students' knowledge (identifications and care) and personal and professional attitudes in working with patients with alcohol problems after the educational intervention. The experimental group differed significantly in all the variables measured at posteducational program. The provision of educational program on brief intervention in undergraduate nursing education can be an effective way for acquisition of knowledge and changes in attitudes in working with patients with alcohol problems.
Assuntos
Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Álcool/enfermagem , Bacharelado em Enfermagem/métodos , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Estudantes de Enfermagem/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
This study seeks to evaluate sexual risk behaviors in non-injecting substance-dependent patients admitted for specialized inpatient Brazilian care. A cross-sectional study using socio-demographic and sexual behavior information, drug of choice, Short Alcohol Dependence Data, Drug Abuse Screening, and Test for Nicotine Dependence was used in 299 subjects with different levels of sexual vulnerability as measured by the number of sexual partners in the last year and the frequency of condom use with intercourse/penetration. The findings showed that approximately 39% the subjects of the high risk sexual behavior group exhibited a higher prevalence of others sexual risk behaviors, including having sex with sex workers (RP=1.96), homosexual experiences, and homosexual experiences in exchange for drugs, history of STIs (RP=1.39), HIV testing, use of the morning after pill (RP=1.78) and induced abortion. The probability of alcohol and cocaine snorted user having high risk sexual behaviors is 2.47 and 1.66 times respectively higher than crack users. In addition, users with substantial or severe levels of problems with drugs had a probability of 3.64 times greater of high risk sexual behaviors. Identifying, preventing, and managing these high risk sexual behaviors related to alcohol and other drugs are an excellent opportunity to bolster their treatment.
Assuntos
Assunção de Riscos , Comportamento Sexual , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Comportamento Sexual/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
This first in a two-part series on substance misuse among older people discusses the pattern of misuse in this group and outlines the different types of misusers. It also explores the risk factors for alcohol misuse and its effects, as well as other types of substance misuse.
Assuntos
Alcoolismo/epidemiologia , Alcoolismo/enfermagem , Fumar/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/enfermagem , Idoso , Humanos , Fatores de Risco , Reino Unido/epidemiologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: This study aims to validate the nursing diagnosis of anxiety among expert Brazilian nurses and clinicians using NANDA International defining characteristics and to compare the clinical judgments of the experts and the clinicians. METHOD: A semistructured questionnaire was completed by a convenience sample of 120 nurses. NANDA International defining characteristics of the Brazilian Portuguese version were used. The analysis of the ratings was based on the framework of the Diagnostic Content Validation model. Brazilian nurses considered the anxiety definition established by NANDA International to be appropriate and experts' and clinicians' judgments were similar for both groups of nurses. FINDINGS: The results showed that among the 71 characteristics of anxiety, 8 were identified as critical defining characteristics of anxiety (score >or= 0, 80) by the expert nurses. CONCLUSIONS: Brazilian nurses accepted the NANDA International definition for nursing diagnosis of anxiety although some defining characteristics might differ due to cultural differences. Future research could address the limitations of the study and examine validations by both the experts and the clinicians. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: The adequate preparation of undergraduate and postgraduate nurses in nursing diagnosis is important in improving the quality of care given to patients.
Assuntos
Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico de Enfermagem , Brasil , Humanos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
This paper reports a study identifying the learning styles preference of undergraduate nursing students and examining its influence on educational outcomes. There are limited recent studies in the UK on the learning styles preference of undergraduate and its influence on educational outcomes. A purposive sample of 110 undergraduate nursing students completed a demographic questionnaire and the Honey and Mumford's learning styles inventory. A pre-post-test design was used to evaluate the educational outcomes. Reflector learning styles preference was the dominant learning styles among the majority of undergraduate nursing students. An interesting phenomenon about the distribution of the learning styles preference is the additional "dual" learning style category. The hypothesis that learning styles preference will determine knowledge acquisition, changes in attitude and intervention confidence skills was rejected. However, as this is a multi-layered hypothesis the findings showed that only the dual learning styles preference group was found to have a significant influence in intervention confidence skills. Further research is warranted to replicate this study using the same methodology but with several different population samples specialising in different branch of nursing. As there are limited literature on the dual learning styles preferences, this dual preference phenomenon needs further investigation to establish its acceptability in nursing education.
