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BACKGROUND: Valgus hindfoot is a very common postural deviation, and the associated foot pronation can be a triggering factor for diseases such as tarsal tunnel syndrome. RESEARCH QUESTION: This work compares two techniques for hindfoot valgus correction: GPR (Global Postural Reeducation) and PIMT (Postural Integration by Manual Therapy). METHODS: Sixty young adult subjects from the Brazilian Army with unilateral hindfoot valgus were selected and divided into two groups of 30 subjects, one treated with GPR and the other treated with PIMT. Differences between normal and valgus hindfeet (plantar surface and body weight load) for each subject were measured and analysed, using a baropodometer with subjects in static standing position for 5s. Measurements were performed before and after each treatment session (4 weeks, once a week), and 4 weeks after the end of treatment. RESULTS: Data shows that both treatments were equally effective for improving symmetry in body weight load between feet and plantar surface. After 4 weeks from the end of treatment, both treatments were equally effective for body weight load symmetry, but plantar surface symmetry was better in PIMT treated subjects. SIGNIFICANCE: This study shows that PIMT technique can be validated as a physical therapy procedure, at least for valgus hindfoot.

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Anatase nanotubes with high surface area (ca. 350 m2 g-1), containing gold nanoparticles, were successfully obtained from trititanate nanotubes, prepared by a template-free hydrothermal method, and calcined at 450 °C. The high surface area and tubular morphology were attained due to the presence of ionic silsesquioxane, which acts as anti-sintering agent for titania during calcination process, by forming a thin silica coating between anatase nanotubes. Additionally, the ionic silsesquioxane also acts as stabilizing and adhesion agent for gold nanoparticles on the surface of anatase nanotubes. The influence of the ionic silsesquioxane on the morphological and textural properties of anatase nanotubes was studied in three different moments during the synthesis: before, after and before/after nanotubes were rolled up. The photocatalytic activity of the nanotube samples was evaluated by hydrogen generation showing remarkable enhancement in hydrogen production and stability of catalyst when compare with the bare anatase sample and commercial P-25.

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Peripheral nerve stimulators have widespread among anaesthesiologists and remain a popular technique. However, in commercial devices, the user has to manually adjust stimulus intensity. Thus, the aim of this study is to propose a method that allows automating the current intensity control. An earlier nerve stimulator prototype was modified to add an accelerometer and an sEMG module. The choice of these two sensors is aimed at the possibility of observing the mechanical and electrical responses of the muscle contraction evoked by the stimulation. The tests were performed in two steps. The first step was to observe how the sensors behave during stimulation and muscle contraction. The second step was to implement a control algorithm and to validate the automation technique. Comparing the two methods, no significant differences were found on procedure time (manual: 12.5 ± 2.3; automatic: 11.6 ± 1.9; ρ =0.380) and blockade latency time (manual: 11.6 ± 1.1; automatic: 11.9 ± 1.2; ρ =0.524). Comparing needle-nerve distance in manual or automatic mode, no significant differences were found for 1.0 mA, 0.8 mA, 0.5 mA and 0.3 mA. We conclude that the technique for automating the current intensity update, using accelerometer and/or electromyography, is satisfactory. Furthermore, we conclude that the use of the accelerometer alone is sufficient for detection of muscle contraction.

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In the last decades, the use of nerve stimulators to aid in regional anaesthesia has been shown to benefit the patient since it allows a better location of the nerve plexus, leading to correct positioning of the needle through which the anaesthetic is applied. However, most of the nerve stimulators available in the market for this purpose do not have the minimum recommended features for a good stimulator, and this can lead to risks to the patient. Thus, this study aims to develop an equipment, using embedded electronics, which meets all the characteristics, for a successful blockade. The system is made of modules for generation and overall control of the current pulse and the patient and user interfaces. The results show that the designed system fits into required specifications for a good and reliable nerve stimulator. Linearity proved satisfactory, ensuring accuracy in electrical current amplitude for a wide range of body impedances. Field tests have proven very successful. The anaesthesiologist that used the system reported that, in all cases, plexus blocking was achieved with higher quality, faster anaesthetic diffusion and without needed of an additional dose when compared with same procedure without the use of the device.

