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The growth of international trade, coupled with an expansion of large-scale pine plantations in South America during the second half of the twentieth century, has significantly increased the opportunities for the invasion of forest insects. Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) are a large and diverse group of insects, commonly recognized as one of the most important tree mortality agents in coniferous forests worldwide and an important group among invasive forest species. In this study, we combined data from field sampling with published records of established non-native pine bark beetles, to describe their distribution and invasion history in pine plantations across southern South America, reviewing the available information on their phenology and host range. We obtained records of established populations of six Eurasian species distributed in two major regions: the southwest region comprises plantations in Chile and the Argentine Patagonia, with four bark beetle species: Hylastes ater, Hylastes linearis, Hylurgus ligniperda, and Orthotomicus laricis; the northeastern zone includes northeastern Argentina, Uruguay, and southern Brazil, and includes three bark beetle species: Cyrtogenius luteus, H. ligniperda, and O. erosus. The establishment of non-native populations across the study area began in the 1950s, and from the 1980s onwards, there has been an exponential increase in introductions. We predict that several of these species will continue spreading across South America and that new species will continue arriving. We highlight the importance of international collaboration for early detection and management of non-native pine bark beetles.
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Besouros , Pinus , Gorgulhos , Animais , Comércio , Casca de Planta , Internacionalidade , Espécies Introduzidas , ChileRESUMO
The layered transition-metal dichalcogenide material 1T-TaS2 possesses successive phase transitions upon cooling, resulting in strong electron-electron correlation effects and the formation of charge density waves (CDWs). Recently, a dimerized double-layer stacking configuration was shown to form a Peierls-like instability in the electronic structure. To date, no direct evidence for this double-layer stacking configuration using optical techniques has been reported, in particular through Raman spectroscopy. Here, we employ a multiple excitation and polarized Raman spectroscopy to resolve the behavior of phonons and electron-phonon interactions in the commensurate CDW lattice phase of dimerized 1T-TaS2. We observe a distinct behavior from what is predicted for a single layer and probe a richer number of phonon modes that are compatible with the formation of double-layer units (layer dimerization). The multiple-excitation results show a selective coupling of each Raman-active phonon with specific electronic transitions hidden in the optical spectra of 1T-TaS2, suggesting that selectivity in the electron-phonon coupling must also play a role in the CDW order of 1T-TaS2.
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Resumo: Introdução: Os universitários de Ciências da Saúde se tornaram especialmente afetados pela pandemia do vírus Sars-CoV-2. As angústias intrinsicamente relacionadas à Covid-19 foram somadas aos impactos referentes às mudanças acontecidas nas instituições acadêmicas, particularmente a mudança para o ensino on-line, uma metodologia que pode gerar desconforto aos estudantes, além de vários obstáculos relacionados ao ensino e à aprendizagem, o que pode ter repercussões traumáticas importantes na saúde mental dessa população. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a carga mental provocada pela pandemia da Covid-19, como um evento traumático ao ponto de desencadear transtornos psiquiátricos, como o transtorno do estresse pós-traumático (Tept), em universitários. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal e quantitativo, com orientação analítico-descritiva, mediante preenchimento de formulário digital anônimo, iniciado após prévia aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Os sujeitos foram estudantes de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde de uma universidade estadual localizada na Região Sudeste do Brasil. A amostra foi constituída por 618 estudantes. Resultado: Foram respondidos 618 formulários pelos estudantes que pertenciam aos cursos de Educação Física (28,8%), Medicina (25,4%), Odontologia (18,1%), Ciências Biológicas (15,2%) e Enfermagem (12,5%). A presença de sintomas de estresse pós-traumático verificados pela Escala de Impacto do Evento-Revisada (IES-R) obteve prevalência de 32,7% (n = 202) entre os estudantes universitários das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde. Conclusão: Houve impacto significativo na saúde mental dos universitários com presença de sintomas depressivos, ansiedade e estresse acima dos encontrados na literatura científica, e, consequentemente, constatou-se alta na prevalência do Tept.
