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In recent years, natural polysaccharides (PSs) have attracted increasing interest because of their remarkable biological properties and potential in various areas, such as medicine, and food. This study aimed to present a detailed review of the evidence on the therapeutic potential of PSs for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. The main evidence was correlated with their chemical composition, mechanism of action and therapeutic effect. The main results showed that the action can be attributed to their ability to suppress excessive inflammatory responses, regulating the expression of cytokines and interleukins, reducing intestinal inflammation and promoting wound healing. Furthermore, we discussed how PSs help in the repair of the intestinal mucosa and related these effects with the composition of monosaccharides. A detailed analysis was performed on the ability of PSs to modulate the intestinal microbiota, promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and suppressing inflammatory bacteria, in addition to its probiotic action with production of short-chain fatty acids. All this evidence was also taken into a broader context, in which the main challenges in processing PSs were considered and strategies to circumvent them were pointed out. Therefore, this review sought to demonstrate the great potential and viability of PSs as innovative and effective therapeutic agents.
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BACKGROUND: There is a lack of standardized assessment tools for poststroke aphasia in Brazil, particularly bedside screenings for early identification of patients with suspected language disorders. The Language Screening Test (LAST) is a valid and reliable method for screening hospitalized patients following a stroke. This tool was first developed in French and then translated and validated in other languages. PURPOSE: This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the LAST into Brazilian Portuguese. METHOD: Following a systematic, multistep approach to translation and cultural adaptation of language instruments, this study developed the two parallel versions of the Brazilian Portuguese LAST (pLAST) Versions A and B. The final versions were applied to 70 healthy and 30 poststroke adults across age and educational levels. Subtests of the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE) were used to assess the external validity of the pLAST. RESULTS: Findings showed that the two versions (A and B) of the pLAST were equivalent (intraclass correlation coefficient = .91; p < .001). No floor or ceiling effects were observed, and internal validity was excellent (Cronbach's α = .85). Moreover, its external validity against the BDAE was moderate to strong. Test sensitivity and specificity were 0.88 and 1, respectively, and accuracy was 0.96. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian Portuguese version of the LAST is a valid, simple, easy, and rapid test to screen poststroke aphasia in hospital settings. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23548911.
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Afasia , Testes de Linguagem , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto , Humanos , Afasia/diagnóstico , Afasia/etiologia , Brasil , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações , Traduções , Comparação Transcultural , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Resumo: O trabalho explora comentários online no jornal "O Dia" dos dias subsequentes ao assassinato de Marielle Franco e Anderson Gomes e analisa a expressão da polarização nesse material. Recorremos aos estudos de polarização de Martín-Baró, Lozada, Villa Gómez e à perspectiva de Moscovici e Jodelet sobre pensamento social. Foram reunidos 1330 comentários de 40 matérias, submetidos ao programa IRaMuTeQ e análises de conteúdo complementares. As classes encontradas trataram das duas vítimas, do assassinato e de outras mortes, menos cotadas; das homenagens; da segurança pública, da política e da desigualdade/precariedade do trabalho. Os principais achados foram os indícios de representação social do crime e de Marielle; a negação da existência do racismo; indícios de que a polarização, além dos extremos, tem outros tons e intensidades; a polarização assimétrica, predominando o polo conservador; e a direita como possível minoria ativa que tenta influenciar a mudança do senso comum em marcha.
Resumen: Este trabajo explora comentarios en línea del diario "O Dia" en los días subsecuentes al asesinato de Marielle Franco y Anderson Gomesy analiza la expresión de la polarización en este material. Recurrimos a los estudios sobre polarización de Martín-Baró, Lozada, Villa Gómez y a la perspectiva de Moscovici y Jodelet acerca del pensamiento social. Se reunieron 1330 comentarios de 40 materias, sometidos a IRaMuTeQ y a un análisis de contenido complementario. Las clases detectadas tratan de las dos víctimas, del asesinato y de otras muertes, menos estimadas; los homenajes; la seguridad pública, la política y la desigualdad/precariedad del trabajo. Los hallazgos más sugerentes fueron los indicios de representación social del crimen y de Marielle; la negación de la existencia del racismo; los indicios de que la polarización, más allá de los extremos, tiene otros tonos e intensidades; la polarización asimétrica, predominando el polo conservador; y la derecha como posible minoría activa que intenta influenciar el cambio del sentido común en marcha.
