RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This systematic review with meta-analysis was performed to assess whether motivational interviewing (MI) effectively prevents oral morbidities in adults. METHODS: Studies considered were randomized controlled trials, cluster-randomized controlled trials and community-based randomized trials assessing interventions based on MI or indicating that a counselling technique based on the principles developed by Miller and Rollnick was used. Controls were any type of oral health education or negative controls. Participants were 18-60 years old. The main outcome was any oral morbidity. From 602 studies identified in MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and LILACS databases, seven studies were included in the synthesis. RESULTS: Studies included only evaluated periodontal outcomes, no studies were found for other oral morbidities. Patients' mean age was 43.7 years, and the follow-up time after MI or MI-based intervention varied between 1 month and 1 year. The total study population was 272 people with moderate-to-severe periodontitis; other groups analysed were pregnant women (n = 112) and patients with mental disorders and alcohol problems (n = 60). Meta-analysis for the plaque index (four studies, n = 267), bleeding on probing (two studies, n = 177) and gingival index (two studies, n = 166) were carried out. The summary effects for the random-effects model were estimated respectively as -3.59 percentage points (CI: [-11.44; 4.25] for plaque index, -6.41 percentage points (CI: [-12.18, -0.65]) for bleeding on probing and -0.70 (CI: [-1.87; 0.48]) for gingival index, marginally favouring the MI group. The reduced number of studies, the non-disclosure of some aspects of the data and the heterogeneity among them undermine the precision of the estimates. CONCLUSION: The current evidence available is limited to periodontal outcomes, and it is not possible to determine whether MI effectively prevents oral morbidities in adults.
Assuntos
Entrevista Motivacional , Periodontite , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gravidez , Adulto Jovem , Entrevista Motivacional/métodos , Periodontite/prevenção & controleRESUMO
La cantidad de casos de cáncer se ha incrementado en la última década y se esperan 15 millones de nuevos casos para el año 2020 a nivel mundial. En México, el carcinoma oral de células escamosas es el tipo de neoplasia maligna más frecuente, ya que su incidencia representa entre el 1% y el 5% del total de las neoplasias malignas, por lo cual es de suma importancia tener conocimiento de los factores predisponentes, estilo de vida, hábitos y enfermedades sistémicas asociadas con esta patología. La realización de la historia clínica completa juega un papel importante para el diagnóstico oportuno de un paciente con alto riesgo de padecer la enfermedad. En México, la falta de información actual sobre los factores de riesgo, técnicas de diagnóstico oportuno y la poca concientización de la población sobre las medidas preventivas del carcinoma oral de células escamosas generan un reto para los profesionales de salud al tratar de reducir la incidencia de esta neoplasia. Es por esto que el presente artículo brindará un panorama situacional sobre la etiología del carcinoma de células escamosas, la prevalencia e incidencia en la población mexicana, poniendo énfasis en las medidas preventivas y en las técnicas de exploración para el diagnóstico oportuno...