RESUMO
Recent developments in High Throughput Sequencing (HTS) technologies and bioinformatics, including improved read lengths and genome assemblers allow the reconstruction of complex genomes with unprecedented quality and contiguity. Sugarcane has one of the most complicated genomes among grassess with a haploid length of 1Gbp and a ploidies between 8 and 12. In this work, we present a genome assembly of the Colombian sugarcane hybrid CC 01-1940. Three types of sequencing technologies were combined for this assembly: PacBio long reads, Illumina paired short reads, and Hi-C reads. We achieved a median contig length of 34.94 Mbp and a total genome assembly of 903.2 Mbp. We annotated a total of 63,724 protein coding genes and performed a reconstruction and comparative analysis of the sucrose metabolism pathway. Nucleotide evolution measurements between orthologs with close species suggest that divergence between Saccharum officinarum and Saccharum spontaneum occurred <2 million years ago. Synteny analysis between CC 01-1940 and the S. spontaneum genome confirms the presence of translocation events between the species and a random contribution throughout the entire genome in current sugarcane hybrids. Analysis of RNA-Seq data from leaf and root tissue of contrasting sugarcane genotypes subjected to water stress treatments revealed 17,490 differentially expressed genes, from which 3,633 correspond to genes expressed exclusively in tolerant genotypes. We expect the resources presented here to serve as a source of information to improve the selection processes of new varieties of the breeding programs of sugarcane.
RESUMO
El Potato virus X (PVX) es uno de los virus más limitantes del cultivo de la papa en el mundo. Es transmitido solamente por contacto y por tubérculo-semilla. Su control se fundamenta en la siembra de tubérculos certificados por su sanidad viral y en la disponibilidad de metodologías de diagnóstico altamente sensibles. En este trabajo se evaluó la prevalencia del PVX en cuatro diferentes tejidos de tubérculos de Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena var. Diacol-Capiro y S. phureja var. Criolla Colombia utilizando pruebas de DAS-ELISA para 128 submuestras y de RT-qPCR para 32 grupos de submuestras (4 submuestras/grupo). Los resultados de las pruebas serológicas indicaron la presencia de PVX en el 6,25 y 50% de las submuestras analizadas para la variedad Diacol-Capiro y Criolla Colombia, respectivamente; mientras que los niveles de prevalencia del PVX utilizando la detección por RT-qPCR fueron del 93,75%, independientemente de la variedad de papa y del tejido evaluado. Los valores promedio del ciclo umbral (Ct) en las RT-qPCR fueron de 25,6 (Ct=18,02 a 34,49) y el análisis de las curvas de desnaturalización permitió identificar dos variantes del virus con valores de Tm de 79,5±1°C y 83,7±1°C. La secuenciación de los amplicones obtenidos por RT-qPCR para los controles positivos y para dos de las muestras, confirmó su naturaleza viral. Estos resultados señalan unos muy altos niveles de prevalencia de PVX en el material de siembra de papa en Antioquia y la necesidad de fortalecer los programas de certificación de semilla con pruebas de detección como RT-qPCR.
Potato virus X (PVX) is one of the most important virus affecting potato crops worldwide. The virus is only transmitted mechanically and through tuber-seeds. Control of PVX is based on the usage of certified tubers, which in turn depends on the availability of sensitive diagnostic tests that allow its direct detection on seeds. In this work, the prevalence of PVX in four different tuber tissues of Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena var. Diacol-Capiro and S. phureja var. Criolla was evaluated using DAS-ELISA (128 subsamples) and RT-qPCR (4 subsamples per group). DAS-ELISA revealed the presence of PVX in 6.25 and 50% of Diacol-Capiro and Criolla Colombia subsamples; in contrast, RT-qPCR detected PVX in 93.75% of the samples independent of the potato variety or type of tissue. Ct values were in the 18.02 to 34.49 range with a mean value of 25.6. Melting curve analysis allowed the identification of two virus variants with Tm values of 79.5±1°C and 83.7±1°C. Sanger sequencing of the positive controls and two of the samples confirmed RT-qPCR amplicons to be PVX. These results reveal a high level of prevalence of PVX in potato tuber seeds used in Antioquia and the need to strengthen seed certification programs in Colombia through RT-qPCR detection assays.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Anthocyanins are the main compounds responsible for the colour of red wines and therefore it may be important to evaluate the content of the aforesaid secondary metabolites during grape ripening due to the crucial importance to determine wine colour. Nowadays, there is a growing demand of rapid and non-destructive analytical tools for analysing grapes, such as the emerging hyperspectral analysis. RESULTS: The hyperspectral images of intact grapes (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tempranillo, Graciano, Garnacha and Mazuelo red grape from vineyards located in the D.O.Ca. Rioja at two different developmental stages) were recorded using a near infrared hyperspectral imaging device (900-1700 nm). Reference values of anthocyanins were obtained by HPLC-DAD. Calibrations were performed by modified partial least squares regression and present a good potential (coefficient of determination of 0.72 and standard error of cross-validation values of 0.78 and 0.70 mg per grape for total and non-acylated anthocyanins respectively). CONCLUSION: The procedure reported here presents a good potential for a fast and reasonably inexpensive screening of these compounds in intact single berries. Moreover, the heterogeneity of anthocyanins within the same ripeness stage could be evaluated using this non-detructive tool.
Assuntos
Antocianinas/química , Análise de Alimentos , Espectroscopia de Luz Próxima ao Infravermelho/métodos , Vitis/químicaRESUMO
La terapia con baclofeno intratecal es un tratamiento que puede aliviar algunos de los síntomas de la espasticidad severa. Actualmente, la infusión de baclofeno intratecal se utiliza principalmente para el manejo de la espasticidad asociada con parálisis cerebral, lesiones cerebrales o de columna vertebral, traumatismo craneoencefálico, encefalopatía anóxica, esclerosis múltiple, distonía, secuelas de accidente cerebrovascular y síndrome del hombre rígido, especialmente para los pacientes que no responden a otros tratamientos. Los pacientes pueden sufrir efectos secundarios en sistema nervioso central con este manejo, como consecuencia de un error de dosificación del baclofeno en la bomba. El cese repentino de la administración del baclofeno intratecal puede causar síntomas, que van desde leves hasta graves. Presentamos un caso de síndrome de abstinencia por baclofeno intratecal y su manejo exitoso en un paciente en que se desarrolló espasticidad severa.
Intrathecal baclofen therapy is a treatment that can relieve some symptoms of severe spasticity. Currently intrathecal baclofen infusion is used primarily for spasticity associated with cerebral palsy, brain or spinal injury, traumatic brain injury, anoxic encephalopathy, multiple sclerosis, dystonia, stroke and stiff-man syndrome, particularly for those patients who are unresponsive. Patients can present central nervous system side effects, this can occur as a result of the pump delivering an incorrect dose of baclofen. Sudden cessation of Intrathecal baclofen administration can cause mild to severe symptoms. We report a case of Intrathecal baclofen withdrawal syndrome developing severe spasticity and its management.