Abstract: This paper analyzes on line comments from Brazilian newspaper "O Dia" following the murder of Marielle Franco and Anderson Gomes. Analyze polarization in this material. Analysis was based on polarization studies by Martín-Baró, Lozada, Villa Gómez, besides those on social thinking by Moscovici and Jodelet. 1330 comments from 40 articles were submitted to the IRaMuTeQ software and complementary content analyses. The content analysis pointed out the categories: characterization of the victim, of the death, of the killer, and showed how they interconnect. Polarization centered on the city's problems, and issues such as human rights and same sex marriage, with a conservative bias. The most thought-provoking findings were the denials of the existence of racism; discrete indications that polarization has various tones and intensities; the asymmetric polarization, with a predominance on the conservative pole; and the right wing as a possible active minority that tries to influence the change of common sense in progress.
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Producing of extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) containing pleasant sensory notes depends on fruits quality and production process and is strongly associated with their classification that is based on aroma and sensory taste. Consolidated as an efficient method, the direct headspace solid phase microextraction technique (HS-SPME) was utilized to characterize the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) profile, which contributes to the aroma of olive oils from southwestern (Serra da Mantiqueira region) and southern (Campanha Gaúcha region) Brazil. In this work, the relationship between the VOCs and sensory characteristics has been established; 19 EVOO samples (12 from Campanha Gaúcha and 7 from Serra da Mantiqueira) were studied. Indeed, the main volatile compounds were analyzed and grouped by their classification as well stood up with the trained sensorial panel perceptions. Relevant correlation between artichoke notes and ripe EVOO and between herbaceous notes and green EVOO was found. Additional correlations were observed for C5 and C6 VOCs with green and fruit/floral notes. The results denote the high quality among the samples and imply that besides the genetic factor, ripe or green classification influenced the volatile composition. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: As the Brazilian olive oil production is increasing, knowing about different sensory characteristics and its correlation with the volatile compounds of extra virgin olive oil represents a good tool to improve the quality. Moreover, the application of direct SPME method was possible evidence in the differentiation of ripe and green olive oils, beyond the production region and in consonance with its sensory notes and characteristics.
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Azeite de Oliva/química , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/química , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/isolamento & purificação , Brasil , Frutas/química , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Humanos , Odorantes/análise , Olea/química , Microextração em Fase Sólida/métodos , PaladarRESUMO
RESUMO A violência provocada por parceiro íntimo é reconhecida mundialmente como um problema de saúde pública. Investigaram-se a prevalência e os fatores associados a esse tipo de violência em 470 mulheres usuárias da Atenção Primária à Saúde, em um município da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Trata-se de estudo transversal, utilizando distribuições de frequência e teste Qui-quadrado de inúmeras variáveis e regressão logística final. Os resultados apontam que a violência contra a mulher é um fenômeno de alta frequência e pode estar associado à baixa escolaridade e ao consumo de álcool. A Atenção Primária à Saúde é um dos locais mais procurados pelas mulheres em situação de violência. Assim, é fundamental que os profissionais de saúde se envolvam no combate à violência contra a mulher.
ABSTRACT Violence caused by an intimate partner is recognized worldwide as a public health problem. It was investigated the prevalence and factors associated with this kind of violence in 470 women users of Primary Health Care, in a municipality of the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. This is a cross-sectional study, using frequency distributions and Chi-square test of several variables and final logistic regression. The results indicate that violence against women is a high frequency phenomenon and can be associated to low education and alcohol consumption. Primary Health Care is one of the most required places by women in situation of violence. Therefore, is fundamental that health professionals become involved in combating violence against women.
