RESUMO
ABSTRACT The realization of inventories in regions where there are few records of amphibian collection is a fundamental tool for conservation. We studied the composition of amphibian species in swamps and lagoons of São Roque do Canaã, a municipality located in the central region of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The study was conducted between June 2013 and May 2014, with samplings made twice a month. Fieldwork was concentrated at two sites (one visit per month each), both formed by swamps and ponds temporary and are the main matrix type in the landscape, located in open areas where pastures for cattle and coffee crops predominate. Fieldwork was carried out by two collectors from 17:00 to 24h00min, totaling 24 expeditions, resulting in approximately 336 hours of sampling effort. The species were inventoried through active visual search and auditory census. Twenty two species distributed in 5 families were recorded. Hylidae was the most represented family (N = 16), followed by Leptodactylidae (N = 2), Bufonidae (N = 2), Pipidae (N = 1) and Cycloramphidae (N = 1). The months with the highest number of species in calling activity were November (n = 15) and December (n = 16), 2013, and January 2014 (n = 15), while the months with lower number of species were April, June (n = 5) and July (n = 4), 2013. No species recorded is included in the list of threatened amphibians of the Espírito Santo. The species found are typical of open areas and support well degraded environments. This study is the first step to a better understanding of anurofauna of São Roque do Canaã, since there is absolutely nothing published on amphibians in the region.
RESUMO A realização de inventários em regiões onde existem poucos registros de coleta de anfíbios é uma ferramenta fundamental para a conservação. O presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a composição dos anfíbios anuros de brejos e lagoas de São Roque do Canaã, município localizado na região central do estado do Espírito Santo. O trabalho foi realizado no período entre junho de 2013 e maio de 2014. As coletas foram conduzidas em duas áreas, sendo uma visita por mês em cada área, ambas formadas por brejos e lagoas localizadas em áreas abertas, onde predominam vegetação remanescente da Mata Atlântica envolta por pastagens para criação de gado e culturas de café. As 24 amostragens foram realizadas por dois coletores e aconteceram das 17h00min às 24h00min, resultando em aproximadamente 336 horas de esforço amostral. As espécies foram inventariadas através de busca visual ativa e censo auditivo. Foram registradas 22 espécies, distribuídas em 5 famílias, sendo Hylidae a família mais representativa (N = 16), seguidas por Leptodactylidae (N = 2) e Bufonidae (N = 2), Pipidae (N = 1) e Cycloramphidae (N = 1). Os meses com maior concentração de espécies em atividade de vocalização foram novembro (n = 15) e dezembro (n = 16) de 2013, e janeiro de 2014 (n = 15), enquanto que os meses com menor concentração foram junho (n = 5) e julho (n = 4) de 2013. Nenhuma espécie registrada está incluída na lista de anfíbios ameaçados do Espírito Santo. As espécies encontradas são típicas de áreas abertas, e suportam bem ambientes degradados. O estudo contribui para um melhor conhecimento da anurofauna do município de São Roque do Canaã, visto que não há dados publicados sobre a herpetofauna da região.
RESUMO
ABSTRACT The realization of inventories in regions where there are few records of amphibian collection is a fundamental tool for conservation. We studied the composition of amphibian species in swamps and lagoons of São Roque do Canaã, a municipality located in the central region of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The study was conducted between June 2013 and May 2014, with samplings made twice a month. Fieldwork was concentrated at two sites (one visit per month each), both formed by swamps and ponds temporary and are the main matrix type in the landscape, located in open areas where pastures for cattle and coffee crops predominate. Fieldwork was carried out by two collectors from 17:00 to 24h00min, totaling 24 expeditions, resulting in approximately 336 hours of sampling effort. The species were inventoried through active visual search and auditory census. Twenty two species distributed in 5 families were recorded. Hylidae was the most represented family (N = 16), followed by Leptodactylidae (N = 2), Bufonidae (N = 2), Pipidae (N = 1) and Cycloramphidae (N = 1). The months with the highest number of species in calling activity were November (n = 15) and December (n = 16), 2013, and January 2014 (n = 15), while the months with lower number of species were April, June (n = 5) and July (n = 4), 2013. No species recorded is included in the list of threatened amphibians of the Espírito Santo. The species found are typical of open areas and support well degraded environments. This study is the first step to a better understanding of anurofauna of São Roque do Canaã, since there is absolutely nothing published on amphibians in the region.
