RESUMO
BACKGROUND: ICD-11 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Complex PTSD (CPTSD) are stress-related disorders. The International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) is a widely used instrument to assess PTSD and CPTSD. To date, there is no evidence of the psychometric characteristics of the ITQ in Latin American countries. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the construct and concurrent validity of the Latin American Spanish adaptation of the ITQ in a sample of Chilean adults. METHODS: A sample of 275 Chilean young adults completed the ITQ, a traumatic life events checklist, the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21, and the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale short version. Four alternative confirmatory factor analysis models were tested. Correlation analyses were performed to determine concurrent validity with associated measures (number of reported traumatic events, number of adverse childhood experiences, anxiety, depression, and suicidal risk). RESULTS: The second-order two-factor (PTSD and DSO) and the correlated first-order six-factor model provided acceptable fit; however, the first model showed a better fit based on the BIC difference. The PTSD and DSO dimensions, as well as the six ITQ clusters showed positive correlations with reported number of traumatic life-events, reported number of adverse childhood experiences, levels of anxiety, depression, and suicidal risk. CONCLUSIONS: The ITQ Latin American Spanish adaptation provides acceptable psychometric evidence to assess PTSD and CPTSD in accordance with the ICD-11.
This study is an initial validation of the Latin American Spanish adaptation of the ITQ with a Chilean young adults sample.The latent structure of the Latin American Spanish ITQ was better supported by a two-factor second-order model (PTSD/DSO); a six-factor correlated model was also acceptable.The six ITQ symptom clusters, as well as the PTSD/CPTSD dimensions were significantly positively correlated with three criterion variables: anxiety, depression, and suicidal risk.The number of potentially traumatic experiences, as well as number of exposure to adverse childhood experiences, was significantly associated with PTSD/CPTSD symptoms.
Assuntos
Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos , Adulto Jovem , Humanos , Chile , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/diagnóstico , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Transtornos de AnsiedadeRESUMO
El objetivo de la presente investigación es identificar la relación entre salud, optimismo disposicional y estilos de afrontamiento en trabajadores, profesionales y no profesionales que trabajan en contextos altamente estresantes, en la ciudad de Talca, Chile. Se evaluaron 119 trabajadores de diversas instituciones dedicadas a la atención de personas vulnerables socialmente, con los siguientes instrumentos: el General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), el Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), y la Escala de Evaluación de Técnicas de Afrontamiento (COPE). Los resultados indican que un 18% de la muestra presenta una alteración en su funcionamiento emocional normal, siendo la mayoría trabajadoras no profesionales. No se encontró relación entre estado de salud reportada y optimismo disposicional; sin embargo, sí se observaron correlaciones entre estas variables y algunos estilos de afrontamiento. En el caso de la sintomatología de salud reportada, se observaron correlaciones negativas con algunos estilos que conforman el afrontamiento centrado en el problema, y correlaciones positivas con algunos estilos que conforman el afrontamiento de evitación. Por su parte, el optimismo disposicional presenta una correlación positiva con algunos estilos del factor de afrontamiento centrado en el problema, y una correlación negativa con la desconexión conductual. Estos resultados muestran que existen estilos favorecedores de la salud, como la reinterpretación positiva y el crecimiento personal, que podrían ser considerados en planes de intervención de salud y autocuidado para los trabajadores. Es necesario seguir profundizando la investigación en este contexto, incluyendo elementos organizacionales con el fin de comprender mejor las diferencias entre los trabajadores profesionales y no profesionales.
The aim of this research is to identify the relationship between health status, dispositional optimism and coping style in professionals and non professionals working in highly stressful environments in the city of Talca-Chile. 119 professionals and non professionals from different institutions dedicated to the care of socially vulnerable people were assessed with the following questionnaires: the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), the Life Orientation Test (LOR-R) and the Stress-Management Evaluation Scale (COPE for its Spanish acronym). Results show that 18% of the participants have an alteration in their emotional well-being, a group where the majority was mainly non professional women workers. No relationship was found between self-reported health status and dispositional optimism. However, correlations were found between these variables and coping styles. In the case of reported health symptoms, there were negative correlations with coping styles that involve problem-focused coping, and positive correlations with some styles that involve avoidance coping. Meanwhile, dispositional optimism shows a positive correlation with problem-focused coping and with some styles that make up this factor, and a negative correlation with behavioral disengagement. Results show that there are health-promoting coping styles, such as positive reinterpretation and personal growth, which could be used for developing health plans and self-care interventions for these workers. It is necessary to further deepen the research in this context, including organizational elements in order to better understand the differences between professional and nonprofessional workers.
O objetivo da presente pesquisa é identificar a relação entre saúde, otimismo disposicional e estilos de enfrentamento em trabalhadores profissionais e não profissionais que trabalham em contextos altamente estressantes, na cidade de Talca, Chile. Avaliaram-se 119 trabalhadores de diversas instituições dedicadas ao atendimento de pessoas vulneráveis socialmente, com os seguintes instrumentos: o General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), o Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), e a Escala de Avaliação de Técnicas de Enfrentamento (COPE). Os resultados indicam que 18% da mostra apresenta uma alteração no seu funcionamento emocional normal, sendo a maioria trabalhadoras não profissionais. Não foi encontrada relação entre o estado de saúde informado e otimismo disposicional; porém, foram observadas correlações entre essas variáveis e alguns estilos de enfrentamento. No caso da sintomatologia de saúde informada, observaram-se correlações negativas com alguns estilos que formam o enfrentamento centrado no problema, e correlações positivas com alguns estilos que foram o enfrentamento de evitação. Por sua parte, o otimismo disposicional apresenta una correlação positiva com alguns estilos do fator de enfrentamento centrado no problema, e uma correlação negativa com a desconexão conductual. Estes resultados mostram que existem estilos favorecedores da saúde, como a reinterpretação positiva e o crescimento pessoal, que poderiam ser considerados em planos de intervenção de saúde e autocuidado para os trabalhadores. É necessário continuar aprofundando a pesquisa neste contexto, incluindo elementos organizacionais com o objetivo de compreender melhor as diferenças entre os trabalhadores profissionais e não profissionais.