RESUMO
Healthcare systems worldwide were challenged during the COVID-19 pandemic. In Mexico, the public hospitals that perform most transplants were adapted to provide care for COVID-19 patients. Using a nationwide database, we describe the first report of the impact of COVID-19 and related transplantation healthcare policies in a middle-income country by comparing statistics before and during the pandemic (pre-COVID: March 2019-February 2020 vs. COVID era: March 2020-February 2021) and by type of institution (public vs. private). The global reduction in transplantation was higher in public institutions compared with private institutions, 89% versus 62%, respectively, p < .001. When analyzing by organ, kidney transplantation decreased by 89% at public versus 57% at private, p < .001; cornea by 88% at public versus 64% at private, p < .001; liver by 88% at public versus 35% at private, p < .001; and heart by 88% in public versus 67% at private institutions, p = .4. The COVID-19 pandemic along with the implemented health policies were associated with a decrease in donations, waiting list additions, and a decrease in transplantation, particularly at public institutions, which care for the most vulnerable.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Pandemias , Setor de Assistência à Saúde , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Quality of life after bile duct injury is a relevant health issue besides physician-oriented outcomes. A prospective study was performed to explore short- and long-term outcomes after surgical repair. METHOD: We studied a cohort of patients with Strasberg E injuries who underwent Roux-en-Y jejunal anastomosis from 1990 to 2008. The Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) was selected as the appropriate quality of life assessment instrument. Two groups were comprised: Group I included patients with 10-year follow-up after surgery. Group II included patients operated during 2008 with preoperative 1- and 5-year questionnaires. RESULTS: Group I patients (N = 41) were operated from 1990 to 2003 and Group II (N = 44) during 2008. There is a significant improvement in quality of life after the first year of repair in all domains. Readmissions (48 vs 25 %; p < 0.01), colangitis (46 vs 14 %; p < 0.001), and hepatojejunal redo (26 vs. 4 %; p < 0.0001) were less frequent in Group II. No differences in quality of life summary scores were found between Group I and II. CONCLUSIONS: Quality of life improves significantly after the first year of surgical repair, reaching a plateau at 5 years. No correlation exists with physician-centered outcomes.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Ductos Biliares/cirurgia , Ductos Biliares/lesões , Colecistectomia Laparoscópica/efeitos adversos , Previsões , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/psicologia , Qualidade de Vida , Adulto , Anastomose Cirúrgica/métodos , Doenças dos Ductos Biliares/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Ductos Biliares/psicologia , Ductos Biliares/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Período Pós-Operatório , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Reoperação , Inquéritos e Questionários , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Improvements in bile duct injury repairs have been shown in centres with specialized surgeons. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the temporal change in the pattern of referral, technical variation associated with repair and long-term outcome of bile duct injuries at a tertiary referral centre in Mexico City. METHODS: A retrospective case note review was performed. Patients were divided into two groups: group I (GI) 1990 to 2004 and group II (GII) 2005-2008, and appropriate statistical analysis undertaken. RESULTS: Over a 20-year period, 312 patients with iatrogenic bile duct injuries required surgical treatment (GI = 169, GII = 140 patients). All injuries were reconstructed using a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. The proportion of patients who had undergone a laparoscopic cholecystectomy increased from 24% to 36% (P = 0.017) over the two time periods. In the second time period there was an increase in segment IV and V partial resections (P = 0.020), a reduction in the use of transanastomotic stents (42% to 2%, P = 0.001) and an increase in the proportion of patients requiring a neoconfluence (2% to 11%, P = 0.003). In the second time period, the number of patients requiring a hepatectomy during repair (2% to 1%, P = 0.001), a portoenterostomy (16% to 9%, P = 0.060) or a double-barrel hepatico-jejunostomy (5% to 1%, P = 0.045) significantly decreased. During follow-up, patients in the second time period had a reduction in the incidence of post-operative cholangitis (11% to 6%, P = 0.310) and the frequency of post-operative anastomotic stenoses (13% to 5%, P = 0.010). Mortality remained low throughout the series but was absent in the second group. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in technique and growing experience of the multidisciplinary team improved operative and long-term results of bile duct injury repair.
Assuntos
Ductos Biliares/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Biliar , Hospitais/estatística & dados numéricos , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Ferimentos e Lesões/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anastomose em-Y de Roux , Ductos Biliares/lesões , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Biliar/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Biliar/instrumentação , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Biliar/mortalidade , Competência Clínica , Feminino , Hepatectomia , Humanos , Doença Iatrogênica , Jejunostomia , Curva de Aprendizado , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Encaminhamento e Consulta/estatística & dados numéricos , Reoperação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Stents , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Ferimentos e Lesões/mortalidade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Bile duct injuries (BDI) have a wide array of presentation. Left partial injuries (Strasberg D) of the hepatic duct are the result of excessive traction, which dissects the hepatic hilum and provokes medial perforations without continuity loss. Right partial injuries (Strasberg A, B and C) are produced by direct damage to the hepatic duct or isolated injury to the right and accessory ducts. It is important to determine frequency, spectrum and treatment outcome of this BDI in the surgical scenario. METHODS: Patients with BDI who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital were reviewed, right and left partial injuries were selected. Demographic, clinical and therapeutic data were analyzed. RESULTS: In a 16-year period, 405 patients underwent surgical treatment of BDI. 31 (8%) were classified as a left partial injury (Strasberg D): 23 injuries at the common hepatic duct treated with a Hepatojejunostomy (HJ); four at the confluence level which received a HJ with neoconfluence construction; two partial injuries in the left hepatic duct underwent a selective left HJ; and two complete occlusions of the left hepatic duct, one treated with a partial hepatectomy and the last case underwent a partial HJ. Right partial injuries (Strasberg A, B or C) were identified in 21 cases (5%), their treatment was tailored according to the type of BDI (conservative, selective HJ, or hepatectomy). CONCLUSIONS: In our series the frequency of left and right partial BDI injuries was 8% and 5%, respectively. The spectrum of analyzed injuries included four subtypes for the left partial and eight for the right partial lesions. Most BDI in the two analyzed groups presented concomitant devascularization of the extra-hepatic ducts, therefore receiving surgical treatment rather than endoscopic treatment was done.