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Vale dos Vinhedos appellation of origin has a very recent history as industrial wine making region. In this study we investigated the genetic and phenotypic variability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from South-Brazilian vineyards in order to evaluate strain fermentation aptitude and copper and sulphites tolerance. Merlot grape bunches were collected from three vineyards and yeast isolation was performed after single bunch fermentation. High genotypic variability was found and most of the genotypes revealed to be vine-specific. No industrial strain dissemination was present in the sampled vineyards, although it has been wildly reported in traditional winemaking countries. From the phenotypic traits analysis these Brazilian native strains showed good fermentation performances, good tolerance to sulphites and, in particular, a high copper tolerance level. Copper is the most important metal in the formulation of fungicides against downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola), one of the most harmful disease of the vines, and other fungal pests. The high tolerance to copper suggests an environmental adaptation to the strong use of copper-based fungicides, requested by the wet subtropical climate.
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Variação Genética , Genótipo , Fenótipo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/fisiologia , Agricultura , Brasil , Cobre/toxicidade , Sulfato de Cobre/toxicidade , DNA Fúngico/genética , Tolerância a Medicamentos , Fazendas , Fermentação , Fungicidas Industriais/química , Fungicidas Industriais/toxicidade , Genes Fúngicos , Mapeamento Geográfico , Sulfeto de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Sulfeto de Hidrogênio/toxicidade , Cinética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/efeitos dos fármacos , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/isolamento & purificação , Dióxido de Enxofre/toxicidade , Vitis/química , Vitis/microbiologia , Vinho/microbiologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine nasalance values for syllables produced by Brazilian Portuguese speakers of different ages and gender. METHODS: Nasalance scores were collected for 14 syllables (10 orals and 4 nasals) using Nasometer II 6400. The participants were 245 Brazilian Portuguese speakers (121 males and 124 females), both genders, divided into four age groups: 57 children, 61 adolescents, 65 young adults and 62 adults. RESULTS: Nasalance scores for nasal syllables were higher than for oral syllables. For both, oral and nasal syllables, nasalance scores were higher for vowel /i/ than for /a/. Across all syllables, the females' nasalance scores were higher than males, with most of this difference attributed to the oldest age group where females mean nasalance was three points higher than males. CONCLUSION: Values obtained demonstrated nasalance scores variation according to gender, particularly for the adult group and for the syllables tested.
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Acústica da Fala , Medida da Produção da Fala , Fala/fisiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Brasil , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Nariz , Valores de Referência , Fatores Sexuais , Adulto JovemRESUMO
RESUMO Objetivo o objetivo do estudo foi estabelecer valores de nasalância para sílabas produzidas por falantes do Português Brasileiro com diferentes idades e sexo. Métodos Participaram deste estudo 245 falantes do Português Brasileiro (121 do sexo masculino e 124 do sexo feminino), de ambos os sexos, divididos em quatro grupos de idade: 57 crianças, 61 adolescentes, 65 adultos jovens e 62 adultos. Valores de nasalância foram obtidos para um conjunto de 14 sílabas (dez orais e quatro nasais), utilizando o Nasômetro II 6400. Resultados Valores de nasalância mais altos foram encontrados para sílabas nasais quando comparadas às orais e para as sílabas constituídas pela vogal /i/ quando comparadas com a vogal /a/. Valores de nasalância mais altos foram obtidos para mulheres quando comparados aos dos homens e, particularmente, para os adultos. Conclusão Valores de nasalância das sílabas produzidas por falantes do Português Brasileiro demonstraram variação quanto às sílabas investigadas e também para variável sexo para falantes adultos.
ABSTRACT Purpose This study aimed to determine nasalance values for syllables produced by Brazilian Portuguese speakers of different ages and gender. Methods Nasalance scores were collected for 14 syllables (10 orals and 4 nasals) using Nasometer II 6400. The participants were 245 Brazilian Portuguese speakers (121 males and 124 females), both genders, divided into four age groups: 57 children, 61 adolescents, 65 young adults and 62 adults. Results Nasalance scores for nasal syllables were higher than for oral syllables. For both, oral and nasal syllables, nasalance scores were higher for vowel /i/ than for /a/. Across all syllables, the females’ nasalance scores were higher than males, with most of this difference attributed to the oldest age group where females mean nasalance was three points higher than males. Conclusion Values obtained demonstrated nasalance scores variation according to gender, particularly for the adult group and for the syllables tested.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Fala/fisiologia , Acústica da Fala , Medida da Produção da Fala , Valores de Referência , Brasil , Fatores Sexuais , Nariz , Fatores EtáriosRESUMO
Problems related to alcohol and other substance abuse are on a steady rise. Certain controversial measures currently aim at immediate solutions, such as the public funding of therapeutic communities. The article draws comparisons between the legacy of early twentieth-century public health practices in psychoactive substance abuse and current proposals for intervention through therapeutic communities. The study researched primary sources from the perspective of historical materialism. Historically produced by society as a whole, problems stemming from substance abuse continue to place the greatest burden on users, the people around them, and public health.
