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1.
Plant Dis ; 2024 Jul 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38985509

RESUMO

Hazelnut is among the most important nut crops in Chile, currently covering 46,000 ha. In 2023, the country exported 30,000-ton. In recent years the incidence of plants with internal discoloration, cankers and dieback has been increasing. In some cases, the trees died and had to be removed and, after a year, purple resupinate fruiting bodies were observed growing from the stumps. To determine the etiology of the symptoms and signs, wood samples (n=318) were collected since 2020, from 38 symptomatic orchards from Maule to La Araucanía Regions, primarily from the cvs. Tonda di Giffoni and Lewis. Wood sections 0.5 cm diameter were cut from the symptomatic tissues, disinfected using a sodium hypochlorite (10%) solution, and plated on a quarter-strength acidified potato dextrose agar (aPDA1/4). The plates were incubated and purified on PDA. Subsequently, isolates were identified by morphological and molecular means. Almost half of the isolates (47%) were preliminarily identified as basidiomycetes, based on mycelial features such as the presence of clamp connections, with 45% of them exhibiting abundant whitish cottony fast-growth mycelia, resembling Chondrostereum purpureum (Grinbergs et al., 2020). DNA was extracted and the 500-bp fragment, located between 5S and 18S ribosomal regions, was amplified using APN1 specific primers (Becker et al. 1999), identifying the isolates as C. purpureum. In addition, 5.8S gene of RGM1 (35°13'40.9"S 71°25'14.1"W), RGM2 (36°31'27.95"S 71°46'58.31"W), RGM3 (37°10'54.8"S 72°03'39.6"W), RGM4 (35°19'25.2"S 71°19'54.7"W) and RGM5 (36°35'30.8"S 72°05'18.8"W) isolates, representing different locations within the hazelnut growing area, was amplified using ITS1/ITS4 primers (White et al., 1990). The PCR product was sequenced, and the analysis showed 100% homology among isolates (Genebank codes: PP839283, PP839284, PP839285, PP839286 and PP839287, respectively). To determine the pathogenicity of the isolates, 30-cm healthy cuttings cv. Lewis were inoculated with mycelial plugs, while control shoots were inoculated with sterile agar plugs. Cuttings were vertically arranged in pots with 3-cm water and incubated for 60-d at 22°C. In addition, fresh cuts of 3-y potted plants cv. Lewis were inoculated with mycelial plugs and incubated for 137-d in a shadehouse. After incubation, bark was removed from inoculated cuttings and the length of necrotic lesions was measured. Although discoloration was reproduced by all the isolates in both pathogenicity tests, RGM1 isolate was the most aggressive, causing the complete discoloration of the cuttings and the death of the inoculated plants. To our knowledge this is the first report of C. purpureum causing wood disease in hazelnut. These findings are significant because the disease may not only reduce orchard longevity but also decrease fruit yield and quality, as observed in other fruit crops (Grinbergs et al., 2021).

2.
Rev. Fac. Med. Hum ; 24(2): 99-107, abr.-jun. 2024. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1569516

RESUMO

RESUMEN Introducción: La infección por SARS-CoV-2 puede aumentar el riesgo de trombosis. Estudios asocian niveles de dímero D con mortalidad por COVID-19. Objetivo: Determinar la capacidad pronostica del dimero D en la predicción de mortalidad por COVID-19 en pacientes hospitalizados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectiva en el Centro Médico Naval durante enero-julio de 2021. Se incluyeron 324 pacientes adultos con COVID-19 confirmada por RT-PCR. Se midieron niveles de dímero D al ingreso utilizando turbidimetría de coagulación (Sysmex CS-5100). Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas, comorbilidades y datos clínicos. El análisis estadístico se realizó con SPSS versión 26, empleando pruebas Chi cuadrado, exacta de Fisher, U de Mann Whitney, COR y regresión de Cox. Resultados: Se determinó un punto de corte de 1,40 µg/mL para los valores de dimero D con una sensibilidad de 80,9%, una especificidad de 86,4% y área bajo la curva (AUC) de 0,916 (IC 95%: 0,884 - 0,947; p =0,016) para predecir mortalidad por COVID-19. Asimismo, se encontró que pacientes con valores de dimero D mayores o iguales a 1,40 µg/mL tenian un riesgo incrementado de fallecimiento en pacientes con COVID-19 (HRa = 6,545; IC 95%: 3,867 - 11,077; p<0,001), independientemente de las variables edad, diabetes mellitus, hipertensión arterial, cardiopatía isquémica, enfermedad cerebrovascular, fibrilación auricular, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, asma, cáncer y trombocitopenia. Conclusión: El presente estudio mostró que los niveles de dimero D al ingreso representan un biomarcador fiable en la evaluación del pronostico de pacientes con COVID-19.