RESUMO A realização de inventários em regiões onde existem poucos registros de coleta de anfíbios é uma ferramenta fundamental para a conservação. O presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a composição dos anfíbios anuros de brejos e lagoas de São Roque do Canaã, município localizado na região central do estado do Espírito Santo. O trabalho foi realizado no período entre junho de 2013 e maio de 2014. As coletas foram conduzidas em duas áreas, sendo uma visita por mês em cada área, ambas formadas por brejos e lagoas localizadas em áreas abertas, onde predominam vegetação remanescente da Mata Atlântica envolta por pastagens para criação de gado e culturas de café. As 24 amostragens foram realizadas por dois coletores e aconteceram das 17h00min às 24h00min, resultando em aproximadamente 336 horas de esforço amostral. As espécies foram inventariadas através de busca visual ativa e censo auditivo. Foram registradas 22 espécies, distribuídas em 5 famílias, sendo Hylidae a família mais representativa (N = 16), seguidas por Leptodactylidae (N = 2) e Bufonidae (N = 2), Pipidae (N = 1) e Cycloramphidae (N = 1). Os meses com maior concentração de espécies em atividade de vocalização foram novembro (n = 15) e dezembro (n = 16) de 2013, e janeiro de 2014 (n = 15), enquanto que os meses com menor concentração foram junho (n = 5) e julho (n = 4) de 2013. Nenhuma espécie registrada está incluída na lista de anfíbios ameaçados do Espírito Santo. As espécies encontradas são típicas de áreas abertas, e suportam bem ambientes degradados. O estudo contribui para um melhor conhecimento da anurofauna do município de São Roque do Canaã, visto que não há dados publicados sobre a herpetofauna da região.
RESUMO
The Order Chiroptera plays a vital role in ecosystem dynamics. Among the states of Southeastern Brazil, Espírito Santo State is the one with the least known bat fauna. This study reports on the current state of knowledge on Espírito Santo bats generating this data bank. We have catalogued the bats deposited in the Biology Museum Prof. Mello Leitão (MBML), Laboratory of Bat Studies of the Federal University of Espírito Santo (LABEQ), Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (MVZ), Royal Ontario Museum (ROM), American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), and University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ). In addition, we have investigated the literature seeking articles about bats exclusively for the State. About bats were published in the state 42 papers, three thesis and 11 monographs. There are recognized 63 bat species in the State, if considering the museum collections and published papers, from 37 of the 78 municipalities of Espírito Santo. The highest species richness was found in the municipalities of Linhares and Santa Teresa. This was probably occasioned by bias on sampling. The great potential for new bat occurrences in Espírito Santo is due to the lack of knowledge about bats in this State. This emphasizes the importance for new future studies about bats in that area.
A Ordem Chiroptera apresenta importância relevante na dinâmica dos ecossistemas, sendo a ordem de mamíferos com maior diversidade de hábitos de vida. Dentre os estados da região Sudeste do Brasil, o Espírito Santo é um dos mais carentes em relação ao conhecimento de morcegos. Este estudo sintetizou o estado do conhecimento sobre quirópteros gerado no Espírito Santo. Para isso, foram catalogados os morcegos depositados no Museu de Biologia Prof. Mello Leitão (MBML), no Laboratório de Estudos de Quirópteros da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (LABEQ), Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (MVZ), Royal Ontario Museum (ROM), American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) e University of Michigan Museum Zoology (UMMZ). Além disso, foi realizada uma busca por artigos publicados sobre morcegos do Espírito Santo. Foram revistos 49 artigos científicos, realizadas três teses de mestrado e 11 monografias. Considerando as coleções amostradas e artigos publicados totalizam-se 63 espécies de morcegos para o estado, provenientes de 37 dos 78 municípios do Espírito Santo. A maior riqueza de espécies de morcegos foi encontrada nos municípios de Linhares e Santa Teresa, o que é provavelmente reflexo da maior parte dos espécimes depositados nos museus também serem desses municípios. O Espírito Santo apresenta um grande potencial para se encontrar novas ocorrências de espécies, enfatizando a importância da realização de futuros estudos sobre morcegos no estado.
RESUMO
The Order Chiroptera plays a vital role in ecosystem dynamics. Among the states of Southeastern Brazil, Espírito Santo State is the one with the least known bat fauna. This study reports on the current state of knowledge on Espírito Santo bats generating this data bank. We have catalogued the bats deposited in the Biology Museum Prof. Mello Leitão (MBML), Laboratory of Bat Studies of the Federal University of Espírito Santo (LABEQ), Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (MVZ), Royal Ontario Museum (ROM), American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), and University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ). In addition, we have investigated the literature seeking articles about bats exclusively for the State. About bats were published in the state 42 papers, three thesis and 11 monographs. There are recognized 63 bat species in the State, if considering the museum collections and published papers, from 37 of the 78 municipalities of Espírito Santo. The highest species richness was found in the municipalities of Linhares and Santa Teresa. This was probably occasioned by bias on sampling. The great potential for new bat occurrences in Espírito Santo is due to the lack of knowledge about bats in this State. This emphasizes the importance for new future studies about bats in that area.