Assuntos
Comportamento do Consumidor , Bacharelado em Enfermagem , Aprendizagem , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Inquéritos e Questionários , Reino UnidoRESUMO
This paper reports a study which aimed to evaluate the impact of an educational programme on alcohol and drug on knowledge acquisition, changes in attitude and intervention confidence skills of undergraduate nursing students and identify the influence of selected demographic variables on educational outcomes. Despite the high levels of morbidity and mortality resulting from substance misuse, few nurses have been adequately prepared to respond effectively. There remains a dearth of evidence on the educational interventions in alcohol and drug with undergraduate nursing students and this study intends to add a body of knowledge to this field. A quasi-experimental, pre-post-test design was used using with a purposive sample of four cohorts of undergraduate nursing students (n=110) in England. Pre-tests and post-tests after the educational intervention on alcohol and drug were administered to measure the educational outcomes. The data was collected between March 2002 and September 2003. The results showed the educational intervention on alcohol and drug had a significant impact on educational outcomes. There were significant differences between the pre-test and post-test knowledge mean score (t=-.4.61, d.f.=109, p=0.000), attitude (t=-2.36, d.f.=109, p=0.02) and intervention confidence skills (t=-9.75, d.f.=109, p=0.000). Within the multi-layered hypothesis, the results indicate that only ethnicity was found to have a significant influence on both knowledge acquisition (F(2,106)=6.59, p=0.002) and intervention confidence skills (F(2,106)=15.0, p=0.000). The study provides some evidence that a short intensive educational programme on alcohol and drug can be effective in improving educational outcomes. Further research should be undertaken with undergraduate nurses specialising in different branch of nursing.
Assuntos
Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Competência Clínica/normas , Bacharelado em Enfermagem/organização & administração , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Estudantes de Enfermagem/psicologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/enfermagem , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Currículo/normas , Avaliação Educacional , Inglaterra , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Papel do Profissional de Enfermagem , Avaliação em Enfermagem , Pesquisa em Educação em Enfermagem , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Enfermagem Psiquiátrica/educação , Autoeficácia , Estereotipagem , Detecção do Abuso de Substâncias , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/diagnóstico , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
There is a paucity literature on the educational interventions and evaluation programmes in alcohol and drug with undergraduate nursing students in the United Kingdom and this study intends to add a body of knowledge to this area. The aim of the study was to assess the intervention confidence skills of undergraduate nursing students before and after an educational intervention on alcohol and drug misuse. The research study is a quasi-experimental, pre- and post-test design. The sample was made of four cohorts of undergraduate nursing students (n=110) enrolled at a course leading to a diploma or BSc in nursing from three educational institutions. A visual analogue scale was used to measure intervention confidence skills before and after the educational programme in alcohol and drug. The findings showed an improvement in the level of intervention confidence skills of undergraduate nursing students. Further research is needed to examine effectiveness of educational interventions in working with substance misusers and whether substance misuse education is the key predictor of changing in changing intervention confidence skills.
Assuntos
Competência Clínica , Educação em Enfermagem , Autoeficácia , Estudantes de Enfermagem/psicologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/enfermagem , Adulto , Alcoolismo/enfermagem , Alcoolismo/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/prevenção & controle , Reino UnidoRESUMO
Tendências atuais sugerem que a disseminação do conhecimento em enfermagem e a publicação de artigos em revistas de alta qualidade propiciam maior desenvolvimento na profissionalização da enfermagem. Há pouca compreensão dos fatores que tornam os enfermeiros capazes de escrever para publicação. Contudo, um programa educacional sobre como escrever para publicação em todos os níveis da enfermagem pode funcionar como um catalisador nesse processo de mudança...
