RESUMO
In this work, it is presented a first approach of a mathematical and kinetic analysis for improving the decoloration and further degradation process of an azo dye named acid red 27 (AR27), by means of a novel microbial consortium formed by the fungus Trametes versicolor and the bacterium Pseudomonas putida. A multivariate analysis was carried out by simulating scenarios with different operating conditions and developing a specific mathematical model based on kinetic equations describing all stages of the biological process, from microbial growth and substrate consuming to decoloration and degradation of intermediate compounds. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was performed by using a factorial design and the Response Surface Method (RSM), for determining individual and interactive effects of variables like, initial glucose concentration, initial dye concentration and the moment in time for bacterial inoculation, on response variables assessed in terms of the minimum time for: full decoloration of AR27 (R1 = 2.375 days); maximum production of aromatic metabolites (R2 = 1.575 days); and full depletion of aromatic metabolites (R3 = 12.9 days). Using RSM the following conditions improved the biological process, being: an initial glucose concentration of 20 g l-1, an initial AR27 concentration of 0.2 g l-1 and an inoculation moment in time of P. putida at day 1. The mathematical model is a feasible tool for describing AR27 decoloration and its further degradation by the microbial consortium of T. versicolor and P. putida, this model will also work as a mathematical basis for designing novel bio-reaction systems than can operate with the same principle of the described consortium.
RESUMO
Novel materials using biowaste as adsorbents in wastewater treatment have been allocated considerable interest. Herein, we present the synthesis of different hydrogels of crosslinked polyacrylamide in presence of hemicelluloses with/ without bentonite, using a soft reaction condition. The structure of new hydrogels was characterized by spectroscopic, thermal and microscopic experiments. The semi-interpenetrated network with hemicelluloses: 10 %; acrylamide 79 %; bentonite 10 %; N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine: 1 % allows reducing 20 % the use of non-renewable acrylamide, without changing its decomposition temperatures and keeping its water absorption capacity. This hydrogel was applied to dye removals, such as rhodamine B, methylene red and methylene blue in aqueous solutions. In the case of methylene blue, highest removal is observed with maximum adsorption of qmax = 140.66 mg/g, compared to material without hemicelluloses that only a qmax = 88.495 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics and equilibrium adsorption isotherms are in accordance with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model, respectively. The developed hydrogel from hemicelluloses represents a potential alternative adsorbent for a sustainable system of sewage treatment.
Assuntos
Hidrogéis , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Hidrogéis/química , Azul de Metileno/química , Bentonita , Água , Acrilamidas , Adsorção , Cinética , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Corantes/químicaRESUMO
Acute pancreatitis (AP) and recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP) are conditions, whose incidence is apparently on the rise. Despite the ever-increasing evidence regarding the management of AP in children and adults, therapeutic actions that could potentially affect having a poor prognosis in those patients, especially in the pediatric population, continue to be carried out. Therefore, the Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología convened a group of 24 expert pediatric gastroenterologists from different institutions and areas of Mexico, as well as 2 pediatric nutritionists and 2 specialists in pediatric surgery, to discuss different aspects of the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of AP and RAP in the pediatric population. The aim of this document is to present the consensus results. Different AP topics were addressed by 6 working groups, each of which reviewed the information and formulated statements considered pertinent for each module, on themes involving recommendations and points of debate, concerning diagnostic or therapeutic approaches. All the statements were presented and discussed. They were then evaluated through a Delphi process, with electronic and anonymous voting, to determine the level of agreement on the statements. A total of 29 statements were formulated, all of which reached above 75% agreement in the first round of voting.
Assuntos
Pancreatite , Adulto , Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Pancreatite/diagnóstico , Pancreatite/terapia , Consenso , Doença Aguda , México/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Chemical modification in surface of cellulose nanofibrils CNFs (20 nm) from an endemic and non-significant value-added, Argentine bamboo, was developed. The modification in the CNFs was carried out with three simple routes using a low molecular weight polylactic acid synthesized in our laboratory (PLA1). The first step comprises of protection of the hydroxyl groups of PLA1 through a benzoylation (PLA1Bz). The next step consisted of the activation of carboxyl groups using thionyl chloride and the last reaction was the grafting of the modified PLA onto the CNFs (PLA1Bz-g-CNF). The covalently functionalization is confirmed by spectroscopically techniques as well as PLA1Bz-g-CNFs were characterized by thermal analyses. The PLA1Bz-g-CNFs were taken up such as nanocharges to improve properties of compatibilization and changing surface properties in films based on PLA. The comparison between the films with PLA1Bz-g-CNFs with respect to the physic mixture of the components (PLA1Bz/CNF), shows an improvement in the thermal, mechanical, and surface properties of the material, particularly when 5% of PLA1Bz-g-CNFs was added. The dispersive (γS D) component of film is increased in 36.1 mN/m respect to 29.3 mN/m from the films obtained with the physic mixture nanofibrils without modification and a plasticizing effect was noticed in the final material.