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Saúde Pública/história , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/história , Comunidade Terapêutica , Alcoolismo/história , Alcoolismo/terapia , História do Século XX , Humanos , Política Pública/história , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/terapiaRESUMO
Resumo Problemas decorrentes do uso/abuso de álcool e outras drogas agravam-se continuamente. Existem, atualmente, medidas polêmicas que visam a soluções imediatas, como o financiamento público das comunidades terapêuticas. Analisam-se, aqui, possíveis aproximações do legado higienista do início do século XX em questões que envolvem o uso/abuso de substâncias psicoativas com as propostas de intervenção das comunidades terapêuticas atuais. Realizou-se pesquisa com fontes primárias, inspirada na vertente do materialismo histórico. Entende-se que os problemas decorrentes do uso/abuso de drogas continuam deixando o ônus maior aos usuários, às pessoas ao redor e à saúde pública.
Abstract Problems related to alcohol and other substance abuse are on a steady rise. Certain controversial measures currently aim at immediate solutions, such as the public funding of therapeutic communities. The article draws comparisons between the legacy of early twentieth-century public health practices in psychoactive substance abuse and current proposals for intervention through therapeutic communities. The study researched primary sources from the perspective of historical materialism. Historically produced by society as a whole, problems stemming from substance abuse continue to place the greatest burden on users, the people around them, and public health.
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Humanos , História do Século XX , Comunidade Terapêutica , Saúde Pública/história , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/história , Política Pública/história , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/terapia , Alcoolismo/história , Alcoolismo/terapiaRESUMO
Problemas decorrentes do uso/abuso de álcool e outras drogas agravam-se continuamente. Existem, atualmente, medidas polêmicas que visam a soluções imediatas, como o financiamento público das comunidades terapêuticas. Analisam-se, aqui, possíveis aproximações do legado higienista do início do século XX em questões que envolvem o uso/abuso de substâncias psicoativas com as propostas de intervenção das comunidades terapêuticas atuais. Realizou-se pesquisa com fontes primárias, inspirada na vertente do materialismo histórico. Entende-se que os problemas decorrentes do uso/abuso de drogas continuam deixando o ônus maior aos usuários, às pessoas ao redor e à saúde pública.(AU)
Problems related to alcohol and other substance abuse are on a steady rise. Certain controversial measures currently aim at immediate solutions, such as the public funding of therapeutic communities. The article draws comparisons between the legacy of early twentieth-century public health practices in psychoactive substance abuse and current proposals for intervention through therapeutic communities. The study researched primary sources from the perspective of historical materialism. Historically produced by society as a whole, problems stemming from substance abuse continue to place the greatest burden on users, the people around them, and public health.(AU)
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Humanos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Política Pública , Saúde Mental , Atenção à SaúdeRESUMO
INTRODUÇÃO: O triatlo Ironman é uma prova de longa duração em que comumente se observam alterações hidroeletrolíticas. A desidratação e hiponatremia são prevalentes e o diagnóstico diferencial entre elas deve levar em conta a variação de peso corporal do atleta. Contudo, deve-se considerar também que as variações são um somatório de fontes hídricas e não hídricas, sendo necessário aplicar um fator de correção para avaliação do real estado hídrico do atleta. Objetivo: Avaliar o estado hídrico do atleta baseado nas variações de peso corporal sem e com aplicação de fator de correção.MÉTODO: Vinte e seis atletas foram pesados em três momentos distintos (dois dias antes da prova, imediatamente antes e após a realização). O estado hídrico foi classificado com base no cálculo da variação percentual de peso corporal isolado e com aplicação do fator de correção de 1 kg proporcional ao atleta de 70 kg. Além disso, foram registrados os principais sinais clínicos e sintomas referidos.RESULTADOS: Nas 48 horas que antecederam a largada houve um ganho médio de peso de 1,2 kg. Após a prova, vinte e três (88,4%) atletas foram classificados como desidratados inicialmente, porém após a aplicação do fator de correção à variação do peso, esse número caiu para 12 (46,1%). Dos classificados como desidratação severa houve redução de 7 (26,2%) para nenhum atleta. Dez atletas (3,8%) apresentaram sinais e sintomas de desidratação.CONCLUSÃO: A classificação do estado de hidratação baseado nas perdas hídricas durante a prova foi significativamente modificado pela aplicação do fator de correção, sendo sua utilização justificada pelas evidências de que o ganho de peso nas 48 horas anteriores à prova está possivelmente relacionado ao acúmulo muscular de glicogênio e água (fontes não hídricas intravasculares).