ABSTRACT Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 infection can increase the risk of thrombosis. Studies associate D-dimer levels with COVID-19 mortality. Objective: To determine the prognostic capacity of D-dimer in predicting COVID-19 mortality in patients hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Naval Medical Center from January to July 2021. A total of 324 adult patients with RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 were included. D-dimer levels were measured upon admission using coagulation turbidimetry (Sysmex CS-5100). Sociodemographic variables, comorbidities, and clinical data were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, employing Chi-square tests, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, ROC, and Cox regression. Results: A cut-off point of 1.40 µg/mL for D-dimer values was determined, with a sensitivity of 80.9%, specificity of 86.4%, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.916 (95% CI: 0.884 - 0.947; p=0.016) for predicting COVID-19 mortality. Additionally, patients with D-dimer values greater than or equal to 1.40 µg/mL had an increased risk of death (adjusted HR = 6.545; 95% CI: 3.867 - 11.077; p<0.001), independent of age, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, atrial fibrillation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, cancer, and thrombocytopenia. Conclusion: This study showed that admission D-dimer levels represent a reliable biomarker in evaluating the prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Mortality; Fibrin-Fibrinogen Degradation Products (Source: MeSH NLM).

3.
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 52(4)dic. 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1559848

RESUMO

Introducción: La infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana representa un problema de salud pública en el mundo. La adherencia a la terapia antirretroviral es necesaria para alcanzar un estado de supresión viral máxima y disminuir la tasa de infecciones oportunistas. Sin embargo, diversos son los factores que pueden influir en la adherencia terapéutica. Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo asociados a la mala adherencia a la terapia antirretroviral en pacientes con el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana. Métodos: Se empleó un estudio con diseño observacional, analítico, de tipo casos y controles. El tamaño muestral fue de 276, a partir del cual 138 fueron casos y 138 controles. Los datos recolectados fueron analizados utilizando métodos de estadística descriptiva y estadística inferencial. Resultados: El análisis multivariado determinó una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la variable adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral y las variables depresión (odds ratio OR ajustado= 2,15), esquema de terapia antirretroviral alternativo (OR ajustado= 2,40), efectos secundarios (OR ajustado= 4,24) y cambio en la adherencia durante el estado de emergencia (OR ajustado= 5,67), independientemente de las otras variables intervinientes. Conclusiones: La depresión, el uso del esquema de terapia antirretroviral alternativo, la presencia de efectos secundarios a terapia antirretroviral y el cambio en la adherencia durante el estado de emergencia aumentan el riesgo de mala adherencia a la terapia antirretroviral(AU)


Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus infection represents a public health public problem in the world. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy is necessary to achieve a state of maximum viral suppression and decrease the rate of opportunistic infections. However, there are several factors that can influence therapeutic adherence. Objective: To identify the risk factors associated with poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus. Methods: A study with an observational, analytical, case-control type design was used. The sample size was 276, from which 138 were cases and 138 controls. The collected data was analyzed using methods of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Results: The multivariate analysis determined a statistically significant association between the variable adherence to antiretroviral treatment and the variables depression (adjusted Odds Ratio OR = 2.15), alternative antiretroviral therapy scheme (adjusted OR= 2.40), side effects (adjusted OR= 4.24), and change in adherence during the state of emergency (adjusted OR= 5.67) independently of the other intervening variables. Conclusions: Depression, the use of alternative antiretroviral therapy regimens, the presence of side effects to antiretroviral therapy, and the change in adherence during the state of emergency increase the risk of poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Fatores de Risco , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade/efeitos adversos , Cooperação e Adesão ao Tratamento , Estudos de Casos e Controles , HIV/efeitos dos fármacos , Soropositividade para HIV/terapia , Depressão/diagnóstico , Adesão à Medicação , Estudo Observacional
4.
Med. clín. soc ; 7(2)ago. 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1440496

RESUMO

Introducción: El dolor lumbar es una condición inevitable en todo el personal del rubro de la salud, con llevando desde malestar físico hasta una incapacidad funcional del individuo. Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados a dolor lumbar entre los trabajadores sanitarios en un hospital de referencia del Perú. Metodología: El presente estudio es observacional, analítico, de corte transversal, temporalmente prospectivo, con muestreo no probabilístico. La población estuvo conformada por trabajadores sanitarios del Hospital Santa Rosa de Pueblo Libre durante el periodo de junio a diciembre del año 2022. Resultados: El análisis multivariado determinó que el ser hombre (OR: 2.818, p valor: 0.017), tener sobrepeso (OR:1.782, p valor: 0.013), demanda laboral alta (OR: 4.750, p valor: 0.026), realizar actividad física (OR: 3.610, p valor: 0.031) y tener antecedentes de trauma lumbar (OR: 2.423, p valor: 0.034), fueron factores estadísticamente significativos que se asociaron al dolor lumbar. Discusión: Se pudo observar que, los factores asociados a dolor lumbar fueron el sexo masculino, el sobrepeso, la demanda laboral alta, el realizar actividad física y el antecedente de trauma lumbar. Conocer estas variables permitirá realizar esquemas y charlas preventivas para afrontar esta recurrente patología.


