RESUMO
The olive oil sector is a fundamental food in the Mediterranean diet. It has been demonstrated that the consumption of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) with a high content of phenolic compounds is beneficial in the prevention and/or treatment of many diseases. The main objective of this work was to study the relationship between the content of phenolic compounds and the in vitro neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity of EVOOs from two PDOs in the province of Granada. To this purpose, the amounts of phenolic compounds were determined by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and the inhibitory activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes by spectrophotometric and fluorimetric assays. The main families identified were phenolic alcohols, secoiridoids, lignans, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. The EVOO samples with the highest total concentration of compounds and the highest inhibitory activity belonged to the Picual and Manzanillo varieties. Statistical analysis showed a positive correlation between identified compounds and AChE and COX-2 inhibitory activity, except for lignans. These results confirm EVOO's compounds possess neuroprotective potential.
Assuntos
Fármacos Neuroprotetores , Azeite de Oliva , Fenóis , Azeite de Oliva/química , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/química , Fenóis/análise , Fenóis/química , Fenóis/farmacologia , Espanha , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Inibidores da Colinesterase/farmacologia , Inibidores da Colinesterase/química , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/farmacologia , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/química , Flavonoides/análise , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Flavonoides/químicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was estimated to increase with age and can reach 3.5%. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes in the elderly patients who attended a dental clinic and to find common risk factors. METHODS: Male patients, older than 50 years, attended their first dental visit to the School of Dentistry for a period of two years, and it was proposed to evaluate undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Periodontal, biochemical, microbiological examinations, nutritional profile, and physical activity were performed. RESULTS: A total of 106 patients were examined, 6 (5.6%) had diabetes, and 37 (34.9%) had prediabetes without prior diagnosis. The severity of periodontitis was greater in patients with diabetes. Most of the patients were overweight and had increased systolic blood pressure. Patients with prediabetes and periodontitis had a low adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Tannerella forsythia was present in more patients with periodontitis, and the prevalence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is practically absent in groups with periodontitis, except for the group with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: In the population studied, the prevalence of patients without a diagnosis of diabetes and prediabetes was very high and underestimated. The increased severity of periodontitis in patients with diabetes and in conjunction with the high level of cortisol seen in patients with periodontitis, especially those with diabetes, emphasize the dysregulation of the immunoinflammatory system. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: It is essential to add all this data to our dental practice to cover patient health with a broader landscape.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Periodontite , Estado Pré-Diabético , Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Estado Pré-Diabético/diagnóstico , Estado Pré-Diabético/epidemiologia , Estado Pré-Diabético/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/etiologia , Prevalência , Periodontite/complicações , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Tree nuts, including Brazil nuts, have been hypothesized to impact cardiovascular health through the modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation. Nonetheless, a quantitative analysis of these effects has not been performed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to systematically revise and quantify the effect of Brazil nut intervention on selenium status, blood lipids, and biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation using a meta-analytical approach. To meet the goals of this study, a systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases of published randomised clinical trials reporting on dietary interventions with Brazil nuts and their effects on selenium status, blood lipids, and markers of oxidative stress and inflammation was performed. Eight articles were included for systematic review and meta-analysis. Based on the conducted analysis, a significant positive effect of Brazil nuts on selenium blood concentration (SMD = 6.93, 95% CI: 3.99; 9.87) was found. Additionally, a positive effect of Brazil nut intervention on glutathione peroxidase activity (SMD = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.07; 0.99) was observed. However, no significant results were found when considering blood lipid levels, including results for total cholesterol (SMD = -0.22, 95% CI: -0.57; 0.14), HDL cholesterol (SMD = -0.04, 95% CI: -0.28; 0.19) and LDL cholesterol (SMD = -0.15; 95% CI: -0.43; 0.13). In conclusion, the findings from this study suggest that Brazil nut consumption improves selenium status and exerts antioxidant effects, which could be considered a potential pathway for the prevention of metabolic disorders related to altered blood lipid profiles. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the effect of Brazil nuts toward blood lipid profile, also preferably controlling for other biomarkers.
