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Galectins are a family of proteins with an affinity for ß-galactosides that have roles in neuroprotection and neuroinflammation. Several studies indicate that patients with neurodegenerative diseases have alterations in the concentration of galectins in their blood and brain. However, the results of the studies are contradictory; hence, a meta-analysis is performed to clarify whether patients with neurodegenerative diseases have elevated galectin levels compared to healthy individuals. Related publications are obtained from the databases: PubMed, Central-Conchrane, Web of Science database, OVID-EMBASE, Scope, and EBSCO host until February 2022. A pooled standard mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) is calculated by fixed-effect or random-effect model analysis. In total, 17 articles are included in the meta-analysis with a total of 905 patients. Patients with neurodegenerative diseases present a higher level of galectin expression compared to healthy individuals (MDS = 0.70, 95% CI 0.28-1.13, p = 0.001). In the subgroup analysis by galectin type, a higher galectin-3 expression is observed in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALD), and Parkinson's disease (PD) expressed higher levels of galectin-3. Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have higher levels of galectin-9. In conclusion, our meta-analysis shows that patients with neurovegetative diseases have higher galectin levels compared to healthy individuals. Galectin levels are associated with the type of disease, sample, detection technique, and region of origin of the patients.

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Galectins are a family of proteins with affinity for ß-galactosides and their expression correlates with overall survival (OS) in several cancers. However, in breast cancer their prognostic potential is unclear. In this study we performed a meta-analysis to clarify the prognostic value of galectin expression in breast cancer and to identify sources of heterogeneity. For this purpose, we performed a search of related publications in PubMed, Central-Conchrane, Web of Science database, OVID-EMBASE, Scope and EBSCOhost until November 2021.Thirteen articles were included with a total of 2700 patients. High galectin expression was found not to correlate with OS in breast cancer (HR = 1.11, 95% CI 0.93-1.31). In the case of galectin-3, correlation with OS was observed when performing subgroup analysis by cellular localization (HR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.36-0.94 for cytoplasmic and HR = 1.82, 95% CI 1.00-3.29 for cytoplasmic plus nuclear). Galectin-7 correlates with DFS/PFS/DSS (HR = 2.43; 95% CI 1.36-4.31). Finally, galectin-3 correlates with some clinicopathological features such as lymph node metastasis, estrogen receptor expression and age. In conclusion, galectin-3 correlates with OS in breast cancer when cellular localization is considered while galectin-7 correlates with DFS/PFS/DSS. The cellular localization of galectins should be as fundamental aspect to be determined in future studies.

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BACKGROUND: Maternal morbidity and mortality pose a significant impact on national public health, being medical attention of obstetric emergencies (OE) and non-emergencies (ONE) of capital importance. METHODS: Descriptive and epidemiologic analysis of OE/ONE at a 3rd level military echelon. RESULTS: During a 34-months span, 48 patients were approached at the emergency department (1.4 admissions/month). Mean age: 29 ± 3 years (17-41). Eight patients (17%) were considered OE and 40 (83%) ONE. Fifty-eight percent (n = 28) of patients were admitted to our institution; 32% (n = 9) were managed under non-surgically basis and 68% (n = 19) underwent surgical therapy. Most important cause of admission: postoperative hemorrhage (22%; n = 6). Most frequent operative interventions: surgical hemostasis maneuvers (31.5%; n = 6). Eighty-two percent (n = 23) of admissions required management at intensive care unit (ICU), with mean length of stay of 6.4 ± 4.9 days (2-21). Thirty-five percent (n = 8) required mechanical ventilation. Mean score of APACHE II at ICU: 19.4 ± 8.4; predicted probability of death: 35.5%. Global morbidity rate: 27% (1.8 complications/patient). Global mortality rate: 6.2%; specific mortality for pregnant patients 0% (n = 0) and for post-partum patients12.5% (n = 3). Mortality rate at ICU: 4.3% (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS: Central Military Hospital has delineated and defined several procedures to decrease maternal morbidity and mortality. Appropriate practice of these procedures contributes to reach the desired institutional objectives.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La morbimortalidad materna posee un significativo impacto en la salud pública nacional, siendo la atención médica de las emergencias obstétricas (EO) y urgencias obstétricas (UO) de capital importancia. MÉTODO: Análisis descriptivo y epidemiológico de EO/UO en un escalón militar de tercer nivel. RESULTADOS: Durante 34 meses se abordaron en el departamento de urgencias 48 pacientes (1.4 admisiones/mes). La edad media fue de 29 ± 3 años (rango: 17-41). Ocho pacientes (17%) se consideraron EO y 40 (83%) UO. El 58% (n = 28) de las pacientes se admitieron a la institución; el 32% (n = 9) se manejaron médicamente y el 68% (n = 19) con tratamiento quirúrgico. La causa más importante de admisión fue la hemorragia posoperatoria (22%; n = 6). Las intervenciones quirúrgicas más frecuentes fueron maniobras de hemostasia quirúrgica (31.5%; n = 6). El 82% (n = 23) de las admisiones requirieron manejo en la unidad de medicina intensiva (UMI), con una estancia media de 6.4 ± 4.9 días (rango: 2-21). El 35% (n = 8) requirieron ventilación mecánica. La puntuación media APACHE II en la UMI fue de 19.4 ± 8.4, y la probabilidad predicha de muerte fue del 35.5%. La tasa global de morbilidad fue del 27% (1.8 complicaciones/paciente). La tasa de mortalidad global fue del 6.2%; la mortalidad específica para pacientes embarazadas del 0% (n = 0) y para pacientes puérperas del 12.5% (n = 3). La tasa de mortalidad en la UMI fue del 4.3% (n = 1). CONCLUSIONES: El Hospital Central Militar ha delineado y definido diversos procedimientos para abatir la morbimortalidad maternas. La correcta práctica de estos procedimientos contribuirá a alcanzar los objetivos institucionales deseados.

