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Transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval has gained universal acceptance with an excellent safety record overall. However, even with contemporary ultrasound resolution, the aspiration needle can injure adjacent pelvic organs and blood vessels and result in external and internal bleeding. Although the idea that Doppler ultrasound might reduce the risk of blood vessel injury during follicular aspiration seems to be plausable, measurement of peritoneal blood loss and the validity of this opinion has never been appropriately tested. Using a proposed classification method in an IVF programme, it was estimated that a significant peritoneal bleeding occurred in 56/898 (6%) of IVF patients. Although Doppler ultrasound was routinely used in all patients, it did not predict 24/53 (45%) of the patients with moderate peritoneal bleeding. In 8/53 cases (15%) with moderate peritoneal bleeding, vaginal bleeding was also detected and correctly predicted during oocyte aspiration using colour Doppler vaginal vessel imaging. Colour Doppler ultrasound guidance is an easily accessible technology with a theoretical promise to improve IVF safety and, with proper usage, has the potential to reduce haemorrhagic complications.

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Demostrar que la migración de la burbuja de aire postransferencia embrionaria es un evento al azar que no depende de la posición del paciente. Estudio prospectivo multicéntrico. Se practicó transferencia embrionaria a 69 pacientes bajo guía ultrasonográfica. Se cargó el catéter de transferencia con una o dos burbujas junto con el medio conteniendo los embriones usando catéter de Frydman o catéter de Wallace y luego se les hizo seguimiento ecográfico en posición horizontal, 20-25 minutos más tarde y luego a los 90 minutos postransferencia en posición vertical para verificar movimiento y configuración de las burbujas. Centro Médico Docente La Trinidad, Caracas. Nortwestern University Feimberg School of medicine, Chicago, IL. EE.UU. En 50 (72,46 por ciento) de las pacientes se observó movimiento de las burbujas. En posición de pie se demostró una distribución al azar sin efecto visible de la gravedad. Las burbujas de aire se mueven y dividen frecuentemente posterior a la transferencia con la paciente en posición horizontal y de pie, lo que sugiere actividad contráctil uterina. No fue común observar movimiento de burbujas relacionada con la gravedad, lo que sugiere que el descanso horizontal postransferencia embrionaria puede ser innecesario.

To demonstrate that air bubble migration is a random event after embryo transfer regardless of the position of patient. Multicenter prospective study. Sixty nine embryo transfers were performed under ultrasound guidance. Transfer catheter was loaded with one or two air bubbles and medium containing embryos, either Wallace catheter or Frydman catheter were used, ultrasound tracking of air bubble was performed to verify movement and configuration inmediately, 20-25 minutes in horizontal position and 90 minutes on standing position after embryo transfer. Centro Medico Docente La Trinidad, Caracas. Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Movement was observed in 50 (72,46 percent) of the patients. Movement was not observed related to gravity while standing up. Air bubbles move and split frequently after embryo transfer with the patient in the horizontal position and on standing, suggestive of active uterine contractions. Gravity related bubble motion was uncommon, suggesting that horizontal rest post embryo transfer may be unnecessary.

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PURPOSE: To analyze the results of our transferred embryos, especially those that "changed" their blastomere nuclearity from Multinucleated (MN) to Mono-nucleated during development. METHODS: Pregnancies where at least one MN embryo was transferred were retrospectively evaluated and categorized in order to record and follow-up on the ones that were implanted. Embryos were classified as normal (when all blastomeres were mono-nucleated on day one and two of development), corrected (multinucleated embryos on day one that became mono-nucleated on day two) and non-corrected (multinucleated either on day one, on day two or both days). RESULTS: There were 633 transfer cycles analyzed. Thirty-three percent (206) had at least one embryo with a MN blastomere at a given stage of development. Pregnancy and implantation rates were 29.0% and 19.0% for the group of exclusively mono-nucleated embryo transfers, and 28.6% and 15.8% for the group with at least one MN embryo transferred. The pregnancy outcome for "corrected" and "non-corrected" embryos could be corroborated unequivocally in only 9 cases, with an outcome of 8 and 4 normal babies, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Because the amount of data analyzed is not satisfactorily large, differences were not significantly different; however, a trend may exist showing that normal at term pregnancies obtained from corrected embryos are more likely to occur than those from non-corrected embryos. Nuclear observation on a daily basis should be one of the strategies used to select the best embryos for transferring, to improve implantation rates and avoid multiple pregnancies.

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A 40-year-old patient underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection and assisted hatching, and a single embryo was transferred. Ultrasonography demonstrated a single gestational sac containing monochorionic tri-amniotic pregnancy. Several factors that have been implicated in the aetiology of monozygotic triple pregnancies after IVF appear to be present in this case. To avoid multiple pregnancies after IVF, it is time to have definite predictive factors for the occurrence of monozygotic multiple pregnancies as well as transferring only a single embryo.

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Assisted reproductive techniques have become a routine treatment for infertility. The extended use of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues in assisted reproductive techniques has made luteal phase support mandatory, as it has been clearly demonstrated that they alter luteal LH pulsatility. For luteal support, HCG administration, though effective, has a high risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Progesterone continues to be the gold standard for supplementation. Vaginal progesterone represents a highly effective alternative to painful intramuscular injections. The vaginal route is mainly characterized by direct delivery of the progesterone to the endometrium, thus producing high levels at the target tissue and a very low incidence of side effects.

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Se presenta una serie de veinte y cinco microlaparoscopias realizadas bajo anestesia local y sedación. En cinco pacientes el diagnóstico fue comparado con la visión laparoscópica. Se logra la visualización aceptada de los órganos pélvicos y las pacientes refirieron pocas molestias. La microlaparoscopia puede potencialmente reemplazar a la macrolaparoscopia en casos seleccionados

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La ecografía transvaginal (ETV) fue practicada en embarazadas por fertilización asistida. Fueron seguidas con la ETV y con ß-hCG semanalmente a partir del 14§ día hasta la 7§ semana. Un saco gestacional (SG) de 1,9 fue visualizado al día 15. A partir del día 17, un SG siempre fue observado. No hay ninguna correlación individual entre la talla del saco y el ß-hCG. El primer embrión fue visto el día 21. Después del día 27 todos los SG contenían un embrión. La frecuencia cardíaca fetal (FCF) fue observada desde el día 23. Los embriones sin ritmo cardíaco visible después del día 28 no fueron viables. Se presentaron 3 embarazos extrauterinos (EEU), uno de ellos asociados a un embrazo intrauterino que fue tratado con laporoscopia operatoria el día 34 y 35

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