RESUMO
La columna vertebral del perro ha sido utilizada como modelo experimental en medicina humana, y es uno de los animales domésticos más estudiados en medicina veterinaria. Sin embargo, existen limitados datos sobre la amplitud del disco intervertebral (DIV) y el foramen intervertebral (FIV). El propósito de este trabajo es medir cuantitativamente la amplitud de los DIV y FIV, e igualmente, la distancia entre la emergencia de los nervios espinales lumbares y el borde anterior del cuerpo vertebral caudal adyacente o altura del triángulo de seguridad de Kambin (ATK). Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en cinco cadáveres de perros. Se midieron: los diametros discales ventrales, la distancia entre la emergencia de los nervios espinales y el borde anterior del cuerpo vertebral caudal adyacente (CVCA), y los diámetros de los FIV de los niveles toracolumbares T12 - L6. La amplitud del DIV en el borde ventral fue en promedio de 7,34 mm (SD± 2,209), y la distancia entre los nervios espinales y el borde posterior del DIV, de 3,56 mm (SD 1,366). Los diámetros promedio del FIV fueron en su aspecto craneocaudal de 5,24 mm (SD 1,838) y dorsoventral de 4,73 mm (SD 1,098). Se evidenció para esta muestra una correlación gráfica entre la ATK y la ADIV, y una longitud máxima de todas las estructuras medidas en el segmento L4 - L5. Además, se plantea la posibilidad del desarrollo de instrumentales intradiscales y transforaminales con un diámetro de 3 mm, hechos a medida para caninos a partir de los 10 kg de peso.
Dog´s spine has been used as an experimental model in human medicine and is also one of the most studied animals in veterinary medicine. However, there are limited descriptions of intervertebral disc IV and intervertebral foramen IF width. The purpose of this study is to measure the width of the IV (IVW) and IF and its relations with the exit of the spinal nerves. A descriptive study was performed in 5-dogs´ cadavers. Were measured IV width, distance between emerging spinal nerve and the adjacent vertebral body (KTH), and the IF diameters. The IV ventral width average was 7.34 mm (SD 2.209) and distance from the spinal nerve and the posterior edge of IV was 3.56 mm (SD 1.366). The average diameters were, in craniocaudal aspect IF was 5.24 mm (SD 1.838) and dorsoventral was 4.73 mm (SD 1.098). The anatomical relationships of ID and IF are fundamental in the development of approaches and instruments for minimally invasive surgery. For this sample, it showed a graphical relationship between KTH and IDW and a maximum length of all measured structures in L4 - L5. This study raises the possibility of developing instrumental for canine dorsolateral percutaneous approach, made for dogs from 10 kg.
RESUMO
Colloidal suspensions of bimetallic Au/Pd nanoparticles were prepared by simultaneous reduction of the metal ions from their corresponding chloride salts with polymer (PVP) stabilizer. Thermal properties of water containing bimetallic nanoparticles with different nominal compositions (Au/Pd = 12/1, 5/1, 1/1, 1/5) were measured using the mode mismatched dual-beam thermal lens technique to determine the effect of particle composition on the thermal diffusivity of the nanofluids. The characteristic time constant of the transient thermal lens was estimated by fitting the experimental data to the theoretical expression for transient thermal lens. The thermal diffusivity of the nanofluids (water, containing Au/Pd bimetallic nanoparticles) is seen to be strongly dependent on the composition of the particles. The maximum diffusivity was achieved for the nanoparticles with highest Au/Pd molar ratio. A possible mechanism for such high thermal diffusivity of the nanofluids with bimetallic particles is given. UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM and high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) techniques were used to characterize the Au/Pd bimetallic nanoparticles.
Assuntos
Coloides/química , Ouro/química , Microfluídica/métodos , Nanoestruturas/química , Nanoestruturas/ultraestrutura , Nanotecnologia/métodos , Paládio/química , Difusão , Temperatura Alta , Teste de Materiais , Metais/química , Tamanho da Partícula , Soluções , Condutividade TérmicaRESUMO
Small (1-5 nm) metallic nanoparticles of Pt, Au, and Au/Pt of different nominal compositions in colloidal form were synthesized by a chemical reduction method using polymer (PVP) as protecting agent. Analytical techniques like HREM and UV-vis spectroscopy have been used to characterize the morphology and structural properties of these small particles. Theoretical simulations based on molecular dynamical have been used to interpret the experimental structural results and analyze the macroscopic properties like stability and catalytic selectivity of these nanoparticles based on the morphology and atomic distribution in the clusters.