INTRODUCTION: The Ironman Triathlon is a long-lasting competition where commonly electrolyte changes are observed. Dehydration and hyponatremia are prevalent and the differential diagnosis between them should take into account the body weight variation of the athlete. Nevertheless, one should also consider that variations are a summation of water and no-water sources, being necessary to apply a correction factor to evaluate the real water condition of the athlete. Objective: To evaluate the water condition of the athlete based on body weight changes with and without correction factor applied.METHOD: Twenty-six athletes were weighed in three different times (two days before the competition, immediately before and after performance). The water was classified by calculating the percentage of isolated body weight variation and application of correction factor of 1kg proportional to the athlete of 70kg. In addition, the main clinical signs and symptoms were recorded.RESULTS: In the 48 hours before the start there was an average weight gain of 1.2kg. After the race, 23 (88.4%) athletes were classified as dehydrated initially but after applying the correction factor to the weight change, this number dropped to 12 (46.1%). Those classified as severe dehydration decreased by 7 (26.2%) to no athlete. Ten athletes (3.8%) presented signs and symptoms of dehydration.CONCLUSION: The classification of hydration status based on water loss during the race was significantly modified by the application of the correction factor, and its use is justified by evidence that weight gain within 48 hours prior to the race is possibly related to the muscle glycogen and water accumulation (no intravascular water sources).
INTRODUCCIÓN: El triatlón Ironman es una prueba de larga duración en la que se observan comúnmente alteraciones hidroelectrolíticas. La deshidratación e hiponatremia son prevalentes y el diagnóstico diferencial entre éstas debe llevar en cuenta la variación de peso corporal del atleta. Sin embargo, se debe considerar también que las variaciones son una sumatoria de fuentes hídricas y no hídricas siendo necesario aplicar un factor de corrección para evaluación del real estado hídrico del atleta. Objetivo: Evaluar el estado hídrico del atleta con base en las variaciones de peso corporal sin y con aplicación de factor de corrección.MÉTODO: Veintiséis atletas fueron pesados en tres momentos distintos (dos días antes de la prueba, inmediatamente antes y después de la realización de la misma). El estado hídrico fue clasificado con base en el cálculo de la variación porcentual de peso corporal aislado y con aplicación del factor de corrección de 1 kg proporcional al atleta de 70 kg. Además, fueron registradas las principales señales clínicas y síntomas referidos.RESULTADOS: En las 48 horas que antecedieron a la largada hubo un aumento medio de peso de 1,2 kg. Después de la prueba, veintitrés (88,4%) atletas fueron clasificados como deshidratados inicialmente, aunque después de la aplicación del factor de corrección a la variación de peso, ese número cayó para 12 (46,1%). Y de los clasificados como deshidratación severa hubo reducción de 7 (26,2%) para ningún atleta. Diez atletas (3,8%) presentaron señales y síntomas de deshidratación.CONCLUSIÓN: La clasificación del estado de hidratación con base en las pérdidas hídricas durante la prueba fue significativamente modificada por la aplicación del factor de corrección, siendo su uso justificado por las evidencias de que el aumento de peso en las 48 horas antes de la prueba está posiblemente relacionado a la acumulación muscular de glicógeno y agua (fuentes no hídricas intravasculares).