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Virtual reality (VR) technology is being used with increasing frequency as a training medium for motor rehabilitation. However, before addressing training effectiveness in virtual environments (VEs), it is necessary to identify if movements made in such environments are kinematically similar to those made in physical environments (PEs) and the effect of provision of haptic feedback on these movement patterns. These questions are important since reach-to-grasp movements may be inaccurate when visual or haptic feedback is altered or absent. Our goal was to compare kinematics of reaching and grasping movements to three objects performed in an immersive three-dimensional (3D) VE with haptic feedback (cyberglove/grasp system) viewed through a head-mounted display to those made in an equivalent physical environment (PE). We also compared movements in PE made with and without wearing the cyberglove/grasp haptic feedback system. Ten healthy subjects (8 women, 62.1±8.8years) reached and grasped objects requiring 3 different grasp types (can, diameter 65.6mm, cylindrical grasp; screwdriver, diameter 31.6mm, power grasp; pen, diameter 7.5mm, precision grasp) in PE and visually similar virtual objects in VE. Temporal and spatial arm and trunk kinematics were analyzed. Movements were slower and grip apertures were wider when wearing the glove in both the PE and the VE compared to movements made in the PE without the glove. When wearing the glove, subjects used similar reaching trajectories in both environments, preserved the coordination between reaching and grasping and scaled grip aperture to object size for the larger object (cylindrical grasp). However, in VE compared to PE, movements were slower and had longer deceleration times, elbow extension was greater when reaching to the smallest object and apertures were wider for the power and precision grip tasks. Overall, the differences in spatial and temporal kinematics of movements between environments were greater than those due only to wearing the cyberglove/grasp system. Differences in movement kinematics due to the viewing environment were likely due to a lack of prior experience with the virtual environment, an uncertainty of object location and the restricted field-of-view when wearing the head-mounted display. The results can be used to inform the design and disposition of objects within 3D VEs for the study of the control of prehension and for upper limb rehabilitation.

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Durante o período de janeiro de 1996 até março de 1997, o uso de betabloqueadores no IAM (Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio) nas UTIs da cidade de Caxias do Sul, as quais representam a maioria dos pacientes infartados da Regiao Nordeste do Estado do RS, foi observado, preferencialmente, em pacientes com faixa etária entre 40 e 60 anos. Houve predominância de pacientes do sexo masculino no uso de betabloqueadores. O uso de trombolítico relacionado ao uso de betabloqueadores foi um dado de alta significância estatística. A via de administraçao preferencial do fármaco foi a via oral. A alta hospitalar predominou sobre o número de óbitos e o percentual de alta foi maior entre o grupo que utilizou betabloqueadores. A falta de informaçoes dos prontuários foi fator determinante na dificuldade de preenchimento dos protocolos, o que resultou na ausência de significância estatística de algumas variáveis.

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Os autores fazem uma revisao dos aspectos farmacológicos de drogas anticolinérgicas na terapia ocular. É demonstrado o fármaco de escolha para algumas situaçoes práticas dentro da clínica oftalmológica e também se procede a um estudo comparativo entre essas mesmas drogas. Com isso, procura-se trazer ao clínico uma visao prática do uso desses fármacos, o que, certamente, contribuirá para esclarecer alguma situaçoes do dia-a-dia da práxis médica.

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Os autores fazem uma revisao da literatura, com o objetivo de descrever os fármacos mais utilizados na Medicaçao Pré-anestésica (MPA). Açoes farmacológicas, vantagens e desvantagens da utilizaçao, bem como doses mais indicadas sao analisados visando à adequada prescriçao desses fármacos.

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Os autores fazem uma revisao da literatura e analisam as atividades da Teicoplanina em comparaçao principalmente com a Vancomicina. Ficou evidente que o espectro de açao destes dois fármacos é semelhante. A Teicoplanina mostrou-se eficaz contra a grande maioria dos cocos Gram-positivos. Porém, devido ao seu elevado custo, seu uso fica restrito a infecçoes hospitalares graves por Staphylococcus resistentes à Vancomicina.

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Os autores revisaram os mecanismos fisiológicos que regem a passagem de fármacos para o leite materno, seus aspectos farmacodinâmicos e farmacocinéticos, relacionando aqueles que podem ou nao causar efeitos indesejáveis no lactente.

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