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Las quemaduras representan uno de los accidentes más graves e incapacitantes, son una de las condiciones más devastadoras encontradas en la medicina. Objetivo: comparar el comportamiento de las lesiones por quemaduras en pacientes que recibieron atención especializada en las primeras 72 horas y después de dicho período, en la consulta externa de quemados del Hospital Universitario General Calixto García. Métodos: se realizó un estudio longitudinal prospectivo de serie de casos. El universo estuvo constituido por los pacientes atendidos ambulatoriamente y con pronóstico de vida leve y menos grave. Las series se dividieron en pacientes que recibieron tratamiento tardíamente: grupo I y pacientes que recibieron atención antes de las primeras 72 horas: grupo II. Resultados: el 43,88 por ciento de los pacientes del grupo 1 recibieron la atención al cuarto día y el 42,77 por ciento presentaron signos de infección local. El 53,88 por ciento de los pacientes del mismo grupo 1 fueron remitidos por sus médicos de familia y el 37,22 por ciento presentó profundización en las lesiones. En ambos grupos predominó el tratamiento antibiótico local de las lesiones. Los pacientes del grupo 1 tuvieron un promedio de 16,59 días para la epitelización total de las lesiones, superior al grupo 2, lo que conllevó a un mayor número de sesiones de cura. Conclusiones: la atención especializada de las lesiones por quemaduras después de las primeras 72 horas, aumenta las probabilidades de infección y profundización como principales complicaciones, lo que contribuye a un retardo en el proceso de cicatrización y de rehabilitación...

Burns are one of the most serious and disabling accidents they are one of the most devastating conditions in medicine. Objective:to compare the behavior of burn injuries in patients receiving specialized care within the first 72 hours and after this period, in the burn outpatient clinic at the General Calixto García University Hospital.Material and methods: a prospective longitudinal study was conducted for case series. The universe consisted of outpatients previously assisted and with life prognosis of mild and less serious. The series were divided into patients who received late treatment: group I, and patients who received care with the first 72 hours: group II. Results: 43.88 percent of group 1patients received medical care on the fourth day and 42.77 percent had signs of local infection. 53.88 percent of this group of patients were referred by their family physicians and 37.22 percent showed deepening injuries. In both groups, local antibiotic treatment of injuries was predominant. Group 1patients had an average of 16.59 days to complete epithelialization of lesions, higher than in group 2, which led to a greater number of cure sessions. Conclusions: specialized medical care for burn lesions after the first 72 hours increase infection probabilities and deepening injuries as the main complications, contributing to a delay in the process of healing and rehabilitation...

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