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The purpose of the present study was to compare two protocols for equine frozen semen programs using either postovulation insemination or fixed-time insemination (FT), evaluating both pregnancy rates and intrauterine fluid (IUF) accumulation after artificial insemination with semen obtained from either highly or poorly fertile stallions. Six ejaculates from two stallions (n = 12) were processed. After thawing, semen samples were evaluated by computerized semen analysis. Fifteen mares (30 cycles) were inseminated with frozen semen from highly fertile stallion A, and 14 mares (28 cycles) were inseminated with frozen semen from poorly fertile stallion B. Ovulations were induced with 1 mg (intramuscular) of deslorelin acetate after the observation of a greater than 35 mm follicle and uterine edema. In postovulation insemination group, mares were inseminated once with 800 × 10(6) total sperm in a maximum 6-hour interval after ovulation. In FT group, mares were inseminated twice with 400 × 10(6) total sperm, 24 and 40 hours after induction. Mares were ultrasonographically examined for IUF accumulation 24 hours and for pregnancy diagnosis 14 days after the last insemination. Although IUF accumulation was more evident in mares inseminated once postovulation, pregnancy rates were similar for both protocols, regardless of the stallion, although a significant effect of the stallion was observed. These results indicated that FTs may be used for both highly and poorly fertile stallions as a practical tool to help spreading the use of frozen semen in equine reproduction programs.
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Cruzamento/métodos , Cavalos/fisiologia , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Animais , Criopreservação , Feminino , Infertilidade Masculina , Inseminação Artificial/métodos , Masculino , Indução da Ovulação/veterinária , Gravidez , Taxa de Gravidez , Preservação do Sêmen , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
This work presents bibliographic data on the role and function of microbial diversity. The increasing use of probiotics and prebiotics foods has led to the studies on their actual functions in the human body. It is known that in the environment, microorganisms are extremely important in recycling of nutrients, balance of trophic chains, vital physiological activities in the plants and animals, as well as the conservation of natural habitats. In human food, these microscopic organisms contribute from flavoring products to the synthesis of antimicrobial substances and vitamins essential to living beings.
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OBJECTIVE: Normative data were established for newly developed speech materials for nasalance assessment in Brazilian Portuguese. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nasalance scores of preexisting passages (oral ZOO-BR, low-pressure oral ZOO-BR2 and NASAL-BR), new nasalance passages (oral Dudu no zoológico, oral Dudu no bosque, oral-nasal O cãozinho Totó and nasal O nenê) and Brasilcleft articulation screening sentences were collected from 245 speakers of Brazilian Portuguese, including 121 males and 124 females, divided into 4 groups: children (5-9 years), adolescents (10-19 years), young adults (20-24 years) and adults (25-35 years). RESULTS: Across all nasalance passages, adult females scored on average 2 percentage points higher than males. Children scored 2-4 percentage points lower than older groups for the preexisting nasalance passages ZOO-BR and ZOO-BR2. Nasalance scores for the new nasalance passages were not significantly different from the preexisting passages. Scores for high-pressure sentences did not differ significantly from the oral nasalance passage Dudu no bosque. CONCLUSION: The nasalance scores for the new nasalance passages were equivalent to the preexisting materials. The new shortened and simplified nasalance passages will be useful for assessing young children. Normative scores for the Brasilcleft high-pressure sentences were equivalent to the new oral passage Dudu no bosque.
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Transtornos da Articulação/diagnóstico , Fissura Palatina/diagnóstico , Idioma , Fonética , Espectrografia do Som , Acústica da Fala , Distúrbios da Fala/diagnóstico , Medida da Produção da Fala , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Transtornos da Articulação/classificação , Brasil , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Valores de Referência , Fatores Sexuais , Distúrbios da Fala/classificação , Adulto JovemRESUMO
This study compared marine debris ingestion of the coastal dolphins Pontoporia blainvillei and Sotalia guianensis in a sympatric area in Atlantic Ocean. Among the 89 stomach contents samples of P. blainvillei, 14 (15.7%) contained marine debris. For S. guianensis, 77 stomach contents samples were analyzed and only one of which (1.30%) contained marine debris. The debris recovered was plastic material: nylon yarns and flexible plastics. Differences in feeding habits between the coastal dolphins were found to drive their differences regarding marine debris ingestion. The feeding activity of P. blainvillei is mainly near the sea bottom, which increases its chances of ingesting debris deposited on the seabed. In contrast, S. guianensis has a near-surface feeding habit. In the study area, the seabed is the main zone of accumulation of debris, and species with some degree of association with the sea bottom may be local bioindicators of marine debris pollution.
