RESUMO
Ampicillin is a widely used ß-lactam antibiotic that has been detected in various effluents and can alter biological processes used in wastewater treatment such as nitrification. Physiological and kinetic behaviour of a nitrifying consortium in the presence of ampicillin (AMP) (10, 25, and 50 mg/L) was evaluated in batch cultures. Under the experimental conditions (320 ± 8 mg bacterial protein/L, C/N = 2.4, 24 h), the nitrifying behaviour was very similar among the controls without AMP and the assays with antibiotic, as there was no AMP effect on efficiency (ENH4+ = 99.7 ± 4.2%), yields (YNO2- = 0, YNO3- = 1.0 ± 0.1 mg N/mg NH4+-N consumed), neither specific rates of NH4+ oxidation and NO3- formation. Therefore, nitrifying bacteria were insensitive to AMP presence. At all assayed concentrations, after 24 h, 70.5 ± 3.7% of AMP was removed from the cultures through abiotic (16.0-16.5%), biosorption (23.2-47.0%), and biotransformation (10.0-29.8%) processes. With the increase in the initial AMP concentration, a greater participation of the biotransformation process, associated to an increase in the specific AMP consumption rate was attained. The sludge was able to completely oxidize NH4+ to NO3- by nitrification and eliminate AMP biologically, but without reaching its full mineralization.
Assuntos
Ampicilina/análise , Bactérias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Técnicas de Cultura Celular por Lotes/métodos , Compostos de Amônio/análise , Bactérias/metabolismo , Biodegradação Ambiental , Reatores Biológicos/microbiologia , Biotransformação , NitrificaçãoRESUMO
En la Sección Clínica Médico Forense del Departamento de Medicina Legal se valoran pacientes enviados por la Sala Constitucional por interposición de Recursos de Hábeas Corpus, ésto, debido a las presuntas lesiones causadas por parte de funcionarios de alguna Autoridad Estatal. Este artículo pretende revisar qué es un Recurso de Hábeas Corpus y cómo se elabora, al unísono la relación directa con la valoración médico forense y las conclusiones médico legales respectivas, por lo que ejemplificamos un caso real de la Sección supra mencionada.
In Sección Clínica Médico Forense of Departamento de Medicina Legal we valued clients referred by the Constitutional Court by filing habeas corpus, this, because the alleged injuries caused by officials of any state authority. This article reviews what is a writ of habeas corpus and how it is produced, together with the direct and forensic evaluation forensic respective conclusions, so that exemplify a real case of above mentioned Section.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Acidentes de Trabalho , Costa Rica , Medicina LegalRESUMO
Los accidentes de tránsito terrestres en Costa Rica se han convertido en un serio problema de salud pública, que derivan ya sea en lesiones graves o bien en muertes de personas de todas las edades. Estos eventos incluyen el atropellamiento, las colisiones y choques, y producen cuadros lesionológicos muy diversos de acuerdo a la participación de las personas, el tipo de vehículo y la forma en la que se produce el traumatismo. Así mismo, se debe tener en cuenta la participación de factores coadyuvantes como el uso del casco y el cinturón de seguridad, o bien el consumo de alcohol y el uso del teléfono móvil. La valoración médico legal de las víctimas, vivas o muertas de accidentes de tránsito, está a cargo del Departamento de Medicina Legal del Organismo de Investigación Judicial, y se hace por solicitud de una Autoridad Judicial competente.
Traffic accidents in Costa Rica have become a major public health threat, since they produce severe injuries o even death of people of all ages. These events include car run over, collisions and car crashes, which derive in a huge variety of injuries, regarding the roll that people play in the accident, the vehicle involved and the manner in which trauma is held. Nevertheless, out coming factors such as the use of helmet, the buckling of seat belts, alcohol drinking and mobile phone use must be considered an assessed. The medical examination of victims, living or death in traffic accidents might be requested by Costa Rican Court of Law, and is the task of the Departamento de Medicina Legal of the Organismo de Investigación Judicial, which is the government office in charge of crime investigation.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Acidentes de Trânsito , Costa Rica , Medicina Legal , Saúde PúblicaRESUMO
En Medicina del Trabajo del Departamento de Medicina Legal se atienden casos de enfermedad laboral, donde el estrés laboral ha aumentado su incidencia como factor predisponerte de enfermedades profesionales destacando el infarto agudo del miocardio como una de ellas. Este artículo pretende revisar los criterios diagnósticos del infarto del miocardio, factores de riesgo, mecanismos y síntomas del estrés laboral, rehabilitación postinfarto y recomendaciones para la prevención de las enfermedades cardiovasculares.
We evaluated a patient who was working for a public institution that provides care for all types of emergencies, was subjected daily to a great stress at work one day showed typical chest pain and was managed as an acute coronary syndrome. This article reviews the diagnostic criteria for heart attack, risk factors, mechanisms and symptoms of work stress, post heart attack rehabilitation and recommendations for prevention of cardiovascular disease.