RESUMO
This study aimed to investigate the toxicity of the fungicide ipconazole on oxidative status, cell death and inflammasome complex activation in the hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, striatum and hippocampus of rats. Female albino rats were randomly divided into a control group and four groups treated with ipconazole at doses of 1, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg b.w., administered for six days. Ipconazole significantly increased MDA and ROS levels in all brain regions studied, while reducing catalase enzyme activity. The molecular expression of cell death-related genes (AKT1, APAF1, BNIP3, CASP3 and BAX) and the inflammasome complex (CASP1, IL1ß, IL6, NLRP3, NFĸB and TNFα) was also assessed, showing increased expression in at least one brain region. The findings demonstrate that ipconazole induces central nervous system toxicity in mammals, highlighting its potential role as a risk factor in the development of neurodegenerative disorders in individuals exposed to this contaminant.
RESUMO
Se evaluó el efecto de la suplementación alimenticia y el destete temporal en 46 vacas cruzadas Bos taurus x Bos indicus sobre el reinicio de la actividad ovárica postparto. Los animales fueron distribuidos al parto en tres tratamientos: T1: Control, sin suplementación y con cría al pie; T2: Suplementación + destete temporal (48 h) a los 60 días post parto; y T3: Suplementación + cría al pie. Se suplementó 3 kg de concentrado/vaca/día desde el parto hasta los 60 días post parto. Se colectó muestras de sangre dos veces por semana desde la semana 3 a la 12 postparto para determinar niveles de progesterona como indicador de reinicio de la actividad ovárica postparto. Se encontró un intervalo parto primera ovulación de 70.6, 56.4 y 57.8 días para las vacas que ovularon dentro de las primeras 12 semanas postparto en los grupos T1, T2 y T3, respectivamente. El 31.3, 73.3 y 66.7% de las vacas de cada tratamiento ovularon en ese periodo. Se concluye que el factor nutricional y el destete temporal contribuyeron a una mejora del comportamiento reproductivo postparto del ganado bovino cruzado en el trópico peruano.
The effect of feed supplementation and temporary weaning in 46 crossbred Bos taurus x Bos indicus cows on the resumption of post partum ovarian activity was evaluated. Animals were distributed in three treatments: T1, Control, cows without supplementation + calf at foot; T2, Feed supplementation + calf at foot and temporary weaning (48 h) at 60 days post partum; and T3, Feed supplementation + calf at foot. Supplement consisted of 3 kg/cow/day from calving till 60 days post partum. Blood samples were collected twice a week since week 3 till week 16 post partum for the determination of progesterone levels as indicator of the resumption of ovarian activity. The interval calving first ovulation was 70.6, 56.4, and 57.8 days for cows that ovulate within the first 12 weeks after calving in groups T1, T2, and T3 respectively. The 31.3, 73.3, and 66.7% of cows in each treatment group ovulate within that period. It is concluded that feed supplementation and temporary weaning contribute in improving post partum reproductive performance in crossbred cattle in the Peruvian tropics.