Abstract: Introduction: Health Sciences university students were especially affected by the Sars-CoV-2 virus pandemic. The anxieties intrinsically related to Covid-19 were added to the impacts related to the changes that have taken place in academic institutions, particularly the change to online teaching, a methodology that can generate discomfort for students, in addition to several obstacles related to teaching and learning, which can have important traumatic effects on the mental health of this population. Objective: To assess the mental health burden caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, as a traumatic event capable of triggering psychiatric disorders, such as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), in university students. Methods: This is a cross-sectional and quantitative study, of analytical-descriptive nature, carried out by filling out an anonymous digital form, initiated after prior approval by the Research Ethics Committee. The subjects were students of Biological and Health Sciences at a State University located in the southeastern region of Brazil. The sample consisted of 618 students. Results: 618 forms were answered by students attending the courses of Physical Education (28.8%), Medicine (25.4%), Dentistry (18.1%), Biological Sciences (15.2%) and Nursing (12.5%). The presence of post-traumatic stress symptoms assessed by the Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES-R) obtained a prevalence of 32.7% (n = 202) among university students from Biological and Health Sciences courses. Conclusions: There was a significant impact on the mental health of university students, with the presence of depressive symptoms, anxiety and stress above those found in the scientific literature and, consequently, a high prevalence of PTSD.
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BACKGROUND: We present outcomes of patients with SARS-CoV-2 undergoing appendectomy in order to aid in clarification of current controversies regarding safety of therapeutic options for emergency surgical diseases in patients with SARS-CoV-2. Peru has the greatest number of per capita deaths due to SARS-CoV-2 of any country and is one of few with a COVID-dedicated hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective observational study included all adult patients with acute appendicitis admitted to an urban, public, COVID-dedicated hospital over two months. Baseline characteristics and post-operative outcomes at 28 days are reported. RESULTS: 58 patients, 35 male and 23 female, ages 15-73 years with SARS-CoV-2 as diagnosed by IgM (12%), IgG (19%) or both (69%) and acute appendicitis as diagnosed using the Alvarado Score and confirmed intraoperatively were enrolled. All patients presented with right lower quadrant pain, 86% with leukocytosis, 88% with nausea/emesis and no patients with respiratory complaints. All patients underwent open appendectomy, 90% under regional anesthesia. Average operative time was 54±25 min, length of stay 2.5±1.5 days. 14% of patients had a post-operative complication, all were minor, four (7%) incisional surgical site infections, one (2%) organ space, and three (5%) incisional seromas, no deaths or serious complications. CONCLUSION: Open surgical management of acute appendicitis with regional anesthesia in adults with pre-operative diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 is feasible and not associated with an increased frequency or severity of post-operative complications, longer operative time, or extended hospitalization as compared to reports in similar patients without SARS-CoV-2.
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Introduction: Breast cancer is a relevant public health issue, and its incidence has increased in patients aged less than 50 years. This population usually receives a late diagnosis, which contributes with the poor prognosis of the condition. Objective: To assess the percentage of patients diagnosed with breast cancer before the age of 50 and compare them with the group that was diagnosed after the age of 50. Results: The general mean age was 54 years; 75.68% of the patients were younger than 50 years, aged between 40 and 49 years. Among the ones who were younger than 50, 35.14% were in stage T4; 55.41% underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy; 16.22% presented distant metastasis; and 10.81%, locoregional metastasis. On the other hand, among those aged more than 50, 22.71% were in stage T4; 30.68% underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy; 11.36% presented distant metastasis; and 6.82%, locoregional metastasis. Conclusion: Breast cancer in women aged less than 50 years in a Mastology service in the Federal District has been a matter of concern, for presenting more advanced tumors at the time of diagnosis; screening is still debatable.