Introduction: Low back pain is an unavoidable condition in all health personnel, ranging from physical discomfort to functional disability of the individual. Objective: To determine the factors associated with low back pain among health workers at a reference hospital in Peru. Methods: This study is observational, analytical, cross-sectional, temporally prospective, with non-probabilistic sampling. The population was made up of health workers from the Hospital Santa Rosa de Pueblo Libre during the period from June to December of the year 2022. Results: The multivariate analysis determined that being a man (OR: 2.818, p value: 0.017), being overweight (OR:1.782, p value: 0.013), high labor demand (OR: 4.750, p value: 0.026), performing physical (OR: 3.610, p value: 0.031) and having a history of low back trauma (OR: 2.423, p value: 0.034) were statistically significant factors associated with low back pain. Discussion: It was possible to observe that the factors associated with low back pain were the male sex, being overweight, high work demand, physical activity and a history of low back trauma. Knowing these variables will make it possible to carry out preventive schemes and talks to deal with this recurring pathology.

5.
Rev. chil. infectol ; Rev. chil. infectol;40(2): 85-93, abr. 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1441410

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: En los últimos años se han estudiado diversos biomarcadores para determinar los casos graves de COVID-19. La proteína C-reactiva (PCR) ha mostrado alta sensibilidad en la identificación de pacientes con enfermedad grave y utilidad comparable a la tomografía. OBJETIVO: Determinar la utilidad de la PCR para predecir gravedad de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes hospitalizados en el Centro Médico Naval del Perú durante el periodo enero-septiembre del año 2021. MÉTODOS: Se empleó un diseño de tipo cuantitativo, observacional, analítico, retrospectivo, y de tipo prueba diagnóstica. Se calculó un tamaño muestral de 503 pacientes, quienes fueron divididos en dos grupos de acuerdo a su gravedad. RESULTADOS: Se determinó un punto de corte óptimo de 10,92 mg/L de los valores de PCR para el diagnóstico de enfermedad grave por COVID-19. Se calculó un área bajo la curva (AUC) de 0,762 y se obtuvieron valores de sensibilidad, especificidad, valores predictores positivo, negativo y precisión diagnóstica de 78,88%, 66,4%; 41,42%; 87,01%; y 67,27%, respectivamente. El normograma de Fagan mostró una probabilidad posprueba de 41%. En el modelo ajustado fueron significativas la PCR (ORa = 4,853; IC95% 2,987-7,886; p = 0,001), además de la ferritina (ORa = 1,001; IC 95%: 1,001-1,002; p = 0,001) e hipotiroidismo (OR ajustado = 4,899; IC 95%: 1,272-18,872; p = 0,021). CONCLUSIONES: El presente estudio mostró la asociación entre la PCR y la gravedad de infección por SARS-CoV-2 en un modelo ajustado, mostrando su potencial utilidad y contribuyendo a determinar el punto de corte de la PCR en población peruana y su comparación a nivel internacional.


BACKGROUND: Recently, many biomarkers have been studied to determine severe cases of COVID-19. C-reactive protein (CRP) has shown high sensitivity in identifying patients with severe disease and utility comparable to computed tomography. AIM: To determine the usefulness of CRP to predict the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients hospitalized at the Naval Medical Center of Peru during the period January-September in the year 2021. METHODS: A quantitative, observational, analytical, retrospective, and diagnostic test type design was used. A sample size of 503 patients was calculated, which were divided into two groups according to their severity. RESULTS: An optimal cut-off point of 10.92 mg/L for CRP levels was determined for the diagnosis of severe COVID-19. An area under the curve (AUC) of 0.762 was calculated and sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and diagnostic accuracy values of 78.88%, 66.4%; 41.42%; 87.01%; and 67.27%; respectively. Fagan's normogram showed a post-test probability of 41%. In the adjusted model, CRP (aOR = 4.853; 95% CI 2.987-7.886; p = 0.001), ferritin (aOR = 1.001; 95% CI: 1.001-1.002; p = 0.001) and hypothyroidism (adjusted OR = 4899; 95% CI: 1272-18872; p = 0.021) showed significance. CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed an association between CRP and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in an adjusted model, showing its potential utility and contributing to determine the cut-off point of CRP in the Peruvian population and its international comparison.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , COVID-19/diagnóstico , Peru , Biomarcadores , Análise Multivariada , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Análise de Regressão , Estudos Retrospectivos , Curva ROC , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Área Sob a Curva , Testes Diagnósticos de Rotina , Gravidade do Paciente , Hospitalização
6.
J Exp Bot ; 74(9): 2891-2911, 2023 04 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36723875

