RESUMO
Studies have suggested that the presence of sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis could be a predisposing risk factor for hepatic encephalopathy. This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to summarize all available evidence on this relationship. A systematic review was carried out in Medline and EMBASE database through December 2018 to identify studies that recruited patients with cirrhosis from any causes and collected data on the presence of minimal or overt hepatic encephalopathy as well as sarcopenia. All study designs (case-control, cohort and cross-sectional studies) were eligible for the meta-analysis. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were extracted from the included studies and were pooled together using random-effect, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird. Five cross-sectional studies with a total of 1,713 patients met our eligibility criteria and were included into the meta-analysis. We found a significantly higher risk of both mild and overt hepatic encephalopathy among cirrhotic patients with sarcopenia when compared with cirrhotic patients without sarcopenia with the pooled OR of 3.34 (95% CI: 1.68-6.67; I2=37%) and 2.05 (95% CI: 1.28-3.29; I2=61%), respectively. This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated a significant association between sarcopenia and hepatic encephalopathy among patients with cirrhosis.
Assuntos
Encefalopatia Hepática/epidemiologia , Cirrose Hepática/epidemiologia , Sarcopenia/epidemiologia , Humanos , Razão de Chances , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Approximately 10%-15% of patients with hepatitis C genotype 1 (HCV GT1) experience virological relapse after all-oral antiviral regimen using simeprevir (SMV) and sofosbuvir (SOF). The efficacy and safety of treating such relapsers using ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) with/without ribavirin (RBV) has been limited. OBJECTIVE: Report the virological response and safety of LDV/SOF with/without RBV for 12-24 weeks in treating HCV GT1 relapsers after SMV + SOF. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients treated with standardized clinical protocol utilizing LDV/SOF with/without RBV at three transplant centers were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Forty-five patients (29% post-LT, 82% male, 13% non-white, 73% subtype 1a, 86% IL28B CT/TT, 78% F3-4) started LDV/SOF with/without RBV at a median of 22 weeks (range 7-55 weeks) after the last dose of SMV+SOF treatment. Thirty-seven patients received LDV/SOF for 24 weeks (24/37 patients with RBV) and eight patients received LDV/SOF for 12 weeks (5/8 patients with RBV). RBV dose was adjusted for renal function. Sixteen patients who were RBV-ineligible received LDV/SOF without RBV for 12 or 24 weeks. SVR 12 was achieved in 96% (43/45) of patients. Baseline viral load, RBV use, or GT1 subtype did not impact SVR 12. Minimal adverse events were reported in those without RBV; 45% of patients who received RBV developed significant anemia requiring RBV dose reduction and/or discontinuation. In LT recipients, minimal immunosuppression dose adjustments were required and no biopsy-proven acute rejection occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with LDV/SOF with/without RBV for 12-24 weeks was very well tolerated and resulted in high SVR 12 rates (96%) in HCV GT1 relapsers to SMV + SOF treatment.
Assuntos
Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Benzimidazóis/uso terapêutico , Fluorenos/uso terapêutico , Hepacivirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatite C/tratamento farmacológico , Ribavirina/uso terapêutico , Simeprevir/uso terapêutico , Sofosbuvir/uso terapêutico , Uridina Monofosfato/análogos & derivados , Idoso , Antivirais/efeitos adversos , Benzimidazóis/efeitos adversos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Fluorenos/efeitos adversos , Genótipo , Hepacivirus/genética , Hepacivirus/patogenicidade , Hepatite C/diagnóstico , Hepatite C/virologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Ribavirina/efeitos adversos , Simeprevir/efeitos adversos , Sofosbuvir/efeitos adversos , Resposta Viral Sustentada , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Estados Unidos , Uridina Monofosfato/efeitos adversos , Uridina Monofosfato/uso terapêutico , Carga ViralRESUMO
Malnutrition is prevalent in cirrhosis. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies, including vitamin D, vitamin A, and zinc, are common and have been shown to correlate with survival. Our aim was to review the mechanisms of vitamin D, vitamin A, and zinc deficiencies in cirrhosis and the clinical assessment of affected patients, their outcomes based on the current literature, and management. This is a narrative review including the relevant literature for cirrhosis and vitamin D, vitamin A, and zinc deficiencies. Vitamin D deficiency has important effects in cirrhosis, regardless of the cause of chronic liver disease.These effects include associations with fibrosis and outcomes such as infections, hepatocellular carcinoma, and mortality. Vitamin A deficiency is associated with liver disease progression to cirrhosis and clinical decompensation, including occurrence of ascites or hepatic encephalopathy. Zinc deficiency can lead to hepatic encephalopathy and impaired immune function. Such deficiencies correlate with patient survival and disease severity. Caution should be applied when replacing vitamin D, vitamin A, and zinc to avoid toxicity. Identification and appropriate treatment of vitamin and mineral deficiencies in cirrhosis may reduce specific nutritional and cirrhosis-related adverse events. Routine monitoring of vitamin A, vitamin D and zinc levels in cirrhosis should be considered.