Assuntos
Ouro/química , Nanotecnologia/métodos , Nanotubos/química , Platina/química , Catálise , Elétrons , Íons , Teste de Materiais , Metanol/química , Microscopia Eletrônica , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Polímeros/química , Espectrofotometria , Espectrofotometria Infravermelho , Raios UltravioletaRESUMO
We report on energetic surface reconstruction phenomena observed on bimetallic nanoparticle systems of AuPd and AuCu, similar to a resolidification effect observed during the cooling process in lead clusters. These binary alloy nanoparticles show the fivefold edges truncated, resulting in [100] facets on decahedral structures, an effect largely envisioned and reported theoretically, with no experimental evidence so far. We demonstrate experimentally as well as by computational simulations that this new eutectic structure is favored in such nanoalloy systems.
RESUMO
Nuestro proposito es dar a conocer nuestra experiencia, en la aplicación de procedimientos minimamente invasivos de la columna lumbar. Se describen los resultados de un estudio prospectivo en 220 pacientes con diagnostico de hernia lumbar, tratados con descompresion discal endoscopica con Holmium YAG laser. En todos los casos se realizó una cirugia ambulatoria con anestesia local. Los resultados fueron evaluados utilizando los criterios de Macttab, encontrando una calificación excelente y buena en el 75 por ciento de los pacientes despues de un seguimiento promedio de 36 meses. Esta técnica quirurgica ambulatoria, bajo anestesia local, ha demostrado ser segura, util en el tratamiento de hernias lumbares contenidasy extruidas no migradas, con excelentes resultados, pocas complicaciones, de bajo costo y con iguales o mejores resultados que las técnicas convencionales
Assuntos
Endoscopia , Deslocamento do Disco Intervertebral , Procedimentos Ortopédicos/instrumentação , Vértebras Lombares/cirurgiaRESUMO
From February 1993 to October 1995, 80 endocervical samples taken from 80 pregnant patients in pre-natal control were examined in private practice at the Hospital Angeles del Pedregal in Mexico City for purposes of detecting Chlamydia trachomatis by direct inmunoflorecency. Gestational ages ranged from 20 to 39 week. A positive reaction to Chlamydia trachomatis was observed in 10% (8 patients) of the participating patients. Taking into account this frequency it is suggested that this study be a part of prenatal control.
Assuntos
Colo do Útero/virologia , Infecções por Chlamydia/diagnóstico , Chlamydia trachomatis/isolamento & purificação , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Adulto , Infecções por Chlamydia/epidemiologia , Infecções por Chlamydia/virologia , Feminino , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Diagnóstico Pré-NatalRESUMO
The skin of ten patients was sutured with ethyl-cyanoacrylate. There was none intolerance to the adhesive nor dehiscence. There is plenty of international information about the use of cyandoacrilate, unfortunately, there are only few national references. This method is easy, economical and without side effects on the skin.
Assuntos
Adesivos , Cianoacrilatos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Dermatológicos , Suturas , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , LaparotomiaRESUMO
En el presente trabajo se presentan las bases cientificas y tecnologicas de un nuevo tratamiento sobre 40 discos intervertebrales patologicos en 22 pacientes (7 mujeres y 75 hombres), mediante la discolisis percutanea con laser Holmium, practicado en la Clinica Reina Sofia de Bogota, durante un lapso de 5 meses (del 29 de enero al 29 de junio de 1994). En la aplicacion de esta nueva terapeutica y en el desarrollo del procedimiento, se destaca la importancia y efectividad de la enfermera profesional como integrante del equipo de salud en esta especialidad. Las ventajas de la discolisis con laser frente a la disquectomia abierta convencional, pueden resumirse asi: ser una intervencion minimamente invasora y muy poco traumática; no requiere anestesia general ni hospitalizacion; exige menor tiempo de incapacidad postoperatoria; menor incidencia de complicaciones y menores costos. Vale anotar que la F.D.A. de los Estados Unidos, ya aprobo el uso del laser Ho-Yag (Holmium) y el KTP para la realizacion de la discolisis en los casos de hernia discal.