RESUMO

Climate change has intensified the infection of tomato plants by pathogens such as Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst). Rootstocks may increase plant tolerance to leaf phytopathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the tolerant Poncho Negro (R) tomato rootstock on physiological defence and the role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in susceptible Limachino (L) tomato plant responses to Pst attack. Ungrafted (L), self-grafted (L/L), and grafted (L/R) plants were infected with Pst. Rootstock increased the concentration of antioxidant compounds including ascorbate in the scion. Tolerant rootstock induced an increase of H2S in the scion, which correlated with enhanced expression of the SlAPX2 gene. A high accumulation of salicylic acid was observed in Pst-inoculated grafted L/L and L/R plants, but this was higher in L/R plants. The increase of H2S during Pst infection was associated with a reduction of ethylene in L/R plants. Our study indicates that the Poncho Negro rootstock reduced the symptoms of bacterial speck disease in the Limachino tomato plants, conferring tolerance to Pst infection. This study provides new knowledge about the impact of rootstock in the defence of tomato plants against leaf pathogens that could be used in sustainable management of tomato cultivation.


Assuntos
Pseudomonas syringae , Solanum lycopersicum , Solanum lycopersicum/genética , Plantas , Folhas de Planta/fisiologia , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia
7.
Rev. Fac. Med. Hum ; 23(1): 79-86, Enero-Febrero 2023.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1416763

RESUMO

Introduction: Appendicular plastron is considered a progressive form of acute appendicitis, with a national prevalence of 2-10%. Currently management is often controversial. It is that from this context, it seeks to promote studies that can elucidate the variables associated with the management of this condition. Objective: to determine the epidemiological-clinical characteristics associated with the results of the management of the appendiceal plastron in adult patients in a reference hospital in Peru. Methods: Non-experimental study, with a quantitative approach, observational, analytical and cross-sectional design, whose sample consisted of 100 patients with a diagnosis of appendicular plastron. The data collection sheet was applied as an instrument. Likewise, a Poisson regression model was used to respond to the objectives. Results: The multivariate analysis showed that alcohol consumption (p<0.05 RPa=1.12), nausea and vomiting (p<0.05, RPa=1.48), diarrhea (p<0.05; RPa=1.08), duration of symptoms before admission between 3 and 5 days (p<0.05; RPa=1.09), appendiceal mass (p<0.05, RPa=1.18) and bandemia (p<0.05, RPa=1.12) were significantly associated with unsuccessful management results of the appendiceal plastron. Conclusion: There are epidemiological and clinical characteristics associated with the results of the management of the appendicular plastron.


Introducción: El plastrón apendicular se considera una forma progresiva de apendicitis aguda, teniendo una prevalencia a nivel nacional de 2-10%. Actualmente el manejo suele ser controversial. Ante lo expuesto, se busca promover estudios que puedan dilucidar las variables asociadas al manejo de esta condición. Objetivo: determinar las características epidemiológico-clínicas asociadas a los resultados del manejo del plastrón apendicular en pacientes adultos en un hospital de referencia del Perú. Métodos: Estudio no experimental, de enfoque cuantitativo, diseño observacional, analítico y transversal, cuya muestra estuvo conformada por 100 pacientes con diagnóstico de plastrón apendicular. Se aplicó como instrumento la ficha de recolección de datos. Asimismo, se utilizo un modelo de regresión de Poisson para responder a los objetivos. Resultados: El análisis multivariado evidenció que el consumo de alcohol (p<0.05 RPa=1.12), las náuseas y vómitos (p<0.05, RPa=1.48), diarrea (p<0.05; RPa=1.08), duración de síntomas antes del ingreso entre 3 y 5 días (p<0.05; RPa=1.09), masa apendicular (p<0.05, RPa=1.18) y bandemia (p<0.05, RPa=1.12) se asociaron significativamente a resultados de manejo no exitosos de plastrón apendicular. Conclusión: Existe características epidemiológicas y clínicas asociadas a resultados del manejo de plastrón apendicular.