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Golfinhos/psicologia , Comportamento Alimentar , Conteúdo Gastrointestinal , Resíduos/análise , Animais , Oceano Atlântico , Brasil , Ingestão de Alimentos , Monitoramento Ambiental , Feminino , Masculino , Plásticos/análise , Especificidade da Espécie , Simpatria , Resíduos/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
INTRODUÇÃO: Paralisia cerebral é um distúrbio caracterizado por alterações no desenvolvimento da atividade, do movimento e da postura. O Conceito Neuroevolutivo Bobath é um método utilizado na reabilitação neuropediátrica, fundamentando-se na facilitação da aquisição de habilidades sensório-motoras de acordo com a sequência de desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor normal. OBJETIVO: Verificar atividade eletromiográfica de músculos envolvidos no controle cervical nos planos frontal, sagital e transverso, mediante manuseio em pontos-chave de controle, objetivando transferência de peso e estabilização corporal. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma avaliação quantitativa em um estudo de caso, no qual uma paciente de sete anos de idade, com diagnóstico clínico de paralisia cerebral e síndrome de West, foi submetida à análise eletromiográfica da musculatura envolvida no controle cervical, mediante manuseio em pontos-chave de controle. O registo ocorreu durante o manuseio utilizando postura de decúbito ventral sobre cunha e postura de decúbito lateral sobre o solo. RESULTADOS: O sinal eletromiográfico dos extensores e flexores na região cervical intensificou-se mediante manuseio para transferência de peso em ponto-chave de quadril em ambas as posturas. Embora o sinal de base tenha sido ampliado durante a transferência de peso para o quadril, o registro eletromiográfico nos segmentos musculares avaliados foi superior no decúbito lateral. CONCLUSÕES: Verificou-se que a transferência de peso para o quadril induziu facilitação do controle cervical e que o decúbito lateral de forma repetida e sustentada, mediante correto manuseio, alinhamento e transferência de peso, facilitou de forma mais pronunciada a atividade muscular na região cervical e de tronco superior do que o manuseio em decúbito ventral sobre a cunha.
INTRODUCTION: Cerebral palsy is a disorder characterized by an abnormal activity, movement and posture development. The Bobath concept is one of the most used methods for the neuropediatric rehabilitation and is based on the acquisition of sensorimotor skills according to the normal sequence of the psychomotor development. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we explore the relationship between electromyographic signal (EMG) in muscles involved in the cervical control in the frontal, sagittal and transversal planes and facilitation techniques using key points of control, which is part of the Bobath approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The methodology was quantitative applied in a case study of one child, seven years old, with Cerebral palsy and West syndrome diagnosis. The surface EMG activity of muscle groups involved in the cervical control (extensors, flexors and lateral flexors) was collected under therapeutic handling using key points of control in ventral decubitus on the wedge and in lateral decubitus along 5 seconds. RESULTS: The EMG signal from extensors and flexors muscles was augmented under therapeutic handling for weight bearing using the hip joint as key point of control in both decubitus. Although the EMG basal signal in the ventral position had been intensified during the weight bearing, the EMG activity was higher when the handling was performed using the lateral position. CONCLUSION: We concluded that the therapeutic handling for weigh bearing using the hip joint as key point of control induced the facilitation of cervical control. The use of the lateral position as well as the repetition of this position in a maintained way, since the correct alignment position is observed, should be able to induce higher facilitation of cervical control than weigh bearing in ventral position on the wedge.