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Pellets refer to solid biofuels for heating and power. The pellet's integrity is of great relevant to ensure safe and effective transportation and storage, and comfort to stakeholders. Several materials that are supportive, whether organic and inorganic, to pellets exist. However, no work in the literature is linking making hybrid non-wood pellets with addition of residual biomass from distillation of cellulosic bioethanol, and this requires further investigations. Figuring out how effective this challenging agro-industrial residue could be for reinforcing non-wood pellets is accordingly the scientific point of this study focusing on management of waste and valorization of biomass. The pilot-scale manufacturing of hybrid pellets consisted of systematically pressing sugarcane bagasse with the lignocellulosic reinforcement at the mass ratios of 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3 on an automatic pelletizer machine at 200 MPa and 125 °C. Elemental contents of C and H, durability, and energy density all increased significantly from 50.05 to 53.50%, 5.95 to 7.80%, 95.90 to 99.55%, and 28.20 to 31.20 MJ kg-1, respectively, with blending the starting material with the reinforcement at 1:3. Preliminary evidence of residual biomass from distillation of second-generation bioethanol capable of highly improving molecular flammable/combustible properties, mechanical stability, and fuel power of composite non-wood pellets exist.
Assuntos
Biocombustíveis , Lignina/química , Biomassa , Carbono/química , Temperatura Alta , Hidrogênio/química , Oxigênio/química , Tamanho da Partícula , Pressão , Saccharum/químicaRESUMO
The bronze bug, Thaumastocoris peregrinus, an Australian native insect, has become a nearly worldwide invasive pest in the last 16 years and has been causing significant damage to eucalypts (Myrtaceae), including Eucalyptus spp. and Corymbia spp. Its rapid expansion leads to new questions about pathways and routes that T. peregrinus used to invade other continents and countries. We used mtDNA to characterize specimens of T. peregrinus collected from 10 countries where this species has become established, including six recently invaded countries: Chile, Israel, Mexico, Paraguay, Portugal, and the United States of America. We then combined our mtDNA data with previous data available from South Africa, Australia, and Europe to construct a world mtDNA network of haplotypes. Haplotype A was the most common present in all specimens of sites sampled in the New World, Europe, and Israel, however from Australia second more frequently. Haplotype D was the most common one from native populations in Australia. Haplotype A differs from the two major haplotypes found in South Africa (D and G), confirming that at least two independent invasions occurred, one from Australia to South Africa, and the other one from Australia to South America (A). In conclusion, Haplotype A has an invasion success over many countries in the World. Additionally, analyzing data from our work and previous reports, it is possible to suggest some invasive routes of T. peregrinus to predict such events and support preventive control measures.
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Heterópteros/genética , Animais , Ásia , Austrália , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Complexo IV da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/química , Complexo IV da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/genética , Europa (Continente) , Variação Genética , Haplótipos , Proteínas de Insetos/química , Proteínas de Insetos/genética , América do Norte , América do SulRESUMO
Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease caused by the protozoa Leishmania ssp. Environmental differences found by the parasites in the vector and the host are translated into cellular stress, leading to the production of heat shock proteins (Hsp). These are molecular chaperones involved in the folding of nascent proteins as well as in the regulation of gene expression, signalling events and proteostasis. Since Leishmania spp. use Hsp90 to trigger important transitions between their different stages of the life cycle, this protein family becomes a profitable target in anti-parasite drug discovery. In this work, we implemented a multidisciplinary strategy coupling molecular modelling with in vitro assays to identify small molecules able to inhibit Hsp90 from L. braziliensis (LbHsp90). Overall, we identified some compounds able to kill the promastigote form of the L. braziliensis, and to inhibit LbHsp90 ATPase activity.
Assuntos
Antiprotozoários/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP90/antagonistas & inibidores , Leishmania braziliensis/efeitos dos fármacos , Chaperonas Moleculares/farmacologia , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/farmacologia , Adenosina Trifosfatases/antagonistas & inibidores , Adenosina Trifosfatases/metabolismo , Antiprotozoários/síntese química , Antiprotozoários/química , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Descoberta de Drogas , Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP90/metabolismo , Leishmania braziliensis/química , Modelos Moleculares , Chaperonas Moleculares/síntese química , Chaperonas Moleculares/química , Estrutura Molecular , Testes de Sensibilidade Parasitária , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/síntese química , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/química , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Determining the role of defects in materials can be an important task both for the fundamental understanding of their influence on material properties and for future applications. In this work, we studied the influence of defects on the second harmonic generation (SHG) in hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). We characterized the sample by photoluminescence imaging and spectroscopy, showing strong and sharp photoluminescence emission at visible range from h-BN flakes due to single defect states. By doing second harmonic imaging, we found strong emission from the h-BN flakes that correlates spatially with the photoluminescence imaging. By doing polarization-resolved SHG, we found deviations from the expected polarization pattern in pristine h-BN samples. We also characterized the nonlinear optical susceptibility of h-BN with defects with a value of one order of magnitude larger than for pristine h-BN, which highlights the role of defects in the efficiency of SHG. Therefore defect engineering could be used as a potential tool for nonlinear optical signal enhancement.