9.
Med. clin. soc ; 6(3)dic. 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1422063

RESUMO

Introducción: El derecho a prácticas pre-profesionales amparado bajo la Ley Peruana permite que el estudiante de último año de la carrera de medicina humana comience a participar en procedimientos e intervenciones asistenciales de salud bajo la guía de un médico tutor. Objetivo: determinar los factores asociados a bajo conocimiento en bioseguridad en internos de medicina de una universidad del Perú en el contexto de la pandemia covid-19. Metodología: se realizó un diseño observacional, prolectivo y transversal. La muestra estuvo comprendida por 336 internos de medicina humana, los cuales se seleccionaron por muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple. Se empleó un instrumento válido y confiable para determinar el nivel de conocimiento en bioseguridad. Se trabajó con un modelo de regresión de binario logarítmico bivariado y múltiple para el cálculo de la razón de prevalencia cruda y ajustada con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza al 95% para los factores asociados al nivel de conocimiento en bioseguridad. Resultados: se encontraron niveles de conocimiento alto, medio y bajo del 44,6%, 26,8% y 28 ,6% respectivamente. El estado civil casado (RPA 0.418, IC95% 0.181 - 0.968), convivir con personas con riesgo para síntomas graves por covid-19 (RPA 0.472, IC95% 0.344-0.647), realizar el internado medico en un hospital y haber sido diagnosticado por covid-19 en los últimos 12 meses (RPA 0.586, IC95% 0.387-0.887) se asociaron a un nivel de conocimiento bajo bioseguridad por modelo de regresión binaria logarítmica múltiple. Discusión: el estado civil casado, el convivir con personas con riesgo para síntomas graves de covid-19, el realizar el internado medico en un centro hospitalario y el haber sido diagnosticado con covid-19 tienen una relación inversamente proporcional con el conocimiento bajo en bioseguridad en internos de medicina en el contexto de la pandemia covid-19.


Introduction: The right to pre-professional practices protected under Peruvian Law allows the student in the last year of the human medicine career to begin to participate in health care procedures and interventions under the guidance of a tutor. Objective: to determine the factors associated with low knowledge of biosafety in medical interns at a university in Peru in the context of the covid-19 pandemic. Methods: an observational, prolective and cross-sectional design was carried out. The sample consisted of 336 human medicine interns, who were selected by simple random probabilistic sampling. A valid and reliable instrument was used to determine the level of knowledge in biosafety. A bivariate and multiple logarithmic binary regression model was used to calculate the crude and adjusted prevalence ratio with their respective 95% confidence intervals for the factors associated with the level of knowledge in biosafety. Results: high, medium and low levels of knowledge of 44.6%, 26.8% and 28.6% respectively were found. Married marital status (RPA 0.418, 95% CI 0.181 - 0.968), living with people at risk for severe symptoms from covid-19 (RPA 0.472, 95% CI 0.344-0.647), undergoing medical internship in a hospital, and having been diagnosed by covid-19 in the last 12 months (RPA 0.586, 95% CI 0.387-0.887) were associated with a level of knowledge under biosafety by multiple logarithmic binary regression model. Discussion: married marital status, living with people at risk for severe symptoms of covid-19, undergoing medical internship in a hospital center and having been diagnosed with covid-19 have an inversely proportional relationship with low knowledge in biosafety. In medical interns in the context of the covid-19 pandemic.

10.
Rev. cir. (Impr.) ; 74(5)oct. 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1423765

RESUMO

Objetivo: Determinar la capacidad diagnóstica del índice neutrófilo-linfocito (INL) para establecer el diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda complicada en un hospital de referencia nacional del Perú. Material y Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, retrospectivo, de tipo prueba diagnóstica. El tamaño muestral fue de 333 pacientes con diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda, siendo 207 pacientes con apendicitis aguda complicada y 126 pacientes con apendicitis aguda no complicada. Se utilizó un modelo de regresión logística binario para generar una curva COR y estimar las características operativas del Índice neutrófilo linfocito para la apendicitis aguda complicada, así como la probabilidad posprueba para casos positivos y negativos. Resultados: La curva COR del INL presento un AUC de 64,4% (IC 95% 58,3% - 70,5%) con un P-valor < 0,05. La sensibilidad y especificidad para el diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda complicada fueron de 69,08%, 61,11%, respectivamente, a su vez, la probabilidad posprueba para casos positivos y negativos fue de 63% (58 - 68%) y 33% (27% - 39%) respectivamente. Conclusión: El INL posee precisión adecuada para el diagnóstico de la apendicitis aguda complicada, así como variaciones significativas en la probabilidad posprueba cuando los casos son positivos o negativos.


Objective: To determine the diagnostic capacity of the neutrophil-lymphocyte index (NLR) to establish the diagnosis of complicated acute appendicitis in a national Peruvian hospital. Material and Method: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study, diagnostic test type. The sample size was 333 patients with a diagnosis of acute appendicitis, being 207 patients with complicated acute appendicitis and 126 patients with uncomplicated acute appendicitis. A binary logistic regression model was used to generate a COR curve and estimate the operating characteristics of the Lymphocyte Neutrophil Index for complicated acute appendicitis, as well as the post-test probability for positive and negative cases. Results: The INL COR curve presented an AUC of 64.4% (95% CI 58.3% - 70.5%) with a P-value < 0.05. The sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of complicated acute appendicitis were 69.08%, 61.11%, respectively, in turn, the post-test probability for positive and negative cases was 63% (58 - 68%) and 33% (27%) - 39%) respectively. Conclusion: The INL has adequate precision for the diagnosis of complicated acute appendicitis, as well as significant variations in the post-test probability when the cases are positive or negative.