Assuntos
Humanos , Educação de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem , Enfermagem , Publicação PeriódicaRESUMO
The effectiveness and impact of continuing education for specialist nurses working with drug and alcohol had been poorly documented and the purpose of this study was to enhance our understanding of this process. The aims of the study were to identify predictors of course satisfaction and perceived course impact and to examine students' satisfaction with modules' learning outcomes and their applications to practice. This study was a cross-sectional survey of 46 part-time students enrolled a Postgraduate Diploma in Addictive Behaviour. Three instruments were used to measure modules' satisfaction, post-course satisfaction (PCSQ-18) and on-the-job impact (CIQ-17). The findings provided some support on the effect and impact of an educational programme on the practice development of addiction nurses. Within the multilayered hypothesis, the results indicate that expectations on the Health Education and Prevention Module were the only significant predictor of course satisfaction and Expectation of the Special Population Module was the only significant predictor of course impact on professional practice. Clinical placements have had a significant impact on professional practice of addiction nurses. Further evaluative studies need to be undertaken to examine the impact of educational programmes on its applications to clinical practice and the quality of care provided.
Assuntos
Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Comportamento Aditivo/enfermagem , Educação Continuada em Enfermagem/organização & administração , Enfermeiros Clínicos , Enfermagem Psiquiátrica/educação , Adulto , Competência Clínica , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Enfermeiros Clínicos/educação , Enfermeiros Clínicos/psicologia , Pesquisa em Educação em Enfermagem , Pesquisa Metodológica em Enfermagem , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Autoavaliação (Psicologia) , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
The number of printed and electronic (Internet) academic nursing publications in Brazil and around the world highlight the importance attached to publishing in the field of nursing. Internationally, journals are ranked according to their professional merits and peer review orientations. Financial institutions increasingly value publications in renowned journals as one criterion for granting funds for research. One important reason why many scientific articles do not meet the requirements from international journal reviewers, especially those submitted English, is the result of poor and literal translation of the text. The challenge we are facing in Latin America is to encourage the development of articles for publication in internationally reviewed journals. Co-authorship is a potentially stimulating model for researchers and postgraduate students to publish. This task can be undertaken through the help of international supervisors and researchers, supervisors or postgraduate students with good command of the English language. This article aims to demystify the publication process and present some guidelines on how to publish in international journals.
Assuntos
Cooperação Internacional , Enfermagem , Editoração , Redação , HumanosRESUMO
The number of printed and electronic (Internet) academic nursing publications in Brazil and around the world highlights the importance attached to publishing in the field of nursing. Internationally, journals are ranked according to their professional merits and peer review orientations. Financial institutions increasingly value publications in renowned journals as one criterion for granting funds for research. One important reason why many scientific articles do not meet the requirements from international journal reviewers, especially those submitted English, is the result of poor and literal translation of the text. The challenge we are facing in Latin America is to encourage the development of articles for publication in internationally reviewed journals. Co-authorship is a potentially stimulating model for researchers and postgraduate students to publish. This task can be undertaken through the help of international supervisors and researchers, supervisors or postgraduate students with good command of the English language. This article aims to demystify the publication process and present some guidelines on how to publish in international journals.
Assuntos
Enfermagem , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto , Editoração/normas , Redação/normas , InternacionalidadeRESUMO
O número de meios de divulgação acadêmica impressa e eletrônica (Internet) de enfermagem de abrangência nacional e internacional destaca a importância de publicar entre enfermeiros. Ao redor do mundo, as revistas estão sendo categorizadas em relação a méritos para a profissão e avaliação por pares. Cada vez mais, as instituições de financiamento de pesquisa estão atentas à publicação em revistas de prestígio acadêmico como um dos critérios para a concessão do mesmo. Um fator importante a ser considerado entre as razões para que muitos artigos científicos falham no preenchimento dos requisitos de avaliação dos revisores de revistas internacionais, principalmente aquelas de idioma inglês, é a tradução pobre e de modo literal. Nosso desafio na América Latina é incrementar o desenvolvimento de artigos para publicação impressa ou não em revistas com revisores internacionais. A co-autoria oferece um modelo potencialmente encorajador tanto para o pesquisador como para o pós-graduando publicar. Esse objetivo pode ser empreendido com a ajuda de supervisores internacionais e pesquisadores, orientadores ou estudantes de pós-graduação conhecedores da língua inglesa. O presente artigo busca desmistificar o processo de publicação e apresentar alguns princípios norteadores de como publicar em revistas internacionais.
Assuntos
Enfermagem , Pesquisa em Enfermagem , Publicação Periódica , RedaçãoRESUMO
Health professionals have a responsibility to ensure the rational use of prescribed psychoactive medicines. The appropriate use of these drugs has become a cause for concern in the U.K. because of increased consumption. This article discusses irrational prescribing and the implications for practice.