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Cannabis , Drogas Ilícitas/legislação & jurisprudência , Adolescente , Brasil , Humanos , Abuso de Maconha , Fatores de RiscoAssuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Cannabis , Drogas Ilícitas/isolamento & purificação , Brasil , Abuso de Maconha , Fatores de RiscoAssuntos
Anestésicos Dissociativos/efeitos adversos , Cistite/induzido quimicamente , Ketamina/efeitos adversos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/complicações , Bexiga Urinária/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Cistite/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/diagnósticoAssuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Bexiga Urinária/efeitos dos fármacos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/complicações , Cistite/induzido quimicamente , Ketamina/efeitos adversos , Anestésicos Dissociativos/efeitos adversos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/diagnóstico , Cistite/diagnósticoRESUMO
Este estudo transversal quantitativo objetivou analisar a relação entre a percepção do adolescente sobre as atitudes parentais e sua tendência ao uso de substâncias psicoativas. Participaram 487 adolescentes brasileiros. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o Modelo Logístico Multinomial, sobre o qual se aplicou o método Stepwise para seleção de variáveis. O tabaco, o álcool e a maconha foram relacionados com as variáveis de maior influência no uso, abuso ou dependência. Verificou-se que um pai pouco afetivo, aumenta a chance de o filho ser dependente de tabaco (p = 0.001). A mãe sendo pouco afetiva tem maior possibilidade de ter um filho dependente do tabaco (p = 0.001). O controle do pai é um fator protetivo para a experimentação do tabaco (p = 0.023) e para a dependência da maconha (p = 0.042). A relação entre o uso de drogas na adolescência e a percepção que o jovem tem das atitudes de seus pais ficou evidenciada.
El objetivo de este estudio transversal cuantitativo fue analizar la relación entre la percepción del adolescente sobre su tendencia al uso de sustancias psicoactivas y las actitudes de sus padres. Participaron 487 adolescentes brasileños. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el Modelo Logístico Multinomial, en el que se aplicaba el método Stepwise para la selección de variables. El tabaco, el alcohol y la marihuana se relacionaron con las variables de mayor influencia en el uso, abuso y dependencia. Se encontró que un padre poco cariñoso aumenta la posibilidad de que el niño sea dependiente del tabaco (p = 0.001), al igual que una madre poco afectuosa tiene más probabilidades de tener un hijo dependiente del tabaco (p = 0.001). El control del padre es un factor protector para la experimentación del tabaco (p = 0.023) y para la dependencia de la marihuana (p = 0.042). Se puso de relieve la relación entre el consumo de las drogas en la adolescencia y la percepción que los jóvenes tienen de las actitudes de sus padres.