11.
Acta méd. costarric ; 64(3)sept. 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-1447058

RESUMO

El linfoma folicular de tiroides es una entidad rara que representa menos del 2% de los linfomas extranodales y cuyo principal factor de riesgo es la tiroiditis de Hashimoto. Suele afectar con mayor predisposición a pacientes adultos mayores, en los que con frecuencia se presenta como una masa de crecimiento rápido con compromiso de las estructuras adyacentes en el cuello. Sin embargo, dada su rara incidencia, esta patología debe ser sospechada por el clínico para un diagnóstico temprano oportuno. Aunque en la actualidad no existen guías de manejo estandarizadas para esta entidad, acostumbra tener buena respuesta a radioterapia y quimioterapia. El presente caso describe la historia de un paciente con una recaída de linfoma no Hodgkin de tipo folicular de alto grado localizado en tiroides que se presentó a urgencias con disfonía, parálisis bilateral de cuerdas vocales, cambio en el tono de la voz y disfagia, con el antecedente de un linfoma folicular de alto grado en localización retroperitoneal y en remisión luego de 8 ciclos de quimioterapia con rituximab, ciclofosfamida, doxorubicina, vincristina y prednisona, el cual presentó citorreducción luego del tratamiento con quimioterapia con el protocolo de rituximab, dexametasona, citarabina y cisplatino.


Follicular thyroid lymphoma is a rare entity that represents less than 2% of extranodal lymphomas; and whose main risk factor is Hashimoto's thyroiditis. This tends to affect older adult patients with greater predisposition, where it usually presents as a rapidly growing mass with compromise of the adjacent structures in the neck. However, given its rare incidence, this pathology should be suspected by the clinician for an early diagnosis. Although there are currently no standardized management guidelines for this entity, it usually responds well to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The present case describes the history of a patient with a relapse of high-grade follicular-type NHL located in the thyroid who presented to the emergency room with dysphonia, bilateral paralysis of the vocal cords, change in tone of voice and dysphagia, with the history of high-grade follicular lymphoma in retroperitoneal location in remission after 8 cycles of chemotherapy with Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine and Prednisone, which presented cytoreduction after treatment with chemotherapy with the protocol Rituximab, Dexamethasone, Cytarabine and Cisplatin.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Linfoma não Hodgkin/diagnóstico por imagem , Linfoma Folicular/diagnóstico por imagem , Glândula Tireoide , Costa Rica
13.
Rev. Fac. Med. Hum ; 22(3): 540-546, julio-Septiembre 2022.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1381864

RESUMO

Objetivos: Validar un cuestionario para establecer la percepción de dificultades en la elaboración de proyectos de investigación en los estudiantes del área de investigación de la Facultad de Medicina Humana de la Universidad Peruana Los Andes (UPLA). Métodos: Estudio de validación de un cuestionario diseñado y basado en una escala de Likert aplicado a los estudiantes de las asignaturas de Proceso de investigación, Seminario de tesis I y Seminario de tesis II con muestreo probabilístico aleatorio estratificado, análisis de validez del contenido y constructo por juicio de expertos y el análisis estadístico de la confiabilidad con alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: La muestra estuvo constituida por 85 estudiantes que aceptaron ser parte del estudio, de los cuales el 64,70 % pertenecieron al género femenino con una edad media de 23 ± 5 años, asignatura de Seminario de tesis I 36,47%, Proceso de investigación 34,12%, Seminario de tesis II 29,41%; manifestaron dificultades en la elaboración del proyecto de investigación en formulación del marco teórico y metodología el 64,71 %, en redacción de bibliografía y anexos el 62,35 %, en planteamiento del problema y formulación de las hipótesis el 61,18 %, en definición del título el 58,82 % y en elaboración de la administración del plan del proyecto el 47,06 %. La confiabilidad alfa de Cronbach fue 0,969. Conclusiones: El cuestionario es confiable y válido, tiene consistencia interna alta y validez de criterio adecuada.


Objectives: Validate a questionnaire to establish the perception of difficulties in the development of research projects in the students of the research area of ​​the Faculty of Human Medicine of the Peruvian University Los Andes. Methods: Validation study of a questionnaire designed and based on a Likert scale applied to the students of the subjects of Research process, Thesis seminar I and Thesis seminar II with stratified random probability sampling, content validity analysis and construct by expert judgment and statistical analysis of reliability with Cronbach's alpha. Results: The sample consisted of 85 students who agreed to be part of the study, of which 64,70% belonged to the female gender with an average age of 23 ± 5 years, subject of thesis seminar I 36,47%, Process research 34,12%, thesis seminar II 29,41%; 64,71% expressed difficulties in preparing the research project in formulating the theoretical framework and methodology, 62,35% in writing the bibliography and annexes, 61,18% in posing the problem and formulating hypotheses, in definition of the title 58,82% and in preparation of the administration of the project plan 47,06%. Cronbach's alpha reliability was 0,969. Conclusions: The questionnaire is reliable and valid, it has high internal consistency and valid criteria.

