RESUMO
La satisfacción sexual y las actitudes positivas hacia el uso del preservativo favorecen el uso del mismo. El objetivo general de este estudio es la evaluación y análisis de la relación entre la satisfacción sexual, las actitudes hacia el uso del preservativo y el uso del preservativo en adolescentes. Los participantes son 1504 adolescentes españoles escolarizados de ambos sexos (48.40% varones, 51.60% mujeres). Se trata de un estudio descriptivo de poblaciones mediante encuestas con muestras probabilísticas, de tipo transversal. En varones, una mayor actitud positiva hacia el uso del preservativo predice una mayor probabilidad de uso del mismo en la primera relación sexual vaginal y anal. La satisfacción sexual de la pareja predice una mayor probabilidad de uso del preservativo en la primera relación sexual oral, y la satisfacción sexual sobre la sintonía de la pareja se asocia con una menor probabilidad de uso del preservativo en la primera relación sexual oral. En mujeres, una mayor satisfacción sexual personal predice una mayor probabilidad de no haber utilizado el preservativo en la primera relación sexual vaginal. Además, en las mujeres, una mayor satisfacción sexual sobre la sintonía de la pareja incrementa las probabilidades de haber utilizado el preservativo en el debut sexual vaginal. Los porcentajes de varianza explicada son bajos. Se recomienda que en futuros estudios se analicen factores socioculturales relacionados con los roles de género que pudieran estar influyendo en las asociaciones entre la satisfacción sexual, las actitudes hacia el uso del preservativo y el riesgo sexual en adolescentes.
Sexual satisfaction and positive attitudes toward condom use promote its use. The main aim of this paper is to assess and analyze the relationship between sexual satisfaction, attitudes toward condom use, and condom use amongst adolescents. The participants were 1504 Spanish school adolescents of both sexes (48.40% male, 51.60% female). A descriptive study was conducted using cross-sectional surveys with probabilistic samples. An increased positive attitude towards condom use in males predicts higher likelihood of condom use in the first vaginal and anal intercourse. Partner sexual satisfaction predicts an increased likelihood of condom use in the first oral sexual intercourse. In addition, sexual satisfaction related to harmony with the partner is associated with a lower likelihood of condom use in the first oral sexual relationship. In females, greater personal sexual satisfaction predicts higher likelihood of not having used a condom in the first vaginal intercourse. Furthermore, higher sexual satisfaction in females - related to harmony with the partner - increased the likelihood of having used a condom during the first vaginal intercourse. The percentages of explained variance are low. It is recommended that future studies analyze sociocultural factors related to gender roles that may be influencing the associations between sexual satisfaction, attitudes toward condom use, and sexual risk amongst adolescents.
RESUMO
El objetivo de este estudio es establecer un modelo predictivo del tipo de experiencia sexual, a través de la evaluación de una serie de variables psicológicas y sociodemográficas. La muestra, representativa de la población de adolescentes escolarizados de Chiriquí (Panamá), está formada por 1.897 adolescentes de ambos sexos, de edades comprendidas entre los 14 y los 18 años (M = 16.25; DT = 1.47). Los resultados mostraron que existen diferencias significativas en las variables evaluadas en función del tipo de experiencia sexual. Además, el sexo, la religión, el nivel de estudios del padre, el locus de control interno, la autoeficacia, la comunicación con la madre, la comunicación con amigos y la susceptibilidad, resultaron ser variables predictoras del tipo de experiencia sexual.
The aim of this work is to determine whether sociodemographic and psychosocial variables predict the kind of sexual experience. Participants were 1.897 adolescents. Ages ranging from 14 to 18 years old (M = 16.25; SD = 1.47). The results showed significant differences in the variables evaluated according to the type of sexual experience. In addition, sex, religion, parent educational level, internal locus control, self-efficacy, communication with mother, communication with friends and susceptibility were found to be significant predictors of type of sexual experience.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Comportamento Sexual/psicologia , Análise de Variância , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Inquéritos e Questionários , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/psicologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Panamá , Relações InterpessoaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There is a great regional heterogeneity in the prevalence of HIV/ AIDS. AIM: To analyze the current situation of HIV/AIDS in Latin America by means of a comparative analysis among countries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a descriptive study (document analysis), epidemiological data about HIV/AIDS in Latin America as well as population data were used. Prevalence indexes and the distribution of HIV/AIDS cases were compared according to gender, age and transmission mode. RESULTS: Dominican Republic, Panama, El Salvador and Honduras are the countries with the highest prevalence indexes. Colombia is in the first position in percentage of young men with HIV/AIDS and it is in the second position in percentage of children. Costa Rica is the second country for percentage of young men and male adults infected with HIV/AIDS. Paraguay is in the second place for children with HIV/AIDS and it is the third country in young men living with HIV/AIDS. Dominican Republic is in the first position in the percentage of young and adult females living with HIV/AIDS. The main transmission mode in all Latin American countries is sexual intercourse (heterosexual and homo/bisexual). CONCLUSIONS: Latin America is a heterogeneous region in HIV/AIDS which should be considered in the development and establishment of prevention strategies.