The aim of this quantitative cross-sectional study was to analyze the relationship between the perception of adolescents about their tendency to use psychoactive substances and their parents' attitudes. 487 Brazilian adolescents participated. For statistical analysis the Multinomial Logit Model was used, where the Stepwise method for selecting variables was applied. Tobacco, alcohol and marijuana were related to the variables of greatest influence on the use, abuse and dependence of these substances. Findings showed that an unloving father increases the possibility that the child becomes tobacco dependent (p = 0.001). An unloving mother is most likely to have a tobacco dependent child (p = 0.001). Father's control is a protective factor for experimenting with tobacco smoking (p = 0.023) and for marijuana dependence (p = 0.042). The relationship between substance consumption in adolescence and the perception young people have about their parents' attitudes was emphasized.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Adolescente , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de SubstânciasRESUMO
As curvas de acúmulo de nutrientes auxiliam na compreensão das demandas nutricionais de uma cultura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento e o acúmulo de macronutrientes pelos híbridos de sorgo sacarino CVSW80007, CVSW80147, CVSW82028, CVSW82158. O experimento foi conduzido em uma área de renovação de cana-de-açúcar no município de Uchoa-SP, sendo implantado em janeiro de 2012. As plantas foram coletadas em intervalos de 15 dias a partir do décimo dia após a emergência (DAE). O maior acúmulo de matéria seca, N, P, Mg e S, foi obtido pela cultivar CVSW82028, enquanto a CVSW82158 extraiu a maior quantidade de K e a CVSW80147, de Ca. Os colmos representaram o maior percentual de matéria seca e nutrientes acumulados, com exceção do nitrogênio e do fósforo, em que os grãos corresponderam a maior porcentagem do total absorvido. As cultivares CVSW80007, CVSW82028 e CVSW82158 apresentaram a seguinte ordem decrescente de extração de nutrientes: N>K>Ca>Mg>P>S e a CVSW80147, K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S. Considerando apenas colmo, a ordem decrescente de exportação de nutrientes é a mesma para todas as cultivares: K>N>Ca>Mg>S>P. No entanto, a sequência decrescente de exportação de nutrientes considerando colmos e grãos, é para as cultivares CVSW80007, CVSW80147 e CVSW82158: K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S e K>N>Mg>Ca>P>S para a CVSW82028.(AU)
Nutrient accumulation curves help us understand the nutritional demands of a crop. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth and accumulation of macronutrients by the sweet sorghum cultivars CVSW80007, CVSW80147, CVSW82028, CVSW82158. The experiment was conducted in a renewal sugarcane ratoon area at Uchoa county, SP, being deployed in January 2012. The plants were collected in 15 days intervals from the 10th after emergence (DAE). The greatest content of dry matter, N, P, Mg and S, was due to by the CVSW82028 cultivar, while the CVSW82158 extract the greatest amount of K and the CVSW80147 of Ca. The stalks represented the highs percentage of dry matter and nutrient content, except nitrogen and phosphorus, in which grains corresponded to the higher percentage of total absorption. The CVSW80007, CVSW82028 and CVSW82158 cultivars showed the following decreasing nutrient extraction N>K>Ca>Mg>P>S and the CVSW80147, K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S. Considering only the stalks harvest, the decreasing nutrient exportation is the same for all cultivars: K>N>Ca>Mg>S>P. Whereas the decreasing nutrient exportation sequence considering stalks and grain harvest is the following for the CVSW80007, CVSW80147 and CVSW82158 cultivars: K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S and K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S for the CVSW82028.(AU)
Assuntos
Sorghum , Nutrientes , 24444 , BiocombustíveisRESUMO
As curvas de acúmulo de nutrientes auxiliam na compreensão das demandas nutricionais de uma cultura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento e o acúmulo de macronutrientes pelos híbridos de sorgo sacarino CVSW80007, CVSW80147, CVSW82028, CVSW82158. O experimento foi conduzido em uma área de renovação de cana-de-açúcar no município de Uchoa-SP, sendo implantado em janeiro de 2012. As plantas foram coletadas em intervalos de 15 dias a partir do décimo dia após a emergência (DAE). O maior acúmulo de matéria seca, N, P, Mg e S, foi obtido pela cultivar CVSW82028, enquanto a CVSW82158 extraiu a maior quantidade de K e a CVSW80147, de Ca. Os colmos representaram o maior percentual de matéria seca e nutrientes acumulados, com exceção do nitrogênio e do fósforo, em que os grãos corresponderam a maior porcentagem do total absorvido. As cultivares CVSW80007, CVSW82028 e CVSW82158 apresentaram a seguinte ordem decrescente de extração de nutrientes: N>K>Ca>Mg>P>S e a CVSW80147, K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S. Considerando apenas colmo, a ordem decrescente de exportação de nutrientes é a mesma para todas as cultivares: K>N>Ca>Mg>S>P. No entanto, a sequência decrescente de exportação de nutrientes considerando colmos e grãos, é para as cultivares CVSW80007, CVSW80147 e CVSW82158: K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S e K>N>Mg>Ca>P>S para a CVSW82028.