15.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1386333

RESUMO

RESUMEN El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la relación entre la amenaza de parto pretermino y sus factores de riesgo en gestantes atendidas en un hospital de referencia del Perú durante la pandemia covid-19, con énfasis en la infección de tracto urinario. Se realizó un diseño de tipo casos y controles no emparejado, con una muestra representativa, con un tamaño muestral de 92 casos y 92 controles por muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple, se realizó un modelo de regresión logística para la infección de tracto urinario y la amenaza de parto pretermino para el cálculo del Odds Ratio e intervalos de confianza al 95%. Se reportó una asociación para la amenaza de parto pretermino con las variables gestante añosa 3.159 (IC95% 1.66 - 6.02), menos de seis controles prenatales 3.9 (IC95% 2.084 - 7.298), paridad 0.353 (IC95% 0.180 - 0.691), antecedente de parto pretermino 2.843 (IC95% 1.253 - 5.639) e infección de tracto urinario 2.843 (IC95% 1.253 - 5.639). Se concluye que la infección de tracto urinario se asocia a la amenaza de parto pretermino en gestantes atendidas en un hospital de referencia peruano.


ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to determine the relationship between the threat of preterm birth and its risk factors in pregnant women treated at a referral hospital in Peru during the covid-19 pandemic, with emphasis on urinary tract infection. An unpaired case-control type design was carried out, with a representative sample including 92 cases and 92 controls selected by simple random probabilistic sampling. A logistic regression model was carried out for urinary tract infection and threat of preterm birth for calculating the Odds Ratio and 95% confidence intervals. An association was reported for the threat of preterm birth with the variables: elderly pregnant woman 3.159 (95% CI 1.66 - 6.02), less than six prenatal controls 3.9 (95% CI 2.084 - 7.298), parity 0.353 (95% CI 0.180 - 0.691), history of preterm birth 2843 (95% CI 1253-5639) and urinary tract infection 2843 (95% CI 1253-5639). It is concluded that urinary tract infection is associated with the threat of preterm birth in pregnant women treated in a Peruvian reference hospital.

16.
Pediatr. (Asunción) ; 49(1)abr. 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1386690

RESUMO

RESUMEN Introducción: La bronquiolitis se considera una patología respiratoria de etiología viral, frecuente a nivel de infantes. Existen diversos determinantes que contribuyen a su desarrollo dentro de esta población. El conocer dichos factores permitirá ejecutar medidas preventivas, así como disminuir el número de casos. Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados a bronquiolitis en pacientes menores de 2 años atendidos en un hospital de referencia del Perú. Materiales y Métodos: se realizó un diseño de tipo casos y controles no emparejado, con una muestra representativa, con un tamaño muestral de 174 casos y 174 controles por muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple, se realizó un modelo de regresión logística para los factores asociados al lactante y la madre para el cálculo del Odds Ratio e intervalo de confianza al 95% respecto a la variable dependiente bronquiolitis aguda Resultados: se reportó una asociación para la bronquiolitis aguda con las variables prematuridad 3.02 (IC95% 1.54 - 5.92), bajo peso al nacer 1.85 (IC95% 1.07 - 3.20), género femenino 2.89 (IC95% 1.72 - 4.86), madre adolescente 3.82 (IC95% 2.13 - 6.86) y madre sin grado de instrucción 3.02 (IC95% 1.83 - 11.87). Conclusión: los factores de prematuridad, bajo peso al nacer y género femenino del lactante y el grado de instrucción y condición adolescente de la madre se asocian al bronquiolitis aguda en pacientes menores de 2 años.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Bronchiolitis is considered a respiratory pathology of viral etiology that is frequent in infants. There are several determinants that contribute to its development within this population. Knowledge of these factors will allow preventive measures to be in place, as well as reduce the number of cases. Objective: To determine the factors associated with bronchiolitis in patients under 2 years of age treated at a reference hospital in Peru. Materials and Methods: an unpaired case-control type design was carried out, with a representative sample, with a sample size of 174 cases and 174 controls by simple random probabilistic sampling, a logistic regression model was carried out for the factors associated with the infant. and the mother for the calculation of the Odds Ratio and 95% confidence interval regarding the dependent variable acute bronchiolitis. Results: an association was reported for acute bronchiolitis with the following variables: prematurity 3.02 (95% CI 1.54 - 5.92), low birth weight 1.85 (95% CI 1.07 - 3.20), female gender 2.89 (95% CI 1.72 - 4.86), teenage mother 3.82 (95% CI 2.13 - 6.86) and mother with low educational level 3.02 (95% CI 1.83 - 11.87). Conclusion: prematurity, low birth weight, female gender, birth to an adolescent mother and maternal low educational levels are associated with acute bronchiolitis in patients under 2 years of age.

