RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between household food insecurity and overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity in Mexican adults. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: We analysed data from the Mexican Halfway National Health and Nutrition Survey 2016, a nationally representative survey that accounted for rural and urban areas in four regions of Mexico: North, Centre, Mexico City and South. PARTICIPANTS: Adults from 20 to 59 years old (n 5456, which represents 45 804 210 individuals at the national level). RESULTS: 70·8 % of the Mexican adults had some degree of household food insecurity. This situation showed larger proportions (P < 0·05) among indigenous people, those living in a rural area, in the Southern region or the lowest socio-economic quintiles. The prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity was higher in female adults (P < 0·001), with the highest proportions occurring among those experiencing severe household food insecurity. Among women, mean BMI and waist circumference were higher as household food insecurity levels increased (P < 0·001). According to multivariate logistic regression models, severe household food insecurity showed to be positively associated with obesity (OR: 2·36; P = 0·001) in Mexican adult females. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm the association between household food insecurity and obesity among Mexican women. Given the socio-demographic characteristics of the food-insecure population, it is alarming that prevailing socio-economic inequalities in the country might also be contributing to the likelihood of obesity. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain and bolster surveillance systems to track both problems and implement adequate policies and interventions.
Assuntos
Abastecimento de Alimentos , Obesidade , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Insegurança Alimentar , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
ABSTRACT: Introduction: Childhood depression is a disease that is becoming more frequent. Few reports address parental perception of children depressive symptoms, and these studies have not been carried out in community samples. Objective: To evaluate the correlation and agreement of depressive symptoms in school-age children, and their parent's perception about emotional and conduct abnormalities. Method: A transversal study was performed in 284 children who filled a Children Depression Inventory. One of their parents filled a Strengths and Difficulty Questionnaire, and correlation between scores and subcomponent scores were assessed. Agreement between presence of depressive symptoms in children and their parent's perception of abnormal emotional and/or conduct reports was also obtained. Results: 47 children were identified with depressive symptoms. We found moderate correlation between scores. We did not find agreement between the presence of depressive symptoms in the children and the report of emotional and conduct abnormalities by parents. Discussion and conclusion: There is a modest correlation between depressive symptom severity and parental perception of abnormal emotions and/or behaviors. We found no evidence of agreement between these domains in our study, which suggests that parents fail to perceive negative emotions or conducts as depressive symptoms in their children. Parental reports should be addressed by healthcare workers, and their emotional significance should be interpreted. An intentional search of depressive symptomatology in children should be a priority.
RESUMEN: Introducción: La prevalencia de la depresión infantil está al alza. Pocos estudios han evaluado la percepción parental de los síntomas depresivos en niños, y los que se han realizado no han sido replicados en la comunidad. Objetivo: Evaluar la correlación y la concordancia entre los síntomas depresivos en niños de edad escolar con la percepción de sus padres sobre problemas emocionales y conductas anormales. Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal en 284 niños que contestaron el Inventario de Depresión Infantil y se compararon los puntajes con el Cuestionario de Fortalezas y Dificultades que llenó uno de los padres. Se evaluó la correlación entre los puntajes totales y por sub-escalas, así como la concordancia entre la presencia de puntajes sugestivos de depresión infantil y la percepción parental de emociones y conductas anormales. Resultados: 47 niños fueron identificados con puntajes indicativos de sintomatología depresiva. Encontramos correlación moderada entre los puntajes de las escalas. No encontramos concordancia entre la presencia de síntomas depresivos y el reporte parental de emociones o conductas anormales. Discusión y conclusión: Existe correlación entre la severidad de los síntomas depresivos y la percepción parental de emociones y conductas anormales. No encontramos concordancia entre ambas mediciones, lo cual sugiere que los padres fallan al identificar las conductas y emociones anormales de sus hijos como los síntomas depresivos. Los reportes de los padres deben ser tomados en cuenta y ser interpretados por el personal de salud. La búsqueda intencionada de síntomas depresivos en niños debe ser parte fundamental del proceso de cuidado de esta población.