Nutrient accumulation curves help us understand the nutritional demands of a crop. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth and accumulation of macronutrients by the sweet sorghum cultivars CVSW80007, CVSW80147, CVSW82028, CVSW82158. The experiment was conducted in a renewal sugarcane ratoon area at Uchoa county, SP, being deployed in January 2012. The plants were collected in 15 days intervals from the 10th after emergence (DAE). The greatest content of dry matter, N, P, Mg and S, was due to by the CVSW82028 cultivar, while the CVSW82158 extract the greatest amount of K and the CVSW80147 of Ca. The stalks represented the highs percentage of dry matter and nutrient content, except nitrogen and phosphorus, in which grains corresponded to the higher percentage of total absorption. The CVSW80007, CVSW82028 and CVSW82158 cultivars showed the following decreasing nutrient extraction N>K>Ca>Mg>P>S and the CVSW80147, K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S. Considering only the stalks harvest, the decreasing nutrient exportation is the same for all cultivars: K>N>Ca>Mg>S>P. Whereas the decreasing nutrient exportation sequence considering stalks and grain harvest is the following for the CVSW80007, CVSW80147 and CVSW82158 cultivars: K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S and K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S for the CVSW82028.
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Nutrientes , Sorghum , Biocombustíveis , 24444RESUMO
The polymerization of amino acids under anhydrous prebiotic conditions was first studied several decades ago. Here we use a stochastic model stressing the relevant role of the polarity of amino acids in the formation of oligopeptides in a prebiotic milieu. Our goal is to outline the predominance of co-polypeptides over homo-polypeptides, resulting not only from the randomness, but also from polarity properties of amino acids. Our results conclude that there was a higher probability of the formation of co-polypeptides than of homo-polymers. Besides, we may hypothesize that the former would have a more ample spectrum of possible chemical functions than homo-polypeptides.
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Aminoácidos/química , Oligopeptídeos/química , Origem da Vida , Polímeros/química , Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Evolução Molecular , Lisina/química , Cadeias de Markov , Modelos Químicos , Polimerização , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Este artigo teve por objetivo verificar os fatores associados ao início do uso de cannabis, através de revisão sistemática, utilizando as bases MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS e Cochrane, com os descritores: cannabis, marijuana, onset, de 1999 a abril de 2008. Os resultados obtidos para os fatores associados à iniciação de cannabis foram: uso precoce do álcool e tabaco, gênero masculino, comportamento agressivo e desviante, baixo monitoramento parental, pais solteiros, uso de substâncias pelos pais, grupo de pares com uso de cannabis, pertencente a comunidades desfavorecidas. O uso precoce da cannabis é fator preditor para transtorno de uso de substâncias psicoativas em jovens adultos.
This article aims to identify factors associated with the onset of cannabis use through a systematic review using Medline, Scielo, Lilacs and Cochrane, with the following keywords: cannabis, marijuana, onset, from 1999 to April 2008. The results for factors associated with the initiation of cannabis were: early alcohol and tobacco use; male gender; aggressive and deviant behavior; low parental monitoring; single parents; use of substances by parents; group of peers using cannabis; belonging to disadvantaged communities. The early use of cannabis is a predictive factor for Substances Use Disorders (SUD) in young adults.
La finalidad de ese artículo es examinar los factores asociados al uso inicial de cannnabis, a través de una revisión sistemática: Medline, Scielo, Lilacs y Cochrane, con las siguientes palabras clave: cannabis, marijuana, inicio, desde el 1999 hasta abril del 2008. Los factores siguientes se asocian al inicio del cannabis: uso temprano del alcohol y del tabaco; género masculino; comportamiento agresivo temprano; supervisión parental baja; padres solos; uso de sustancias de los padres; grupo de pares que usan cannabis; comportamiento irregular; el pertenecer a las comunidades perjudicadas. El uso temprano del cannabis es un factor predictivo para los desordenes del uso de las sustancias (SUD) por los adultos jóvenes.