Assuntos
Cirrose Hepática/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina A/sangue , Vitamina A/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina D/sangue , Vitamina D/sangue , Zinco/deficiência , Biomarcadores/sangue , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática/diagnóstico , Cirrose Hepática/epidemiologia , Estado Nutricional , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Fatores de Risco , Deficiência de Vitamina A/diagnóstico , Deficiência de Vitamina A/epidemiologia , Deficiência de Vitamina D/diagnóstico , Deficiência de Vitamina D/epidemiologia , Zinco/sangueRESUMO
ABSTRACT Introduction and aim. Liver transplantation (LT) provides durable survival for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there is continuing debate concerning the impact of wait time and acceptable tumor burden on outcomes after LT. We sought to review outcomes of LT for HCC at a single, large U.S. center, examining the influence of wait time on post-LT outcomes. Material and methods. We reviewed LT for HCC at Mayo Clinic in Florida from 1/1/2003 until 6/30/2014. Follow up was updated through 8/1/ 2015. Results. From 2003-2014,978 patients were referred for management of HCC. 376 patients were transplanted for presumed HCC within Milan criteria, and the results of these 376 cases were analyzed. The median diagnosis to LT time was 183 days (8 - 4,337), and median transplant list wait time was 62 days (0 -1815). There was no statistical difference in recurrence-free or overall survival for those with wait time of less than or greater than 180 days from diagnosis of HCC to LT. The most important predictor of long term survival after LT was HCC recurrence (HR: 18.61, p < 0.001). Recurrences of HCC as well as survival were predicted by factors related to tumor biology, including histopathological grade, vascular invasion, and pre-LT serum alpha-fetoprotein levels. Disease recurrence occurred in 13%. The overall 5-year patient survival was 65.8%, while the probability of 5-year recurrence-free survival was 62.2%. Conclusions. In this large, single-center experience with long-term data, factors of tumor biology, but not a longer wait time, were associated with recurrence-free and overall survival.
Assuntos
Humanos , Transplante de Fígado/efeitos adversos , Transplante de Fígado/mortalidade , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/cirurgia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Fatores de Tempo , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Fatores de Risco , Listas de Espera/mortalidade , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Análise de Intenção de Tratamento , Tempo para o Tratamento , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidadeRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Liver transplantation (LT) provides durable survival for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there is continuing debate concerning the impact of wait time and acceptable tumor burden on outcomes after LT. We sought to review outcomes of LT for HCC at a single, large U.S. center, examining the influence of wait time on post-LT outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed LT for HCC at Mayo Clinic in Florida from 1/1/2003 until 6/30/2014. Follow up was updated through 8/1/ 2015. RESULTS: From 2003-2014, 978 patients were referred for management of HCC. 376 patients were transplanted for presumed HCC within Milan criteria, and the results of these 376 cases were analyzed. The median diagnosis to LT time was 183 days (8 - 4,337), and median transplant list wait time was 62 days (0 - 1815). There was no statistical difference in recurrence-free or overall survival for those with wait time of less than or greater than 180 days from diagnosis of HCC to LT. The most important predictor of long term survival after LT was HCC recurrence (HR: 18.61, p < 0.001). Recurrences of HCC as well as survival were predicted by factors related to tumor biology, including histopathological grade, vascular invasion, and pre-LT serum alpha-fetoprotein levels. Disease recurrence occurred in 13%. The overall 5-year patient survival was 65.8%, while the probability of 5-year recurrence-free survival was 62.2%. CONCLUSIONS: In this large, single-center experience with long-term data, factors of tumor biology, but not a longer wait time, were associated with recurrence-free and overall survival.