RESUMO

The excess of salts in soils causes stress in most plants, except for some halophytes that can tolerate higher levels of salinity. The excess of Na+ generates an ionic imbalance, reducing the K+ content and altering cellular metabolism, thus impacting in plant growth and development. Additionally, salinity in soil induces water stress due to osmotic effects and increments the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that affect the cellular structure, damaging membranes and proteins, and altering the electrochemical potential of H+, which directly affects nutrient absorption by membrane transporters. However, plants possess mechanisms to overcome the toxicity of the sodium ions, such as internalization into the vacuole or exclusion from the cell, synthesis of enzymes or protective compounds against ROS, and the synthesis of metabolites that help to regulate the osmotic potential of plants. Physiologic and molecular mechanisms of salinity tolerance in plants will be addressed in this review. Furthermore, a revision of strategies taken by researchers to confer salt stress tolerance on agriculturally important species are discussed. These strategies include conventional breeding and genetic engineering as transgenesis and genome editing by CRISPR/Cas9.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Synthetic phantoms that recreate the characteristics of biological tissues are valuable tools for systematically studying and comprehending physiologies, pathologies, and biological processes related to tissues. The reproduction of mechanical and optical properties allows for the development and evaluation of novel systems and applications in areas such as imaging, optics, ultrasound, or dosimetry, among others. This paper proposes a methodology for manufacturing agarose-based phantoms that mimics the optical properties of healthy brain tissue within the wavelength infrared range of 800 to 820 nm. The fabrication of such phantoms enables the possibility of testing and experimentation in controlled and safe environments toward the design of new near-infrared multispectral imaging systems in neurosurgery. The results of an experimental optical characterization study indicate the validity and reliability of the proposed method for fabricating brain tissue phantoms in a cost-effective and straightforward fashion.

RESUMO

Synthetic chemicals are mainly used for the control of fungal diseases in tomato, causing the phytopathogens to generate resistance to the chemical active ingredient, with a consequent risk to human health and the environment. The use of plant extracts is an option for the control of these diseases, which is why the main objective of this research was to study an alternative biocontrol strategy for the management of plant diseases caused by fungi through obtaining polyphenol extracts from mistletoe plants growing on three different tree species-mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa), cedar (Cedrus), and oak (Quercus), which contain flavones, anthocyanins, and luteolin. The overall chemical structure of the obtained plant extracts was investigated by RP-HPLC-ESI-MS liquid chromatography. The antifungal effect of these extracts was examined. The target phytopathogenic fungi were isolated from tomato plantations located in Altamira, Tamaulipas, Mexico. The microorganisms were characterized by classical and molecular methods and identified as Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium sp., and Rhizoctonia solani.

RESUMO

La enfermedad oclusiva aortoilíaca, o síndrome de Leriche, es una forma de la enfermedad arterial periférica, en la cual existe una oclusión de las arterias ilíacas desde su bifurcación. Su manifestación clínica es variable y la claudicación intermitente es la más frecuente; no obstante, es una enfermedad usualmente subdiagnosticada por su cronicidad y el sedentarismo de los adultos mayores, quienes más la presentan. Para el diagnóstico se cuenta con un abanico de opciones, que incluyen pruebas invasivas y no invasivas; la arteriografía es el método de elección. El tratamiento, por su parte, involucra cambios en el estilo de vida aunados a un tratamiento conservador o quirúrgico, según cada individuo

Aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD) or Leriche's syndrome is a form of peripheral arterial disease in which there is occlusion of the iliac arteries starting at the aorto- iliac bifurcation. Clinical manifestation are variable, with intermittent claudication being the most frequent; nevertheless, it is usually underdiagnosed because of its chronicity and the sedentarism of the elderly, the age group that is most frequently affected. A variety of options are available for the diagnosis, including invasive and non-invasive tests, arteriography being the method of choice. Treatment involves changes in the lifestyle coupled with a conservative or surgical management depending on the individual patient

Assuntos

RESUMO

Se estudiaron 66 niños para relacionar el estado nutricional con las cifras de glicemia en diferentes horas del día y comparar el método de glucoscot con los métodos convencionales de laboratorio. La distribución etarea fue 54.5% lactantes y 45.45% pre-escolares, de éstos 38 (57.5%) pertenecían al sexo masculino y 28 (42.4%) al femenino. A cada uno de éstos niños se les evaluó el estado nutricional por diferentes métodos obteniéndose que 39.3% eran eutróficos, 37,8% desnutridos leves, 12,1% desnutridos moderados y 10,6% desnutridos graves. A cada niño se les llenó una hoja de protocolo que contenía: edad, peso, talla, antecedentes patológicos, etc. Se les practicó un examen físico completo buscando signos de desnutrición. Se anotaban en la hoja de protocolo, las cifras de glicemia en las diferentes tomas de acuerdo a las horas previamente establecidas (12 pm; 7.30 am. y 12 pm.). En el presente estudio encontramos que las cifras promedio de glicemia disminuyen a medida que aumenta el grado de desnutrición correspondiendo 67.1 mg%, 55 mg% y 53 mg% para los desnutridos leves, moderados y graves respectivamente, en la toma de las 7.30 am. Existiendo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las cifras promedio de glicemia de los desnutridos moderados y graves con los eutróficos en las tomas de menor o mayor ayuno (7.30 am. 12 pm). Al comparar las cifras promedio de glicemia al sexo, se observo que eran más bajas en los desnutridos del sexo masculino, pero sin significación estadística. Los desnutridos leves se comportaron igual que los eutróficos en las cifras promedio de glicemia

Assuntos