Assuntos
Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Transtornos Mentais/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos Mentais/enfermagem , Papel do Profissional de Enfermagem , Psicotrópicos/uso terapêutico , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Monitoramento de Medicamentos/enfermagem , Monitoramento de Medicamentos/normas , Humanos , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Reino UnidoRESUMO
Over the last two decades there has been a growing concern, among health care professionals, to the high incidence of medical and psychiatric morbidity among substance abusers, particularly those who inject drugs and those with alcohol use problems. Many of the patients present in the hospitals and psychiatric emergency settings mar have been abusing both licit and illicit psychoactive substances including alcohol, crack, cocaine and cannabis. There is a host of physical, psychological and social problems related to substance abuse that is present covertly in almost every health care encounter. The denial of health care workers and the general public alike of the existence of drug and alcohol-related problems continues to present an obstacle to the provision of early recognition, health education and effective care. This paper aims to give an overview of substance abuse as seen in psychiatric emergency settings and examine the attitude and role of health care professionals in working with substance abusers in the literature. In addition, a drug and alcohol history and the application of brief interventions with substance abusers are presented...
Nas últimas duas décadas tem aumentado entre os profissionais de saúde a preocupação com a alta incidência da morbidade clínica e psiquiátrica entre os usuários de substâncias psicotrópicas, particularmente, os de drogas injetáveis e aqueles com problemas de uso de álcool. Muitos dos pacientes presentes nos hospitais e setores de emergência psiquiátrica podem ser usuários de ambos: substâncias psicoativas lícitas e ilícitas (álcool, crack, cocaína e maconha). Há uma plêiade de problemas físicos, psicológicos e sociais, relacionada ao uso de substâncias e que permanece parcialmente encoberta em quase todos os encontros de cuidado em saúde. A negação dos profissionais de saúde, bem como do público em geral, da existência do uso de substâncias psicoativas, continua a se apresentar como um obstáculo ao reconhecimento precoce de problemas, educação em saúde e para o cuidado efetivo. Este artigo propõe-se a dar um panorama do uso de substâncias psicoativas conforme é visto nos locais de atendimento das emergências psiquiátricas e examinar as atitudes e papel dos profissionais de saúde no trabalho com usuários dessas substâncias, segundo a literatura. Além disso, são apresentados conteúdos sobre a história do uso de álcool e drogas, e a aplicação de breves intervenções com usuários de drogas...
En las últimas dos décadas há aumentado entre los profesionales de la salud su preocupación con la alta incidencia en la morbilidad clínica y psiquiátrica entre los usuarios de sustancias psicotrópicas, especificamente, los dependientes de drogas inyectables y aquellos con problema de alcohol. Muchos de las paciente presentes en los hospitales y en los sectores de emergencias psiquiátricas pueden ser usuarios de ambos; sustancias psicoactivas licitas e ilicitas (alcohol, crake, cocaina y macona) Existe un conglomerado de problemas físicos, psicológicos y sociales, relacionados al uso de estas sustancias y que permanecen parcialmemte encoberta en cuase todos os encontros de cuidado en salud. La negativa de los profesionales de la salud, asi como, del público en general, sobre la existencia del uso de estas sustancias psicoactivas, continua presentándose como un obstáculo frente al reconocimiento precóz de dichos problemas, educación para la salud y para el cuidado efectivo. Este artículo visualiza el panorama del uso de sustancias psicoactivas conforme es visto en los locales de atención en las emergencias psiquiátricas, asi podremos examinar las actitudes y el papel de los profesionales de la salud en el trabajo con los usuarios de estas sustancias, según la literatura. Además de esto, se presentan contenidos sobre la historia dei uso de alcohol y drogas, y la aplicación de las intervenciones breves con los usuarios de drogas...
Assuntos
Humanos , Alcoolismo , Drogas Ilícitas , Intervenção em Crise , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Unidade Hospitalar de PsiquiatriaRESUMO
Alcohol misuse is regarded as a major public health issue, which results in more health-related problems than tobacco and illicit substances. Alcohol misuse among adolescents is on the increase and excessive drinking is associated with psychological, social and physical harm to the individual, family and society.