Assuntos
Ductos Biliares/lesões , Ductos Biliares/cirurgia , Complicações Intraoperatórias/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Árvores de Decisões , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The estimated prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the overall population is 30%. Bile duct injuries associated with cholecystectomy have a constant frequency and some patients with these types of injuries have concomitant hepatic stenosis (HS). It has not been determined if HS has a negative outcome on the results of surgical bile duct repair. METHODS: Among a cohort of patients surgically repaired for bile duct injury, we selected those from whom a liver biopsy was obtained. Patients were divided into the following groups: group I--HS, group II--without HS. The groups were compared for long-term results of the reconstruction, postoperative complications, liver function test and need for reintervention. RESULTS: From group I we obtained 18 patients and from group II 71 patients. In 11% of the HS group and in 10% of the non-HS group anastomosis dysfunction was observed. Three cases in group I (17%) and 11 patients in group II (15.5%) needed further surgical reintervention. Complete rehabilitation was obtained in 77% of the cases in group I and 66% of patients in group II. No statistical differences were found in any features between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with HS have a higher incidence of gallstone disease than the general population; hence, an increased probability of having a bile duct injury. The results of surgical reconstruction after these injuries are similar to those of patients without HS. Analyzed data showed no repercussion in outcome of patients with HS.
Assuntos
Ductos Biliares/lesões , Ductos Biliares/cirurgia , Fígado Gorduroso/complicações , Complicações Intraoperatórias/cirurgia , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Doença Iatrogênica , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Introducción: La prevalencia de la esteatosis hepática no alcohólica en población general es de 30 %. Las lesiones iatrogénicas de la vía biliar durante colecistectomías tienen una frecuencia constante y algunos pacientes con estas lesiones padecen esteatosis hepática concomitante. No se ha determinado si la esteatosis hepática tiene una influencia negativa en la reconstrucción de vías biliares. Material y métodos: De una cohorte de pacientes sometidos a reparación de vías biliares seleccionamos a los que se les tomó biopsia hepática. Se dividieron en dos grupos: I, con esteatosis hepática y II, sin esteatosis hepática. Se compararon los resultados de la reconstrucción, complicaciones posoperatorias, pruebas de función hepática y la necesidad de reoperación. Resultados: en el grupo I, 18 casos; en el grupo II, 71. En 11 % del grupo con esteatosis y en 10 % del grupo sin esteatosis hubo disfunción de la anastomosis. En tres casos del grupo I (17 %) y en once del grupo II (15.5 %) fue necesaria la reintervención quirúrgica. Se rehabilitó completamente a 77 % de los casos del grupo I y a 66 % del grupo II. No se obtuvo ninguna diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre ambos grupos. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con esteatosis hepática tienen mayor incidencia de colelitiasis, por lo que su probabilidad de tener una lesión en la vía biliar es mayor. Los resultados de la reconstrucción de estas lesiones son similares entre pacientes con y sin esteatosis hepática. Los datos analizados no demostraron repercusión en los resultados de la cirugía al padecer esteatosis hepática.
BACKGROUND: The estimated prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the overall population is 30%. Bile duct injuries associated with cholecystectomy have a constant frequency and some patients with these types of injuries have concomitant hepatic stenosis (HS). It has not been determined if HS has a negative outcome on the results of surgical bile duct repair. METHODS: Among a cohort of patients surgically repaired for bile duct injury, we selected those from whom a liver biopsy was obtained. Patients were divided into the following groups: group I--HS, group II--without HS. The groups were compared for long-term results of the reconstruction, postoperative complications, liver function test and need for reintervention. RESULTS: From group I we obtained 18 patients and from group II 71 patients. In 11% of the HS group and in 10% of the non-HS group anastomosis dysfunction was observed. Three cases in group I (17%) and 11 patients in group II (15.5%) needed further surgical reintervention. Complete rehabilitation was obtained in 77% of the cases in group I and 66% of patients in group II. No statistical differences were found in any features between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with HS have a higher incidence of gallstone disease than the general population; hence, an increased probability of having a bile duct injury. The results of surgical reconstruction after these injuries are similar to those of patients without HS. Analyzed data showed no repercussion in outcome of patients with HS.