RESUMO
Traditionally, edible flowers have been used as foods and for therapeutic purposes, today they have gained importance due to their bioactive compounds such as flavonols, anthocyanins or other phenolic compounds, which give them potential for biomedical applications. This work evaluated a methanolic extract of Tulbaghia violacea. Eleven individual phenolic compounds were found and quantified by mass spectrometry in the extract. Antioxidant activity tests (TEAC, FRAP and DPPH) and other characterization parameters were assayed (total phenolic content and total flavonoid content). In vitro studies showed antitumoral activity against ovarian tumoral cells mediated by the induction of non-dependent caspase cell death and by the activation of reactive oxygen species. The effect of the extract against features of Alzheimer disease was in vivo assayed in Caenorhabditis elegans. Tulbaghia extract led to a reduction in the 1-42 beta amyloid peptide formation and prevented oxidative stress. These results suggested that Tulbaghia violacea could be a new source of phenolic compounds for nutraceuticals and functional food development.
Assuntos
Allium , Antocianinas , Antocianinas/análise , Antioxidantes/análise , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Flores/química , Extratos Vegetais/químicaRESUMO
Acerola fruits (Malpighia emarginata DC.) from the central region of Cuba were analyzed to determine their chemical composition and protective capacity against oxidative damage using an in vitro human dermal fibroblast (HDFa) model. The chemical composition analyses showed a high content of vitamin C, total polyphenols, ß-carotene and folates in the acerola fruit. From the HPLC-DAD/ESI-MSn analyses, two anthocyanins (cyanidin 3-O-rhamnoside and pelargonidin 3-O-rhamnoside), three hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives (caffeoyl hexoside, dihydrocaffeoylquinic acid and coumaroyl hexoside) and fifteen flavonols (mostly glycosylated forms of quercetin and kaempferol) were detected. HDFa were pre-incubated with an acerola crude extract (ACExt) and subsequently subjected to oxidative stress induced by AAPH. Apoptosis, intracellular ROS and the biomarkers of lipid and protein oxidation significantly increased after inducing stress, while the activities of the antioxidant enzyme catalase and superoxide dismutase and mitochondrial functionality were markedly affected. However, ACExt was able to protect against oxidative damage through decreasing apoptosis, intracellular ROS levels and lipid and protein damage, besides improving antioxidant enzyme activities and mitochondrial functionality. The obtained results support acerola fruits as relevant sources of functional compounds with promising effects on human health.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Malpighiaceae/química , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacologia , Pele/citologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Catalase/metabolismo , Fibroblastos/citologia , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Frutas/química , Humanos , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Substâncias Protetoras/química , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Pele/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismoRESUMO
Several monofloral Cuban honeys were analyzed to determine their free radical-scavenging activity and from this the total antioxidant content was estimated. The protective effect against lipid peroxidation in an in vitro model of rat liver homogenates was evaluated and, lastly, the mineral content of the honeys, which can be related to the maintenance of intracellular oxidative balance, was determined. The scavenging capacities against hydroxyl and superoxide radicals were determined using the spin-trapping technique and the hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase assay, respectively. Lipid peroxidation was evaluated through the production of TBARS and hydroperoxides. All honeys tested showed potential antioxidant activity with Linen vine displaying the highest scavenging capacity towards the DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals, while the least efficient was Christmas vine honey. Honeys also inhibited, in a concentration-dependent mode, lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenates, with Linen vine resulting the best while the least effective was Christmas vine honey. The ability to scavenge free radicals and protect against lipid peroxidation may contribute to the ability of certain Cuban honeys to help in preventing/reducing some inflammatory diseases in which oxidative stress is involved. A total of eight minerals were identified and quantified as follows: cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, iron, manganese, lead, and zinc. Minerals found in higher concentrations were iron, zinc and manganese.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Mel/análise , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Magnoliopsida/química , Minerais/análise , Animais , Antioxidantes/análise , Cuba , Flores/química , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/análise , Radical Hidroxila/metabolismo , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Pólen/química , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Detecção de Spin , Superóxidos/metabolismoRESUMO
This is the first description of the sternalis muscle being found among the cadavers used during the last two decades in the dissection laboratories of the San Juan Bautista School of Medicine.