RESUMO
Objective: To evaluate the association of the dietary inflammatory index adjusted for energy (E-DII®) with the evolution of maternal body mass index and human milk lipid (HM) profile in the first 6 months postpartum. Methods: This is a cohort study with 260 Brazilian women (19-43 years old) in the postpartum period. Sociodemographic, gestational, and anthropometric data of the mother were obtained in the immediate postpartum period and in the six monthly meetings. A food frequency questionnaire was applied at baseline and used to calculate the E-DII score. Mature HM was collected, analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and the Rose Gottlib method. Generalized estimation equation models were built. Results: Women with >E-DII showed lower adherence to physical activity during pregnancy (p = 0.027), higher frequency of cesarean delivery (p = 0.024), and higher body mass index over time (p < 0.001). At the end of the 6th month, 35 women remained in the study. As for HM, 151 analyses were performed, detecting in the 3rd collection greater fat (%) among those with >E-DII (4.27 ± 1.98 vs. 3.75 ± 2.48; p = 0.003). Conclusion: Diets with >E-DII can impact the type of delivery, change the evolution of maternal nutritional status, and the stability of the lipid profile of HM.
Assuntos
Leite Humano , Estado Nutricional , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Leite Humano/química , Estudos de Coortes , Aleitamento Materno , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Dieta , Lipídeos/análiseRESUMO
Chronic inflammation and redox imbalance are strongly influenced by diet and nutritional status, and both are risk factors for tumor development. This prospective study aimed to explore the associations between inflammatory and antioxidant markers and nutritional status in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. The women were evaluated at three times: T0, after the infusion of the first cycle; T1, after infusion of the intermediate cycle; and T2, after the infusion of the last chemotherapy cycle. The consumption of antioxidant nutrients and the Total Dietary Antioxidant Capacity reduced between T0 and T2 and the Dietary Inflammatory Index scores increased throughout the chemotherapy. Blood samples taken at the end of the chemotherapy showed lower levels of glutathione reductase and reduced glutathione, with greater quantification of the transcripts for Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor α. It should be emphasized that the Total Dietary Antioxidant Capacity is lower and the Dietary Inflammatory Index is higher in the group of overweight patients at the end of the follow-up, besides showing lower levels of the redox status, especially the plasma levels of glutathione reductase (p = 0.039). In addition, trends towards higher transcriptional levels of cytokines in peripheral blood were observed more often in overweight women than in non-overweight women. In this study of 55 women with breast cancer, nine (16%) with metastases, diet became more pro-inflammatory with fewer antioxidants during the chemotherapy. Briefly, we have shown that chemotherapy is critical for high-risk overweight women due to their reduced intake of antioxidant nutrients, generating greater inflammatory and oxidative stress profiles, suggesting the adoption of healthier dietary practices by women with breast cancer throughout their chemotherapy.