RESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN: El Centro Internacional de Investigaciones sobre el Cáncer incluyó la exposición ocupacional y ambiental de bomberos, en su listado de carcinógenos para humanos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un scoping review de la literatura disponible sobre el riesgo de cáncer en bomberos, inicialmente una búsqueda primaria de artículos publicados en los últimos 10 años en PubMed, usando los términos MeSH "Neoplasms" AND "Firefighters", encontrándose un total de 38 textos. Adicionalmente, se realizó una búsqueda secundaria en la misma base de datos y período de tiempo, utilizando los términos "Ocupational Exposure" AND "Risk" AND "Firefighters" AND "Cancer" encontrándose 77 artículos. De este listado se seleccionaron 3 artículos de la búsqueda primaria y 3 de la búsqueda secundaria que fueron incluidos en la revisión. RESULTADOS: Se ha documentado que los bomberos están potencialmente expuestos, en todos los tipos de emergencias con fuego, a una variedad de sustancias tóxicas y cancerígenas. En diversos metaanálisis y revisiones sistemáticas se encontraron asociaciones entre la extinción de incendios y algunos tipos de cáncer. Conclusiones: Identificar asociaciones entre las exposiciones ocupacionales de los bomberos y el riesgo de cáncer es una tarea desafiante principalmente debido al origen multifactorial del cáncer. La mejor forma de disminuir la exposición es implementando medidas de prevención.
INTRODUCTION: the International Agency for Research on Cancer included the occupational and environmental exposure of firefighters, in the list of carcinogens for humans. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A scoping review of the available literature on the risk of cancer in firefighters was carried out. Results: It has been documented that firefighters are potentially exposed, in all types of fire emergencies, to a variety of toxic and carcinogenic substances. In several meta-analyses and systematic reviews, associations were found between firefighting and some types of cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Identifying associations between firefighters' occupational exposures and cancer risk is a challenging task mainly due to the multifactorial origin of cancer. The best way to reduce exposure is to implement preventative measures.
Assuntos
Humanos , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Bombeiros/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias/etiologia , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Doenças Profissionais/etiologia , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Medição de Risco , IncêndiosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: the International Agency for Research on Cancer included the occupational and environmental exposure of firefighters, in the list of carcinogens for humans. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A scoping review of the available literature on the risk of cancer in firefighters was carried out. RESULTS: It has been documented that firefighters are potentially exposed, in all types of fire emergencies, to a variety of toxic and carcinogenic substances. In several meta-analyses and systematic reviews, associations were found between firefighting and some types of cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Identifying associations between firefighters' occupational exposures and cancer risk is a challenging task mainly due to the multifactorial origin of cancer. The best way to reduce exposure is to implement preventative measures.