RESUMO
The present work describes the anti-measles vaccination program by the inhaled aerosol method undertaken in Mexico between 1988 and 1990. Detailed descriptions are given of the equipment, staff, training programs, promotion and campaigns. The vaccine is specified: Edmonston-Zagreb strain cultured in diploid cells at the Instituto Nacional de Virología of the Secretaría de Salud in Mexico with titres varying from 1045 plaque forming units (PFU/ml) to 1048 PFU/ml administered in a 30 sec inhalation with aerosol. During this exposure period, 2800 to 4000 PFU per child are estimated to enter the child, of which approximately 25% is the retained doses, i.e. 700 to 1000 PFU/child. A total of 3760684 children of school and pre-school age have been vaccinated in 13 of the 32 federal entities of the country. No undesirable effects of any importance were observed, and the limited serological and field studies support the effectiveness and security of this method. On the other hand, the method is much cheaper, faster and better accepted by the population than the subcutaneous injection.
Assuntos
Vacina contra Sarampo/administração & dosagem , Sarampo/prevenção & controle , Vacinação/métodos , Aerossóis , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Humanos , Lactente , MéxicoRESUMO
Ten patients with ventricular tachycardia were studied. Two groups were formed. Group A included 5 patients with idiopathic ventricular tachycardia and group B included 5 patients with coronary heart disease. In all patients an electrophysiologic study was performed and monomorphic sustained ventricular tachycardia was induced through programmed stimulation. All patients received 12 mg of intravenous adenosine. The response was satisfactory in 3 of 5 patients in group A, with the presence of sinus rhythm. No response was seen in the other 2 patients. None of the patients in group B responded to the administration of intravenous adenosine. We concluded that adenosine may be useful in patients with cyclic AMP-mediated triggered activity ventricular tachycardia, in contrast to the coronary heart disease patients in which the mechanism is reentry. This interpretation is supported by results obtained in 15 experiments in canine heart.
Assuntos
Adenosina , Taquicardia Ventricular/diagnóstico , Adenosina/administração & dosagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Estimulação Cardíaca Artificial , Criança , Cães , Eletrocardiografia/efeitos dos fármacos , Eletrofisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Isquemia Miocárdica/diagnóstico , Isquemia Miocárdica/tratamento farmacológico , Taquicardia Ventricular/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
To evaluate the surface (12 derivations) electrocardiogram in its possibility to predict left ventricular hypertrophy, the diastolic thickness of the posterior wall of the left ventricle was determined by M mode echocardiography in 12 normal persons and 47 hypertensive patients. In all cases the echocardiographic findings concerning diastolic thickness of the free wall of the left ventricle were studied as well as their relation ship to several electrocardiographic criteria mentioned in literature as indicative of left ventricle hypertrophy. The sensitivity, specificity and precision were calculated for each EKG criterion. The electrocardiographic criteria in general are little sensitive, highly specific and very variable in its accuracy. The most sensitive criteria found as indicative of left ventricle hypertrophy were the T positive wave in V1 higher than the T in V6 and the intrinsecoid deflection time inscription higher than 0.04 sec.
Assuntos
Cardiomegalia/diagnóstico , Ecocardiografia , Eletrocardiografia , Hipertensão/complicações , Cardiomegalia/etiologia , Humanos , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
In 1974, two adult specimens of triatoma were obtained in the municipality of Calvillo, Aguascalientes. Tripomastigotes were found by studying their excreta in the microscope. Since no reports of naturally infected triatoma were reported from Aguascalientes, we decided to further study this finding. Additional triatoma specimens were collected from this municipality and their excreta was infected to albino mice. Twenty one days later the animals had parasitemia and with tripomastigotes, some of them died. The survivors were sacrificed and their heart was obtained for histological sections all of them had nests of amastigotes. Cultures were performed from the blood of infected animals employing as a nest NNN (Novy, Mc Neal, Nicolle), and epimastigotes and tripomastigotes grew. The lesions found in the histological study, the evolutive forms of the parasite in the transmitting insect and the host, strongly suggest the presence of trypanosoma cruzi.
Assuntos
Doença de Chagas/transmissão , Insetos Vetores/parasitologia , Triatoma/parasitologia , Triatominae/parasitologia , Trypanosoma cruzi/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Fezes/parasitologia , México , Camundongos , Trypanosoma cruzi/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
We report two cases of late perforation of the right ventricle due to arrow head endocardial electrodes, used for pacemaker stimulation in patients with complete atrio-ventricular block. Comments on the treatment of this complication are made. In one case the electrode was removed and the myocardium sutured. In the second case the distal part of the electrode was left in the pericardial cavity. In both cases epicardial electrodes were placed to continue the stimulation changing the site of implantation of the power source.
Assuntos
Traumatismos Cardíacos/etiologia , Marca-Passo Artificial/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Eletrodos Implantados/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Bloqueio Cardíaco/terapia , Traumatismos Cardíacos/cirurgia , Ventrículos do Coração/lesões , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Se relatan dos casos de perforaciom tardia del ventriculo derecho que se presenta como complicacion debida al uso de electrodos endocardicos, en "punta del flecha", utilizados en la estimulacion con marcapaso para enfermos con bloqueo auriculo-ventricular completo Se hace mencion al tratamiento de la complicacion en uno de ellos, con el retiro del electrodo y sutura del miocardio,y en el otro dejando el extremo distal del electrodo en la cavidad pericardica. En ambos casos se colocaron electrodos epicardicos para continuar estimulando, cambiando el sitio de inplantacion de la fuente