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Abuso de Maconha , Assunção de Riscos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Opioides , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de SubstânciasRESUMO
Este artigo teve por objetivo verificar os fatores associados ao início do uso de cannabis, através de revisão sistemática, utilizando as bases MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS e Cochrane, com os descritores: cannabis, marijuana, onset, de 1999 a abril de 2008. Os resultados obtidos para os fatores associados à iniciação de cannabis foram: uso precoce do álcool e tabaco, gênero masculino, comportamento agressivo e desviante, baixo monitoramento parental, pais solteiros, uso de substâncias pelos pais, grupo de pares com uso de cannabis, pertencente a comunidades desfavorecidas. O uso precoce da cannabis é fator preditor para transtorno de uso de substâncias psicoativas em jovens adultos.(AU)
This article aims to identify factors associated with the onset of cannabis use through a systematic review using Medline, Scielo, Lilacs and Cochrane, with the following keywords: cannabis, marijuana, onset, from 1999 to April 2008. The results for factors associated with the initiation of cannabis were: early alcohol and tobacco use; male gender; aggressive and deviant behavior; low parental monitoring; single parents; use of substances by parents; group of peers using cannabis; belonging to disadvantaged communities. The early use of cannabis is a predictive factor for Substances Use Disorders (SUD) in young adults.(AU)
La finalidad de ese artículo es examinar los factores asociados al uso inicial de cannnabis, a través de una revisión sistemática: Medline, Scielo, Lilacs y Cochrane, con las siguientes palabras clave: cannabis, marijuana, inicio, desde el 1999 hasta abril del 2008. Los factores siguientes se asocian al inicio del cannabis: uso temprano del alcohol y del tabaco; género masculino; comportamiento agresivo temprano; supervisión parental baja; padres solos; uso de sustancias de los padres; grupo de pares que usan cannabis; comportamiento irregular; el pertenecer a las comunidades perjudicadas. El uso temprano del cannabis es un factor predictivo para los desordenes del uso de las sustancias (SUD) por los adultos jóvenes.(AU)
RESUMO
Este artigo teve por objetivo verificar os fatores associados ao início do uso de cannabis, através de revisão sistemática, utilizando as bases MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS e Cochrane, com os descritores: cannabis, marijuana, onset, de 1999 a abril de 2008. Os resultados obtidos para os fatores associados à iniciação de cannabis foram: uso precoce do álcool e tabaco, gênero masculino, comportamento agressivo e desviante, baixo monitoramento parental, pais solteiros, uso de substâncias pelos pais, grupo de pares com uso de cannabis, pertencente a comunidades desfavorecidas. O uso precoce da cannabis é fator preditor para transtorno de uso de substâncias psicoativas em jovens adultos.(AU)
This article aims to identify factors associated with the onset of cannabis use through a systematic review using Medline, Scielo, Lilacs and Cochrane, with the following keywords: cannabis, marijuana, onset, from 1999 to April 2008. The results for factors associated with the initiation of cannabis were: early alcohol and tobacco use; male gender; aggressive and deviant behavior; low parental monitoring; single parents; use of substances by parents; group of peers using cannabis; belonging to disadvantaged communities. The early use of cannabis is a predictive factor for Substances Use Disorders (SUD) in young adults.(AU)
La finalidad de ese artículo es examinar los factores asociados al uso inicial de cannnabis, a través de una revisión sistemática: Medline, Scielo, Lilacs y Cochrane, con las siguientes palabras clave: cannabis, marijuana, inicio, desde el 1999 hasta abril del 2008. Los factores siguientes se asocian al inicio del cannabis: uso temprano del alcohol y del tabaco; género masculino; comportamiento agresivo temprano; supervisión parental baja; padres solos; uso de sustancias de los padres; grupo de pares que usan cannabis; comportamiento irregular; el pertenecer a las comunidades perjudicadas. El uso temprano del cannabis es un factor predictivo para los desordenes del uso de las sustancias (SUD) por los adultos jóvenes.(AU)