17.
Rev. Fac. Med. Hum ; 22(2): 367-374, Abril.- Jun. 2022.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1371554

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Determinar los factores asociados a la ansiedad en internos de medicina de una universidad privada en el contexto de la pandemia covid-19. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: El diseño del estudio es cuantitativo, observacional, analítico, retrospectivo, transversal. La muestra estuvo comprendida por 343 internos de medicina humana, las cuales se seleccionaron por un muestreo no probabilístico tipo bola de nieve. Se empleó el instrumento Coronavirus Anxiety Scale para el diagnóstico de ansiedad. Se trabajó con un modelo de regresión de poisson con varianzas robustas bivariado y múltiple para el cálculo de la razón de prevalencia y sus respectivos intervalos de confianza al 95%. RESULTADOS: Se encontró una prevalencia de ansiedad y síntomas depresivos severos del 22.74% y 6.71% respectivamente. Los síntomas depresivos RPa 3.274 (IC95% 1.06 ­ 10.09), la tenencia de hijos RPa 2.61 (IC95% 1.26 ­ 5.38) y el diagnostico de COVID-19 en los últimos 12 meses RPa 2.20 (IC95% 1.25 ­ 3.87) se asociaron a la presencia de ansiedad en el modelo de regresión múltiple. CONCLUSIONES: La presencia de síntomas depresivos severos, la tenencia de hijos, el diagnostico de covid-19 en los últimos 12 meses se asocian al diagnóstico de ansiedad en los internos de medicina de una universidad privada de Lima, 2021.


OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors associated with anxiety in medical interns at a private university in the context of the covid-19 pandemic. METHODS: The study design is quantitative, observational, analytical, retrospective, cross-sectional. The sample was comprised of 343 human medicine interns, who were selected by a non-probabilistic snowball type sampling. The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale instrument was used for the diagnosis of anxiety. A Poisson regression model with robust bivariate and multiple variances was used to calculate the prevalence ratio and their respective 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: The prevalence of anxiety and severe depressive symptoms of 22.74% and 6.71% respectively was found. Depressive symptoms RPa 3.274 (95% CI 1.06 - 10.09), having children RPa 2.61 (95% CI 1.26 - 5.38), and the diagnosis of COVID-19 in the last 12 months RPa 2.20 (95% CI 1.25 - 3.87) were associated with the presence of anxiety in the multiple regression model. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of severe depressive symptoms, having children, the diagnosis of covid-19 in the last 12 months are associated with the diagnosis of anxiety in medical interns at a private university in Lima, 2021.

19.
Rev. Fac. Med. Hum ; 21(3): 486-493, Jul.-Sep. 2021.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1255206

RESUMO

Objetivo: Evaluar la capacidad discriminativa de predicción de diabetes con indicadores antropométricos, bioquímicos y antecedentes. Métodos: Se utilizaron dos modelos, el análisis de las curvas ROC y regresión logística binaria. Resultados: Mediante el análisis de las curvas ROC, el perímetro abdominal obtuvo mayor poder discriminativo de predicción (AUC=0,747; p<0,001; IC: 0,624-0,870), en comparación a la glicemia (AUC=0,749; p<0,001; IC: 0,645-0,852) y el índice de cintura-talla (AUC=0,737; p=0,001; IC: 0,638-0,836). Los antecedentes patológicos personales se incluyen en la ecuación de regresión logística P(Y=1) = (1+e0,693+1,897APP)-1 para predecir el riesgo de tener diabetes en el futuro. Conclusiones: El perímetro abdominal obtuvo mayor poder discriminativo, seguido de los antecedentes patológicos personales.


Objective: To evaluate the discriminative ability to predict diabetes with anthropometric and biochemical indicators and medical history. Methods: The sampling carried out was census and the sample consisted of 104 workers. A longitudinal study was carried out to evaluate the discriminative ability to predict diabetes with the anthropometric, biochemical, and antecedent indicators, using two models, the analysis of the ROC curves and binary logistic regression. Results: By analyzing the ROC curves, the abdominal circumference obtained greater predictive discriminative power (AUC = 0.747; p <0.001; CI: 0.624-0.870), compared to glycemia (AUC=0.749; p <0.001; CI: 0.645-0.852) and the waist-height index (AUC=0.737; p=0.001; CI: 0.638-0.836). Personal medical history is included in the logistic regression equation P(Y=1)=(1+e0,693+1,897APP)-1 to predict the risk of developing diabetes in the future. Conclusions: The abdominal circumference obtained the highest discriminative power, followed by the pathological history.

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