Assuntos
Celulose , Nanofibras , Celulose/química , Nanofibras/química , Poliésteres/química , Propriedades de Superfície , Resistência à TraçãoRESUMO
There has been a recent increase in the consumption of cow's milk substitutes, specifically plant-based beverages, which have erroneously been named "plant milks". Plant-based beverages do not have a standard of identity, and so their nutritional composition can vary from one brand to another, even within the same category. The aim of the present narrative review was to produce a technical opinion to serve as a frame of reference for sustaining the recommendation of soy plant-based beverages. Nutrition and gastroenterology experts that belong to the Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología jointly commented on and analyzed themes on plant-based beverages, and on soy drinks in particular, including their nutritional characteristics, consumption in children, and potential growth and development alterations, as well as soy drink consumption in adults and its association with gastrointestinal alterations and other conditions. Plant-based beverages, including those made from soy, are not a replacement for breastmilk or breastmilk substitutes. Soy beverages are considered safe and can enrich the varied diet of its consumers, as long as they are considered an additional liquid portion of the diet. They can be ingested by adults and children above two years of age that present with cow's milk protein allergy or lactose intolerance.
Assuntos
Leite de Soja , Adulto , Animais , Criança , Dieta , Guias como Assunto , Humanos , Masculino , CoelhosRESUMO
HSP70 protein is involved in Leishmania differentiation, apoptosis, antimony-resistance and host-immune response. Therefore, this protein and the regulatory mechanisms of HSP70 gene expression are promising targets for therapeutic intervention against leishmaniasis. The regulation of mRNA expression in trypanosomatids operates mostly through the interaction of trans-acting proteins, and elements located in the untranslated regions of mRNAs. The aim of this work was to identify protein factors interacting specifically with the Leishmania braziliensis HSP70 mRNAs. Thus, the 5' UTR and the two types of 3' UTRs (UTR-I and UTR-II) from L. braziliensis HSP70 genes were used as baits in pull down assays using total protein extracts from parasites cultured at 26 or 35°C. The captured proteins were resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and identified by mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. As a result, 52 different proteins were identified based on their binding to the L. braziliensis HSP70-mRNAs. As expected, several of the identified proteins were related to RNA metabolism (27%) and translation process (7%). In addition, five hypothetical conserved proteins having motifs related with RNA interaction were also identified (9.6%). Nevertheless, unexpected proteins, apparently unrelated to the mRNA expression, were also identified. The biological significance of these and others L. braziliensis detected proteins, including the HSP70 itself, is discussed. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: For the first time, a riboproteomic analysis of the proteins interacting with the untranslated regions of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) mRNA from Leishmania braziliensis was carried out. This work provides new insights related to protein factors putatively involved in the regulation of HSP70 gene expression in L. braziliensis, and thereby, contributes to a better understanding of the parasite biology, and ultimately to the development of novel therapeutic interventions for controlling the important diseases caused by this parasite.
Assuntos
Regiões 3' não Traduzidas/fisiologia , Regiões 5' não Traduzidas/fisiologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/biossíntese , Leishmania braziliensis/metabolismo , Proteínas de Protozoários/biossíntese , RNA de Protozoário/metabolismo , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/genética , Leishmania braziliensis/genética , Proteínas de Protozoários/genética , RNA de Protozoário/genéticaRESUMO
Rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma is an extremely rare congenital lesion, and very few cases have been reported even though its macroscopic and microscopic features make diagnosis easy. An 18-year-old woman consulted with a pedunculated mass in the medial region of her neck. The mass was surgically removed, and rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma was diagnosed. The clinical, macroscopic, histologic, and immunochemical characteristics that allow diagnosis of this entity are discussed. Although association with congenital abnormalities is uncommon, this possibility should be assessed by the clinician.