A Ordem Chiroptera apresenta importância relevante na dinâmica dos ecossistemas, sendo a ordem de mamíferos com maior diversidade de hábitos de vida. Dentre os estados da região Sudeste do Brasil, o Espírito Santo é um dos mais carentes em relação ao conhecimento de morcegos. Este estudo sintetizou o estado do conhecimento sobre quirópteros gerado no Espírito Santo. Para isso, foram catalogados os morcegos depositados no Museu de Biologia Prof. Mello Leitão (MBML), no Laboratório de Estudos de Quirópteros da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (LABEQ), Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (MVZ), Royal Ontario Museum (ROM), American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) e University of Michigan Museum Zoology (UMMZ). Além disso, foi realizada uma busca por artigos publicados sobre morcegos do Espírito Santo. Foram revistos 49 artigos científicos, realizadas três teses de mestrado e 11 monografias. Considerando as coleções amostradas e artigos publicados totalizam-se 63 espécies de morcegos para o estado, provenientes de 37 dos 78 municípios do Espírito Santo. A maior riqueza de espécies de morcegos foi encontrada nos municípios de Linhares e Santa Teresa, o que é provavelmente reflexo da maior parte dos espécimes depositados nos museus também serem desses municípios. O Espírito Santo apresenta um grande potencial para se encontrar novas ocorrências de espécies, enfatizando a importância da realização de futuros estudos sobre morcegos no estado.
RESUMO
Phylogeography is defined as the study of principles and process governing geographical distributions of genealogical lineages. Similar phylogeographic patterns may be shared among different species that inhabit same region and result from common historical events that affected these species in a similar way. Low levels of sequence divergence are found within species of bats. The ability to fly might result in a higher level of gene flow among populations for both bats and birds than that found in small mammals. The objective of this study was to describe and analyze the phylogeography structure of Lonchorhina aurita populations from the Brazilian coastal fragments of Atlantic rain forest. We used liver tissues from L. aurita to extract DNA. We then amplified the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b with PCR and performed RFLP on these amplified mitochondrial DNA fragments. Seven restriction endonucleases were used. We identified four haplotypes. The RFLP results were used in a phylogenetic analysis that resulted in a single most parsimonious tree. These haplotypes were distributed in two clades, one for southeastern and other for northeastern portions of Brazilian Atlantic forest. The phylogeographic structure found for L. aurita confirm the hypothesis that bats in subfamily Phyllostominae might have a strong geographical structure when compared with other bats. Given a preference
Phylogeography is defined as the study of principles and process governing geographical distributions of genealogical lineages. Similar phylogeographic patterns may be shared among different species that inhabit same region and result from common historical events that affected these species in a similar way. Low levels of sequence divergence are found within species of bats. The ability to fly might result in a higher level of gene flow among populations for both bats and birds than that found in small mammals. The objective of this study was to describe and analyze the phylogeography structure of Lonchorhina aurita populations from the Brazilian coastal fragments of Atlantic rain forest. We used liver tissues from L. aurita to extract DNA. We then amplified the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b with PCR and performed RFLP on these amplified mitochondrial DNA fragments. Seven restriction endonucleases were used. We identified four haplotypes. The RFLP results were used in a phylogenetic analysis that resulted in a single most parsimonious tree. These haplotypes were distributed in two clades, one for southeastern and other for northeastern portions of Brazilian Atlantic forest. The phylogeographic structure found for L. aurita confirm the hypothesis that bats in subfamily Phyllostominae might have a strong geographical structure when compared with other bats. Given a preference
RESUMO
Phylogeography is defined as the study of principles and process governing geographical distributions of genealogical lineages. Similar phylogeographic patterns may be shared among different species that inhabit same region and result from common historical events that affected these species in a similar way. Low levels of sequence divergence are found within species of bats. The ability to fly might result in a higher level of gene flow among populations for both bats and birds than that found in small mammals. The objective of this study was to describe and analyze the phylogeography structure of Lonchorhina aurita populations from the Brazilian coastal fragments of Atlantic rain forest. We used liver tissues from L. aurita to extract DNA. We then amplified the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b with PCR and performed RFLP on these amplified mitochondrial DNA fragments. Seven restriction endonucleases were used. We identified four haplotypes. The RFLP results were used in a phylogenetic analysis that resulted in a single most parsimonious tree. These haplotypes were distributed in two clades, one for southeastern and other for northeastern portions of Brazilian Atlantic forest. The phylogeographic structure found for L. aurita confirm the hypothesis that bats in subfamily Phyllostominae might have a strong geographical structure when compared with other bats. Given a preference
Phylogeography is defined as the study of principles and process governing geographical distributions of genealogical lineages. Similar phylogeographic patterns may be shared among different species that inhabit same region and result from common historical events that affected these species in a similar way. Low levels of sequence divergence are found within species of bats. The ability to fly might result in a higher level of gene flow among populations for both bats and birds than that found in small mammals. The objective of this study was to describe and analyze the phylogeography structure of Lonchorhina aurita populations from the Brazilian coastal fragments of Atlantic rain forest. We used liver tissues from L. aurita to extract DNA. We then amplified the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b with PCR and performed RFLP on these amplified mitochondrial DNA fragments. Seven restriction endonucleases were used. We identified four haplotypes. The RFLP results were used in a phylogenetic analysis that resulted in a single most parsimonious tree. These haplotypes were distributed in two clades, one for southeastern and other for northeastern portions of Brazilian Atlantic forest. The phylogeographic structure found for L. aurita confirm the hypothesis that bats in subfamily Phyllostominae might have a strong geographical structure when compared with other bats. Given a preference