RESUMO
Cistos conjuntivais em cavidades anoftálmicas podem ter implicações funcionais e estéticas negativas para os pacientes. Dentre as opções terapêuticas disponíveis, o uso do ácido tricloroacético é relativamente recente. Os casos relatados apresentaram boa evolução após 30 dias do tratamento, sendo bem tolerado pelos pacientes e possibilitando maior preservação de tecido conjuntival...
Conjunctival cysts in anophthalmic socket may have functional and aesthetic implications for the patients.Among the available treatment options, the use of trichloroacetic acid is relatively recent. Our reported cases showed a good outcome after 30 days of treatment, that was well tolerated by patients, with greater conjunctival tissue preservation...
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ácido Tricloroacético/administração & dosagem , Ácido Tricloroacético/uso terapêutico , Cáusticos/administração & dosagem , Cáusticos/uso terapêutico , Cistos/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças da Túnica Conjuntiva/tratamento farmacológico , Evisceração do Olho , Olho Artificial , Injeções IntralesionaisRESUMO
A violência contra a mulher ocorre em todo o mundo. Tem chamado a atenção, provocando discussões em diversos âmbitos da sociedade. As mulheres experimentam, ao longo da vida, vários tipos de violência como agressões verbais, físicas e sexuais, que podem ser cometidas pelo parceiro ou ex-parceiro, familiares, conhecidos ou estranhos. A violência contra a mulher pode causar danos físicos graves, incapacidades físicas permanentes e óbitos, além de problemas psicológicos causados indiretamente pela agressão, como transtornos mentais. São fatores de risco para a violência sexual praticada pelo parceiro íntimo a baixa escolaridade, a pobreza, vários parceiros sexuais e o uso nocivo do álcool. Para o enfrentamento da violência contra a mulher precisamos avançar tanto na prevenção como na organização de serviços de saúde. Desde 2003, no Brasil, é obrigatória a notificação compulsória, de casos de violência contra a mulher, nos serviços públicos e privados. Os ginecologistas podem, e devem, se integrar aos diversos profissionais que estudam o problema, pois têm, no seu cotidiano, a oportunidade de tomar conhecimento das agressões no ambiente familiar ou fora dele. Este artigo se propõe a realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre a violência infligida contra a mulher, destacando a violência doméstica, especificamente a violência sexual provocada por parceiro íntimo.
Violence against women occurs worldwide. It has drawn attention, leading discussions in different areas of society. Women experience, lifelong, various types of violence such as verbal, physical and sexual, which may be committed by their husband, relatives, acquaintances or strangers. Violence against women can cause serious body harm, permanent disabilities and deaths, and psychological problems caused indirectly by aggression, as mental disorders. There are risk factors for sexual violence caused by intimate partner the poor education, poverty, multiple sexual partners and harmful use of alcohol. To confront violence against women is need to advance in both prevention and organization of health services. Since 2003 in Brazil is mandatory to report the cases of violence against women in public and private services. Gynecologists can, and should, integrate themselves to the various professionals who study the problem because they have in their daily lives, the opportunity to become aware of aggression in the family or outside. This article proposes to conduct a review of the literature about violence inflicted against women, highlighting domestic violence, specifically sexual violence caused by an intimate partner.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Violência Doméstica , Maus-Tratos Conjugais , Violência contra a Mulher , Alcoolismo , Escolaridade , Notificação de Abuso , Pobreza , Parceiros Sexuais/psicologia , Fatores de Risco , Serviços de Saúde da Mulher/organização & administração , Transtornos Mentais/etiologiaRESUMO
The occurrence of a high incidence of sperm tail defects in a male domestic cat resembling the known 'Dag-like' defect is reported. Sperm analyses were performed in ejaculated samples collected by an artificial vagina and in testicular and epididymal sperm cells after castration. The following alterations were observed using transmission electron microscope: heavily coiled sperm tails containing several axonemal units enclosed in the same common cell membrane; aberrations in the axonemal main structure; and swollen and unevenly distributed mitochondria in the midpiece. Abnormal modifications in the mitochondrial sheath were also found in sperm cells retrieved from testes and epididymides. Considering these findings, we can conclude that this is the Dag-like defect, described previously in other domestic species and a testicular origin may be involved.