Assuntos
Hamartoma/congênito , Dermatopatias/congênito , Adolescente , Feminino , Hamartoma/diagnóstico , Hamartoma/patologia , Hamartoma/cirurgia , Humanos , Mesoderma/patologia , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/patologia , Pescoço , Dermatopatias/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias/patologia , Dermatopatias/cirurgiaRESUMO
Traditionally it has been said that pregnancy and delivery are natural, physiological processes that should develop without problems for the mother. However, both may produce severe complications, that may cause death of the woman with a variable frequency, according to several factors such as availability and quality of obstetrical care, as well as population characteristics, that are special one in our country, as most of it belongs to the so called open population, as they do not have medical services at Social Security Institutions, and of private medicine, and so, they belong to the lowest socio-economical condition, and because of this, mortality incidence is high, with rates between 90.30 and 57.15 for 100,000 births, which are quite different from the ones for developed countries, from 9 and 30 per 100,000 births; so, it can be said that Maternal Mortality rates for a certain country, show its development degree.
Assuntos
Mortalidade Materna , Complicações na Gravidez/mortalidade , Análise de Variância , Feminino , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Transtornos Puerperais/mortalidadeRESUMO
We tested the effectiveness of specific vs. general infection control interventions in a teaching hospital in Guatemala City. After 3 months of prospective surveillance, we implemented targeted interventions (i.e., modification of respiratory tract care and use of a closed urinary catheter drainage system), an educational program focused on respiratory intervention, and general interventions (i.e., aseptic technique). The rate of nosocomial pneumonia, the most common nosocomial infection, decreased from 33% (41 of 123 patients) before intervention to 16% (21 of 130 patients) after intervention (P = .001). Although the frequency of hand washing increased from 5% to 63% (P < .001), the rates of other types of nosocomial infections did not change significantly. The combination of targeted respiratory intervention and an intense, focused educational campaign reduced the rate of nosocomial pneumonia. General improvements in hygiene and hand washing rates, or even implementation of a closed urinary drainage system without focused education, may not be sufficient to reduce infection rates in intensive care units in developing countries.
Assuntos
Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Adulto , Antibacterianos/economia , Custos e Análise de Custo , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/mortalidade , Países em Desenvolvimento , Surtos de Doenças , Feminino , Guatemala/epidemiologia , Desinfecção das Mãos , Hospitais de Ensino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pneumonia/epidemiologia , Pneumonia/mortalidade , Pneumonia/prevenção & controle , Estudos ProspectivosAssuntos
Maternidades/estatística & dados numéricos , Ruptura Uterina/epidemiologia , Fatores Etários , Feminino , Morte Fetal/epidemiologia , Humanos , Incidência , Mortalidade Materna , México/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Ruptura Uterina/classificação , Ruptura Uterina/etiologia , Ruptura Uterina/mortalidadeAssuntos
Mortalidade Materna , Feminino , Humanos , México , Pré-Eclâmpsia/mortalidade , Gravidez , Fatores SocioeconômicosAssuntos
Transtornos Puerperais/epidemiologia , Inércia Uterina/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gravidez , Transtornos Puerperais/complicações , Choque/etiologia , Choque/mortalidade , Hemorragia Uterina/etiologia , Inércia Uterina/complicaçõesRESUMO
Se estudiaron 50 casos de inercia uterina atendidos en el Hospital de la Mujer de la Secretaria de Salubridad y Asistencia. Se analizaron edad, paridad, factores predisponentes, evolucion y tratamiento. La frecuencia fue mayor en los grupos de menor edad y de menor numero de embarazos, lo cual no concuerda con lo informado en otros estudios. Los principales factores predisponentes fueron el trabajo de parto prolongado (34 por ciento), el uso inadecuado de ocitocicos (26 por ciento) y la toxemia (24 por ciento). En la mayoria de los casos la inercia ocurrio en el puerperio inmediato de un parto eutocico. Cuando no hubo respuesta al tratamiento tradicional con ocitocitos, se reccurrio a la histerectomia como ultimo recurso terapeutico (19 casos). La mortalidad materno global fue del 14 por ciento (siete casos) y ocurrio principalmente en pacientes sometidos a histerectomia (seis casos) posiblemente por la indicacion tardia de la intervencion